北京外国语大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试复语同声传译.doc

北京外国语大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试复语同声传译专业试卷北京外国语大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试复语同声传译专业试卷I.将下列文章译成汉语 (50分)India and China need help to grow, not hectoringEvery time there is a spike in oil prices, or when food costs more, or there is a renewed worry about carbon and climate change, academics, pundits, and the press immediately point to the high-consumption future of India and China.They are wrong to do so when we consider the causes of energy and food challenges, and, more importantly, when we think of the actions and policies needed to manage changes in coming decades. If it is questionable that India and China are to blame for the global energy crunch, it is even less acceptable to expect them to adhere to pleas to moderate their energy consumption.Historically, energy consumption has correlated with economic growth. The present debate over energy often focuses on two dimensions: climate change (from greenhouse gases), and the scarcity of fossil fuels.With growing populations and economies, India and China will certainly consume a growing fraction of global resources, but they consume only 3 per cent and 9 per cent, respectively, of the worlds petroleum today. The global leader, the US, consumes just under a quarter.Looking at future options, why does it matter if India and China are or are not similar in terms of energy consumption and needs? Global treaties aim to modify future consumption, and mechanisms or formulae that are considered fair (and likely to be ratified) must be cognizant of differences. Given the differences in their systems, needs, and incentives, a proposal meant to appeal to both may not appeal to either. Without global participation, no solution is likely work.China already has the worlds second-largest electricity grid, and, at current rates of growth, it will soon become the largest electricity producer in the world. Like India, most of this is based on coal, the least “green” of the leading fossil fuels.Indias present installed electricity capacity is not in the same league. The result is that, for the coming decade, it will not be able to grow at a rate anywhere near that of China. In absolute net growth, the US will add more than twice as much capacity than India in 2007-08.Chinas growth of energy consumption has been positive for its population. It has now provided electricity to an estimated 98 per cent of households, unlike India or Africa. India has not met its energy growth targets even in the absence of carbon constraints can we realistically expect it to moderate due to global concerns when it will say it is not the prime polluter?(425)II.将下列短文译成汉语(25分)The Cause of EarthquakesThe earth is divided into three main layers - a hard outer crust, a soft middle layer and a center core. The outer crust is broken into massive, irregular pieces called plates. These plates move very slowly, driven by energy forces deep within the earth. Earthquakes occur when these moving plates grind and scrape against each other.In California, the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate meet. The Pacific Plate covers most of the Pacific Ocean floor and the California coastline. The North American Plate stretches across the North American continent and parts of the Atlantic Ocean. The primary boundary between them is the San Andreas Fault. It is more than 650 miles long and extends 10 miles deep. Many smaller faults, such as the Hayward Fault, branch from the San Andreas Fault.The Pacific Plate grinds northwestward past the North American Plate at a rate of about two inches per year. Parts of the San Andreas Fault system adapt to this movement by a constant creep resulting in frequent, moderate, earth tremors. In other areas, movement is not constant and strain can build up for hundreds of years resulting in strong earthquakes when it is released.Unlike other natural disasters, there is no warning for earthquakes. Future earthquakes are a serious threat to Californians, which is why the Fire Department recommends preparing before an earthquake hits. (232)III. 将下列文章译成英语(50分)“将来韵韵考上北大或牛津，我可能都不会这么兴奋!”魏伦斯感慨道。韵韵是她的儿子，今年3岁。前不久，他终于被一家公办托儿所“录取”。“胜出”的条件之一是，可一次性交清“赞助费”3万元人民币。尽管有明码标价-按照教育局、财政局等部门的文件规定收费，但不少公办托儿所都要收取规定之外、不怎么合法的“赞助费”以及各种名目的费用，实际上，除了每月700元的日托费，这些已成为约定俗成的“必须”费用，一般在几千元至几万元不等。“赞助费我们交得非常心甘情愿，毕竟儿子没有输在起跑线上。”魏伦斯说。她与丈夫的年收入加起来近22万元人民币，与很多人相比，算是比较“有钱”的，但他们还是最终放弃了一家赞助费要5万的“更好一些”的托儿所，“这属于漫天要价了。”魏伦斯也感受到“无底洞”的压力与负担，她要随时准备交费、交费、再交费。托儿所经常开展联谊活动、户外比赛，并要统一服装-都需要家长另外付费。魏伦斯自己也明白，家长们对学前教育期望值过高，导致了托儿所费用的水涨船高。据她了解，很多父母均认同这样一种看法：如今每个家庭都是一个孩子，于是一些托儿所利用家长“望子成龙”(“望女成凤”)的心态，“投其所好”，想方设法推出各种名目的学前教育计划和培养目标，无形中，也大大增加了家长的投入。(538)IV. 将下列短文译成英语(25分