定语从句 (8).doc

2014年3月18日马塘镇英语教研活动定语从句教案 定 语 从 句 江苏省如东县实验中学 周俊梅Step 1:导入定语从句 Guess the meaning of the following proverbs1.God helps those who help themselves.2.He who laughs last laughs best.3.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.Step 2: 定语从句的相关术语 1.定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语、或句子。汉语中常用“的”表示； a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女生 a developing country 发展中国家 polluted water 污染的水 the man who you are waiting for 你在等待的人 2.定语从句修饰某一名词或代词的从句； Do you know the woman who came to see my Chinese teacher this morning? 能够做定语的往往会紧挨着它所修饰或限定的词。 For example:1.Our school has a beautiful garden.2.The smiling student needs a new map.3.The girl in red is my daughter.4.The bike bought by her is made in Shanghai.5.The women chatting under the tree are my friends.6.The student who is reading needs the dictionary which you bought last week.（让学生从句中观察归纳： 单词或单个的分词做定语时通常放在它所修饰的词前面，作前置定语； 分词短语、介词短语和从句通常放在它所修饰的词之后，作后置定语；定语从句通常放在我们所修饰的词之后。） 3.先行词被修饰的名词或代词； 4.关系词引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词； 关系代词:that; which; who; whom, whose, as; 关系副词: where; when; why (要求同学们牢固掌握，注意区分使用条件) 关系词三个重要作用：1引导定语从句；2代替先行词（先行词的一个替代形式）；3在定语从句中担当一个成分Step 3:Match the following sentences 定语从句中人用that或who代替，物用that 或which代替1.Im reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates. Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.2.She is a teacher. She teaches us English. She is a teacher who teaches us English.3.I dont like the man. He is smoking. I dont like the man who is smoking.4.Where is the computer? You bought it last week. Where is the computer that/which you bought last week?讨论归纳整合定语从句的三个步骤：1 找先行词；2 换关系词；3 抄其余部分Step 4:Practise(连接成定语从句，并加以分析说明)1.I cant find my rubber. My father bought me the ruler yesterday.（两个句子有共同的词rubber，所以可以改为定语从句；先行词为物，在从句中做宾语，用关系代词that/which，可以省略） I cant find my rubber that/which my father bought me yesterday.2.Give love singers. They wrote their own music. (两个句子有共同的词singers，以及其代词they, 所以可以改为定语从句。先行词为人，从句中做主语，用关系代词that或who ) Give love singers who wrote their own music.3.I read a story in the newspaper. The story was about a common problem among teenagers.(两个句子有共同的词story，以及其代词they, 所以可以改为定语从句。先行词为物，从句中做宾语，用关系代词that/which, 可以省略) The story that/which I read in the newspaper was about a common problem among teenagers.4.Who is the man? Hes reading a book over there. (两个句子有共同的词the man，以及其代词he, 所以可以改为定语从句。因为用who提问，所以只好用关系代词that代替先行词) Who is the man that is reading a book over there?5.The old man is my uncle. The old mans son is in the army. (两个句子有共同的词the old man，所以可以改为定语从句。又因关系代词需替代名词所有格，所以应用whose提问)The old man whose son is in the army is my uncle. Step 4:考点梳理1关系代词在从句中做主语.He is a Chinese.He plays an important part in NBA.He who plays an important part in NBA is a Chinese.He was born in Shanghai. Shanghai is an important city. He was born in Shanghai that/which is an important city.关系代词在从句中所作成分先行词类别关系词的选择主语人who/that 物 which/that警示：关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致！Those who are against the plan put up your hands.The man who is next to us sells vegetables.典型考点：Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday.Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.(定语从句是修饰紧挨者它前面的那个名词或代词)2关系代词在从句中做宾语.He is a good student. Teachers are proud of him. He is a good student who teachers are proud of.He loves football. He plays football very well. He loves football that he plays very well.3关系代词在从句中做定语 He is a famous basketball player.His wife is Ye Li.He whose wife is Ye Li is a famous basketball player.关系代词在从句中所作成分先行词类别关系词的选择定语人whose 物 whose Step 5:关系代词在从句中的用法指人指物 主语subject宾语object定语attributivethatwhichwhowhomwhoseStep 6:回顾本课知识点A. 关系代词that/which引导的定语从句如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词，关系代词应用that/which(作主语或宾语)that/which作主语时不可以省略1. that/which作主语时不可以省略This is a dream.The dream will never come true.This is a dream that/which will never come true.( 作主语) 2. The dog has been found. The dog was lost. The dog that/which was lost has been found. ( 作主语) 3. that/which作宾语时可以省略 This is the card. Ive just received the card. This is the card (that/which) Ive just received.( 作宾语) B. 关系代词who,that,whom引导的定语从句 如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用who, that,(作主语或宾语) whom( 作宾语) 1. that/who作主语时不可以省略 This is the film star. The film star is very popular in China. This is the film star that/who is very popular in China. ( 作主语) 2. that/who/whom作宾语时可以省略 The man is a famous writer. He described the man just now The man (that/who/whom) he described just now is a famous writer. ( 作宾语)Step 7:小结 that-既可以指人，也可以指物，作主语时不可以省略，作宾语时可以省略； which-指物，作主语时不可以省略，作宾语时可以省略； who- 指人，作主语时不可以省略，作宾语时可以省略(常用whom)； （特别注意：当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词决定） Step 8: whose引导的定语从句1.whose作定语表示所属关系 The boy is my classmate. The boys father is a policeman. The boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate. 2. whose引导的定语从句的注意点 a. whose引导的定语从句,其后紧跟名词，构成名词短语，whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语The boss (in whose department he worked) had heard the news. b. whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物 whose的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ of which或=of which + the +名词 例：The novel whose title (= the title of which 或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting . whose的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ of whom或=of whom+ the +名词 例：The boy whose mother(= the mother of whom 或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend.Step 9: Exercises A.关系代词的填空 1. The boy is playing ping-pong is my son. 2. I dont know the man had an accident this morning. 3. The girl Jack is looking for is in in Class Three. 4. The e-mail I received yesterday was from my mother. 5. The school well visit next week is not far from here. 6. The house has a small swimming pool is very expensive. 7. The man hair is white is his grandfather.