三级笔译实务常用表达方式.doc

1. . nothing else than .结构主词benothingelse thanless than（else）but说明此句型意为“不是别的，而是”。本强调的是物。 His failure in this transaction was due to nothing else than his own carelessness. 他在这笔交易中的失利完全是由于他自己的粗心大意。 The present market situation is nothing else than fine. 目前市场形势是最好不过的了。 What we expected is nothing less than a timely payment. 及时付款正是我们所盼望的。 This transaction is nothing less than a miracle. 这笔交易完全是一个奇迹。 What I need is nothing but a sample. 我需要的不过是一件样品而已。 His condition is nothing but a little discount. 他的条件不过是一点折让。2. . not so . but .结构notsosuch形容词副词but说明此句型意为“还没有到不能的程度”，引申为“尽管还是”。此处的 but 相当于“that . not”。 I am not such a fool but I can solve the problem. 我虽不才，还是能解决这一问题。 The quality is not so poor but it is acceptable. 质量虽差，但仍能接受。 He is not so sick but he can attend a class. 他尽管有病，还是可以上课。3. not only . but also .结构主词not merelynot onlybut（also）说明此句型意为“不仅不但而且”。not onlybut also 称为“”，所连接的两个单字，须用相同的词性。如果连接两个时，前后的时式要一致；如用于连接两个时，重点在第二个，因此须与第二个一致。若连接对等的，而由 not merely，not only 开头，则要用倒装形式。 Mary not only cleaned the room but (also) washed the window. 玛丽不但清扫房间而且也洗刷窗子。 The hamburger not only smells good but (also) tastes delicious. 这只汉堡包不但气味好闻而且味道好吃。 He is famous not only for his talent but (also) for his kindness. 他不仅以才能出名，而且是出名的好心。 Not only you but (also) I am to blame. 不仅你，连我都要受责难。 Not only did the dog bark at him, but (it) bit him. 这只狗不但对他吠叫，而且咬了他。 Not only is she beautiful, but she is (also) kind. 她不仅漂亮，而且善良。 His job is not only to dispose of problems but (also) to meet unexpected challenges. 他的工作不仅要处理难题而且也要应付突来的挑战。4. either . or .结构either . or .说明此句型意为“要不就是”。可连接对等的单字、或；连接时，要随最近的 做变化。 Can you speak either English or French? 你会说英语或法语吗？ Either you or he has made the mistake. 不是你，就是他弄错了。 Either he or I am to blame. 不是他就是我该受责备。 Either you are wrong, or I am. 不是你错，就是我错了。 Either your answer or mine is wrong. 不是你的答案错了，就是我的错了。 Either we will find a supply, or we will make the goods.我们或是寻求供货，或者自己制造。 Tom is going to buy either a guitar or a piano.汤母不是要买一把吉他就是要买一架钢琴。5. neither . nor .结构neither . nor .说明此句型意为“既非也非”。可连接对等的单字、或；连接时，要随最近的 做变化。 Neither he nor I was able to understand her. 既不是我也不是他能够了解她。 Neither you nor I am wrong. 你也好，我也好，都没错。 In my opinion, neither you nor he has met the standard.在我看来，你跟他都没有达到标准。 I neither expressed surprise at the price nor attempted to accept it. 我对于这个价格既没有表示惊异，也没想接受。 We are going to play neither basketball nor volleyball.我们既不将打篮球也不将打排球。6. both . and .结构both . and .说明此句型意为“二者皆；和”。这是对等，可连接对等的单字、和；若连接时，一定为复数形。 I work both on sunny days and on rainy ones. 我风雨无阻地工作。 That actress is both skillful and beautiful. 那位女演员演技精湛又长得漂亮。 He is known both as a painter and as a statesman. 他是知名的画家及政治家。 He succeeded both because he was industrious and because he had many friends to help him. 他的成功是由于勤勉和许多朋友的帮助。 Both he and I are satisfied with the result. 我和他对结果都很满意。 Helen ordered both fried chicken and salad in the fast-food restaurant. 海伦在快餐店里点了炸鸡和色拉。7. . as well as .结构. as well as .说明此句型意为“既又”。这是对等，可连接对等的单字、和；若连接时，要跟着第一个做变化。 She can speak Japanese as well as English. 她会说日语和英语。 Obviously he is interested in music as well as (in) painting.显然他对音乐和绘画都有兴趣。 He succeeded because he was industrious as well as because he had many friends to help him. 他的成功是由于勤勉和许多朋友的帮助。 He as well as I is satisfied with the result. 他和我都满意这样的结果。8. . as well.结构主词动词as well说明此句型意为“也是”。as well 一般置于句尾。 Often life is much slower outside the big cities, as is true in other countries as well. 大都市外面的生活步调往往是缓慢得多，这在其它国家也是真的那样。 She is not only good at mathematics, but she is interested in English as well. 她不但擅长数学，而且对英语也感到兴趣。 Tom is very unfriendly to me as well. 汤姆对我也很不友善。9. as soon as .结构as soon as .说明此句型意为“一就”。为，引导，修饰。等于“no sooner . than .”或“hardlyscarcelywhenbefore”。 As soon as she arrived in the city, she phoned her friend.她一到这个城市，就给她的朋友打电话。 As soon as I have time, I will call you up. 我一有空，就会打电话给你。 Tell me as soon as you have finished. 你一完成就告诉我。10. no sooner . than .结构no sooner . than .说明此句型意为“一就”。为，引导，修饰。no sooner 为，置于句首时，与必须倒装。 He had no sooner come than she left. 他一来，她就离开。 No sooner had I left the shop than a man came to me and asked me if my name was Peter. 我一离开商店，就有一位男士向我走来，问我是不是叫彼得。 No sooner had he arrived than he fell sick. 他刚抵达就病倒了。 I had no sooner gone out than it began to rain. 我刚走到外面就开始下雨了。11. hardly . when .结构hardly/scarcely . when/before .说明此句型意为“一就”。为，引导，修饰。hardly，scarcely 为，置于句首时，与必须倒装。 John had hardly opened the door when his guests arrived. 约翰刚打开门他的客人就到了。 Scarcely had I washed the car before the sky rumbled with thunder. 我刚洗车天空就打雷了。 Hardly had I gone out of the hotel when I met my friend.我刚走出饭店就遇见了我的朋友。 Scarcely had she heard the sad story when she burst out crying. 她一听到这悲伤的消息，就失声痛哭。12. now that . V .结构now that主词动词说明此句型意为“因为既然”。now that 是，that 可省略，意思是 since（因为）或 seeing（that）（既然），引导，修饰。 Now that I am free, I can enjoy music for a while. 既然有空，我可以享受一下音乐。 I want to work now that I am well again. 我想去工作因为我又健康了。 Now that there is a new tunnel, the road is less dangerous.既然有了一个新的隧道，这条路就比较不危险了。 Now that you are a college student, you should learn to be independent of your parents help. 既然你已是个大学生了，就应当学着独立，不靠父母的帮助。13. not . because .结构not . because .说明此句型意为“并非因为而”。使用本时，because 之前不可有逗点，否则意思完全不同；有时得从 because 的逻辑来判断意思。 You must not despise a man because he is poor. 你不可因一个人贫穷而轻视他。 I do not love him because he is rich. (I love him not because he is rich.) 我不是因为他有钱才爱他的。 I do not respect him because he is playful. 我不尊敬他，因为他贪玩。 I do not respect him because he is knowledgeable. 我并非因为他有学问而尊敬他。14. not that . but that .结构(It is) not that . but that .说明此句型意为“并非而是”。It is 通常予以省略。 Not that I dislike the task, but that I am not equal to it. 并非我不喜欢这工作，而是我无法胜任。 Believe it or not, not that I dont love Mary, but that I love my country (all the) more. 信不信由你，并非我不爱玛丽，而是我更爱我的国家。 Not that I hate the work. Im not strong enough for it. 并非我讨厌这份工作，而是我不够强壮，无法胜任。15. so that . may .结构so that/in order that . may .说明此句型意为“以便”。此为表示目的的 so that，in order that 所引导的 。so that 总是置于之后，而 in order that 置于前后均可，且较为强调。通常使用 may，也使用 can（could），shall（should），will（would）等。若与相同时，可变成，即“so as to原形”或“in order to原形”。 Read the questions carefully so that you may not make a mistake in the test. 考试时要仔细看清楚题目，以免犯错。 We turned on the light so that we might see (=so as to see) what it was. 我们把灯打开，以便看看它是什么。 I study hard, so that I may not fail in the examinations. 我用功，免得考不及格。 My father works hard in order that he may support us. 我父亲辛苦地工作为了养家。 Ive decided to learn photography in order that I may better appreciate the beauty of nature. 我决定学摄影以便更能欣赏自然的美。 I came in order that I might/could see May. (=I came in order to see May.) 我来是因为能见到梅。 We must find out the customs of other countries, so that they will not think us ill mannered. 我们必须知道别的国家的习俗，免得他们会认为我们是没有礼貌的。16. lest . (should) .结构lest . (should) .说明此句型意为“以免”。等于“for fear (that) . should”。lest 为，引导，在该中，只能用 should，但 should 可省略，直接接原形。 I got up early lest I (should) miss the train. 我早起以免错过了火车。 We talked in a low voice lest we should wake the baby up. 我们小声说话以免吵醒婴儿。 Hide it lest he (should) see it. 把它藏起来免得他看见。 He took a flashlight lest it should get dark before he returned. 为了预防回来以前天就黑了，所以他带着手电筒。 Be careful for fear (that) you should be misunderstood. 请小心点不要被误会了。17. . in case . should .结构. in case . should .说明此句型意为“唯恐；以防万一”。in case 是“唯恐（lest）；万一（if）”之意，做，引导，与 should 并用，以修饰。in case 置于句首，也可当 if 使用。 I stopped suddenly in case he should think that I was showing off. 我突然停住，唯恐他会认为我是在炫耀。 They watched him closely in case he should escape. 他们严密监视他，惟恐他会逃脱。 In case (=If) I forget, please remind me. 万一我忘记，请提醒我。 Write the telephone number down in case you forget. 把电话号码写下来以免忘了。18. . so . that .结构so形容词副词that说明此句型意为“如此以致”。此为表示因果关系的，引导。so 后也可接单数，即“soathat”。so 所引导的词类置于句首时，要采用倒装句构，如例句5和6。该句型与“too . to .”句型可以互相改写，如例句1所示。 Kevin is so sick that he cant come to class. (=Kevin is too sick to come to class.) 克文病得严重以致无法来上课。 The dog is so gentle that I am not afraid of it. 这只狗如此温驯，因此我不感到害怕。 She studied so hard that she passed the exam. 她这么用功，所以通过了考试。 He is so good a boy that we like him. 他是个这么好的男孩，所以我们都喜欢他。 So nice is he that I like him. 他是这么好，因此我喜欢他。 So exciting was the game that I forgot all about the coming finals. 比赛是如此令人兴奋，以致我把即将来临的期末考忘得一乾二净。19. so many/few . that .结构so manyfew复数名词that说明此句型意为“如此多少的以致”。若是不可数名词，则用“so muchlittle不可数名词that”。此为表示因果关系的，引导。so 可修饰表数量的 many，much，few，little。so 所引导的词类置于句首时，要采用倒装句构。 I have so much work to do that I cant go out with you.我有这么多工作要做，因此不能和你出去。 So many languages can he speak that he should have no problem traveling around the world. 他会说这么多种语言，因此环游世界毫无问题。 There is so little time left that I dont think I can finish it as scheduled. 剩下这么少的时间，我想我不能按时完成。 He has so few friends that his life is lonely. 他的朋友很少，因此他的生活非常孤单。20. such . that .结构such名词that说明此句型意为“如此以致”。此为表示因果关系的，引导。such 之后可接任何。such 所引导的词类置于句首时，要采用倒装句构。 Do not think that Americans are in such a hurry that they are unfriendly. 不要认为美国人如此匆忙是不友善的。 He always talks in such a way that everyone dislikes him. 他总是用这样得方式说话，所以每个人都讨厌他。 He was such an impatient driver (=He was so impatient a driver) that he went through the red light. 他是这样没有耐心的司机，所以他闯红灯了。 Such a good article did he write that he won the award.他的这篇文章写得这么好，因此获奖。 They are such good boys that we like them. 他们是这么好的男孩，所以我们都喜欢他们。 It is such good music that I enjoy it. 这么好的音乐我喜欢。21. as much so as N结构as much so as名词说明此句型意为“像一样”。 I am poor as much so as a church mouse. 我穷得像教堂的老鼠。 She is lovely as much so as an angel. 她可爱得像个天使。 The price of this gem is expensive as much so as astronomical figures. 这个宝石的价格十分昂贵简直是个天文数字。22. so much so that .结构so much so that主词动词说明此句型意为“如此所以”。第一个 so 是“如此地”，第二个 so 是，代表前面提过的某一个观念。 Making something by hand has become the exception in many countries today so much so that giving a homemade gift is sometimes considered extraordinary. 当今用手做东西，在许多国家已经成为很特殊如此地特殊，以致赠送自制礼物有时被认为是不寻常的。 He is richso much so that he can buy anything he wants. 他有钱如此有钱。所以他可以买任何他要的东西。 Tom is cleverso much so that he can solve most of the problems. 汤姆聪明聪明地可以解决大多数这些问题。23. though/although .结构though/although .说明此句型意为“虽然但是”。though 或 although 均为，引导，修饰，可置于的前后。若使用 though 或 although，就不可再使用 but，反之亦然，以避免双重连接；但可以用 yet，此时的 yet 做；though 也可当用，置于句尾，但前面要加逗点，表“然而”之意。 Although (he was) cheerful in company, he was often sad in private. 虽然和友人在一起是愉快的，但他私下却常常很悲伤。 Though old, he walks as fast as a young man. 虽然年老，他走起路来像年轻人一样快。 Though he often plays hooky, he does well in study. 他经常逃学，然而他的功课却很好。 Although very rich in his youth, he is now as poor as a church mouse. 虽然年轻时很有钱，他现在穷得像教堂的老鼠。 She didnt put on an overcoat though it was very cold outside.外头虽冷，她却没披件外套。 Though he is nice, (yet) I dont like him. (=He is nice; I dont like him, though.) 他很好，然而我不喜欢他。24. even if/even though .结构even if/even though .说明此句型意为“即使，虽然”。也是，引导，用法与 though，although 相同，也不可与 but 并用。注意：无 even although 的用法。 Even if it will take me six weeks, I am determined to finish the job. 即使这工作要花掉我六个星期的时间，我仍决心要把它完成。 Even if he said so, you need not believe him. 即使他这么说，你大可不必相信他。 Even though you do not like it, you must do it. 即使你不喜欢这工作，你也得做。Even though he tried, he still lagged behind other runners.尽管他努力了，仍落在其它赛跑者之后。 Even though I hadnt seen my classmate for many years, I recognized him immediately. 即使多年没有看见我的同学，我也马上认出了他。 They couldnt, even if they would, get out of trouble by themselves. 即使他们想（摆脱），也无法独立摆脱困难。25. Poor as he is, .结构形容词as主词be 动词，说明此句型意为“虽然，但是”。等于“thoughbe ”。 Poor as he is (=Though he is poor), he doesnt feel inferior.虽然他穷，他并不觉得低人一等。 Tired as she was, she kept doing it. 她虽然累了，仍继续做下去。 Nice as he is, I dont like him. 虽然他很好，但我不喜欢他。 Stern as he is, he is full of sympathy. 虽然他严格，却富有同情心。 Young as he was, he was prudent. 他虽然如此年轻，却很慎重。 Surprised as he was at the news, he kept it secret all the week. 这消息虽然令他吃惊，但他却整个礼拜都没说出来。26. Hard as he worked, .结构副词（动词）as主词动词，（yet）说明此句型意为“虽然，但是”。等于“though（）”。Hard as he worked (=Though he worked hard), he failed in the exam.虽然他很用功，考试仍失败了。 Much as she loved him (=Though she loved him very much), he deserted her in the long run. 虽然她很爱他，但最后他仍抛弃了她。 Much as the sheep look alike, the old man can tell one from another. 虽然绵羊看起来很相像，但那位老人仍能一一区别。 Much as I like her, I wont marry her. 我虽然很喜欢她，却不打算娶她。 Well as he does in study, he is not arrogant. 虽然他功课很好，却一点都不傲慢。 Much as we may take pride on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose things (that) we want.虽然我们对我们高尚的品味感到非常得意，我们却不再能自由地去选择我们所要的东西。 Much as I hope I may gain weight, (yet) I am still as thin as before. 虽然我非常希望增加体重，但我仍然像以前一样的瘦。 Fast as you do, you cant finish the assignment in two hours. 尽管你做得快，总也不能在两小时内将功课做完。 Search as I would, I could not find the book. 无论我怎么找，也没有找到书。 Try as you might, you cant keep the lost time. 不管你怎么努力，失去的时间无法赶上。 Munching the apple as he was, he had an eye for all her movements. 他虽然啃着苹果，但却很留神地监视着她的每一个动作。27. Good student as he is, .结构名词as主词be 动词，说明此句型意为“虽然，但是”。等于“thoughbe ”。若 be 之后的是单数，移至句首后要省略。 Good students as they were (=Though they were good students), they sometimes erred. 虽然他们是好学生，偶而也会犯错。 Good student as he is (=Though he is a good student), he sometimes makes mistakes. 虽然他是好学生，偶而也会犯错。 Coward as he is (=Though he is a coward), he cant bear such an insult. 虽然他是懦夫，却无法忍受这样的侮辱。28. Try as you may, .结构原形动词asthough主词may，说明此句型意为“虽然，但是”。等于“thoughmay原形”；此类变化仅限于句中有 may 时。Try as he may (=Though he may try), he will definitely fail.虽然他会尝试去做，但无疑他必失败。 Try as she may, she is not necessarily able to talk him out of smoking. 虽然她会尝试，却未必能说服他戒烟。 Try as you may, you will find it impossible to solve the problem. 虽然你会尝试，但你会发现要解决这个问题是不可能的。29. whether . or .结构whether . or .说明此句型意为“不论是还是”。whether 引导的句尾可用 or，以连接对等的单字、。whether 中的若与相同时，则该可省略；whether 的句构若为“be ”，而又对称时，则可保留“or”，其余部分则省略。 Whether he will stay or leave, I really dont care. 我真的不在意他要留下来还是要走。 Whether the news is true or false, I wont change my plan. 不管消息是真是假，我是不会改变计划的。 Whether (she is) sick or fine, she is always cheerful. 不管她生不生病，她总是开开心心的。 (Whether we are) Rich or poor, we are all equal. 人不分贫富一律平等。 Rain or shine, the game will be held as scheduled. 不论下不下雨，比赛照常举行。Waking or sleeping, the matter is always in my mind.不论是醒着还是睡着，这件事时常浮在我的脑中。30. whether . or not结构whether主词动词or not说明此句型意为“不论还是不”。“whether . or not”称为，连接词性相同的单字，或，当“whether . or .”中的 or 之后对等的单字或若相同时，该单字或可省略，而以 not 代替；or not 也可省略；也可写成 whether or not。 Theres always weather, weather, whether we like it or not. 老是有各种各样的天气，不论我们喜欢不喜欢。 Whether you will go (or not), please call me up. 不论你去不去，请打电话给我。 Whether he will come (or not), we will go on with our plan. 不管他来不来，我们仍按原计划进行。 I have decided to buy a bicycle, whether it is expensive or not. 我已经决定买一部脚踏车，不论贵不贵。 Whether you believe it or not, I passed the exam. 不管你信不信，反正我通过了考试。 Whether he wanted it or not, he had to attend the lecture. 不管他愿意与否，他非得去参加讲座。 Whether or not he will stay, I really dont care. 他要留下来还是要走，我真的不在意。 He is always happy whether rich or not. 不管穷还是富，他都快活。31. . or otherwise结构形容词or otherwise说明此句型意为“（不论）或不”。otherwise 表示和相反的意义。 Two characters are in disagreement, serious or otherwise, over some matter. 两个人物为某件事情发生了严重或不严重的冲突。 You must accept the result, satisfactory or otherwise. 你必须接受这个令人满意或不满意的结果。 The task assigned, dangerous or otherwise, must be finished as scheduled. 所指派的工作，危险或不危险，必须如期完成。32. as . V .结构as主词动词说明此句型意为“按照；如”。as 是，等于“in the same way that”。 When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入境随俗。 Do as you are told. (=Do as I tell you.) 照我吩咐的做！ She cooks omelets in butter as they do in France. 她用奶油做法国式的蛋卷。33. As it is .结构As it is .说明此句型意为“事实上”。As it is . 作，置于句首，修饰后面的。等于 In fact 或 As a matter of fact。 I thought he would get better. As it is, he is getting worse. 我以为他会变好。但事实上，他愈变愈糟。 He is