专升本辅导词汇讲义.doc

第一章 （Part of Speech）第一节 测试要点及解题技巧一、测试要点（一）考词类：名词、动词、形容词、副词。（二）考构词法：前缀、后缀。二、解题技巧（一）确定空缺词汇的词类和词义如：The first phase involved the (preserve) of wild life through laws and hunting regulations.（二）明确各类词性词汇在句子中的语法功能名词：作主语、宾语、表语动词：作谓语形容词：作定语修饰名词；作表语时置于系动词后；作宾语补足语副词：作状语修饰动词或形容词（三）确定是否使用前缀或后缀（从句子意义连贯入手）如：When I apply for job I find I am always at a (advantage) because I cant drive.（四）动词时态语态与名词单、复数的正确使用如：The child (terrify) into crying when he heard the explosion.第二节 历年真题考点一览考副词6个，占10%：originally, frequently, really, carefully, helplessly, occasionally考动词7个占12%：dislike, enlarge, enrich, strengthen, modernize, should be考名词19个占32%：observation, preservation, collection, application, electricity, ability, society, poverty, decision, expansion, argument, amusement, absence, complaint, politics, pressure, observer, container, freedom考形容词28个占46%： 前缀：unexpected, unfair, unscientific, unusual 后缀：leading, willing, cheating, disappointing, instinctive, competitive(2次), effective, successful, cheerful, enriched, excited, leisured, satisfied, given, energetic, economic, original, additional, profitable, religious, certain, likely, , favorite, 前缀不易出题，若出，多为dis-, en-, un-, mis-, in-/im-/il-/ir-第三节 词缀例举（一）容易入题的前缀（5个）en-: to make; cause to be 使成为；使变成 Enable, endanger, enlarge, enlighten, ennoble, enrich, entitledis-: the opposite of 相反；否定 Disable, disadvantage, disagree, disappear, discharge(释放，排出),disclose, discourage, discover, discovery, dishonor, dislike, disorder, disapprove, disgracemis-: bad; wrong坏；错 Mislead, mistake, misread, misunderstand, misunderstanding, misspelling, misjudgeun-: 用于构成形容词或副词,“非”。 Unable, unbearable, uncertain, uncomfortable, unconscious, undoubtedly, uneasy(心神不安的)，unexpected, unfair, unfortunate(ly), unhappy, unjust, unkind, unknown, unlike, unlikely, unnecessary, unpleasant, unsatisfactory, unstable, unsuitable, unusual(ly), unwilling.用于构成动词，“做与相反的动作”。 Uncover, undress, untie, undo, unlock.in-: not (l前变为il-; b、m、p前变为im-; r前变为ir-) Incorrect, indefinite, independence, independent, indifferent, indirect, indispensable, inefficient, inevitable, inexpensive, insufficient, invisible;Impossible, immobile, impatient, imbalance;Illegal, illogical;Irregular.（二）后缀典型动词后缀（3个） -en: to cause to be or to have使成为；使变成 Waken, strengthen, sharpen, hasten, weaken, stiffen, lighten, fasten, deepen, loosen, quicken, widen, threaten, ripen, harden, brighten, lengthen, soften, darken, broaden, whiten, shorten，tighten -ify; -fy: to make or become 使成为 Amplify, beautify, clarify, classify, identify, intensify, justify, qualify, specify, purify, simplify -ize;-ise: 没有特殊含义，仅为构成动词而已 Summarize, sympathize, specialize, recognize, realize, organize, industrialize, fertilize, emphasize, criticize, civilize, analyze, modernize, popularize, legalize典型名词后缀（17个） -ness: happiness, goodness, illness, sadness, sickness, consciousness, kindness, thickness, weakness -hood: childhood, neighborhood -ship: leadership, relationship, friendship, scholarship, ownership, partnership, workmanship(技艺，手艺), hardship -dom: kingdom, boredom, freedom, wisdom -ure: exposure, moisture, mixture, literature, signature, pleasure, pressure, failure, closure, manufacture -age: storage, postage, shortage, passage, package, marriage, advantage, disadvantage, percentage -ability/-ibility: ability, possibility, reliability, flexibility, probability, stability, impossibility, capability, responsibility -ment: statement, punishment, refreshment, settlement, payment, pavement, measurement, management, investment, judgment, employment, establishment, equipment, government, improvement, arrangement, argument, amusement, achievement, advertisement, movement, development, treatment, assignment, requirement -ing: beginning, building, clothing, drawing, ending, feeling, engineering, finding, greeting, heading, heating, learning, meaning, landing, lightning, meeting, opening, painting, reading, saving, spelling, teaching, training, turning, writing -th: warmth, growth, breadth, width, length, breath -aint: complaint, restraint -al: removal, terminal, refusal, arrival, proposal, memorial, disposal, trial, approval, disapproval -er/-ar/-or/-r: 表示从事某种活动的人：writer, worker, winner, waiter, visitor, teacher, seller, buyer, sailor, runner, ruler, robber, player, rider, researcher, reporter, porter, inventor, interpreter, leader, lawyer, listener, liar, lover, messenger, manager, miner, operator, painter, passenger, philosopher, editor, employer, farmer, observer, gardener, governor, actor, announcer, beggar, manufacturer, beginner, calculator, driver, director, reader, receiver, conductor 表示住在某地的人：villager, foreigner, officer, prisoner 表示某种用途的器具：generator, fertilizer, receiver, drawer, container, computer, carrier, calculator, typewriter, recorder 其它：prayer, stranger, teenager -sion/-ssion: transmission, succession, precision, possession, profession, invasion, permission, explosion, expression, extension, expansion, impression, conclusion, confusion, conversion, decision, discussion, division -ion/-ition/-ation: vibration, tradition, translation, transportation, transformation, suggestion, temptation, solution, pollution, population, plantation, precaution, preparation, production, pronunciation, quotation, reaction, publication, protection, proportion, radiation, recommendation, reduction, reflection, rebellion, relation, regulation, repetition, recognition, reception, restriction, resignation, resolution, rotation, satisfaction, intention, instruction, institution, separation, selection, interaction, information, injection, inspection, installation, investigation, invention, introduction, interruption, interpretation, invitation, limitation, location, negation, navigation, operation, organization, observation, objection, occupation, edition, education, duration, election, elimination, foundation, exhibition, exception, explanation, evolution, formation, indication, illustration, identification, imagination, addition, action, attention, association, administration, calculation, civilization, classification, connection, conversation, correction, concentration, consumption, constitution, consideration, contradiction, convention, definition, destruction, determination, conservation, distribution, distinction, direction, diction, congratulation, corporation, solution, variation. -ance/-ence/-ency/-ense: absence, acceptance, acquaintance, accordance, confidence, consequence, convenience, defense, difference, efficiency, emergency, evidence, existence, guidance, frequency, indifference, independence, importance, preference, presence, reference, resistance, reliance, silence, significance, intelligence, interference, innocence, occurrence, tolerance, violence, performance, tendency, patience-y/-ty/-ity/-ry/-ery: variety, sympathy, technology, simplicity, security, robbery, relativity, reality, recovery, radioactivity, prosperity, quality, quantity, purity, poverty, poetry, summary, injury, inquiry, liberty, majority, loyalty, minority, misery, honesty, philosophy, nursery, necessity, nationality, mystery, gravity, grocery, electricity, society, accuracy, anxiety, authority, beauty, capacity, chemistry, certainty, cruelty, curiosity, creativity, difficulty, discovery, intensity, safety, activity表示人的名词后缀还有：actress, American, assistant, Arabian, Asian, Australian, Canadian, Chemist, Chinese, Japanese, Christian, German, hostess, heroine, Italian, journalist, Marxist, musician, physician, physicist, patient, politician, republican, scientist, specialist, servant, socialist, technician, tourist, volunteer, inhabitant, stewardess.典型形容词后缀（15个） 由-ing分词转化而来的形容词（其否定形式常加un-） Absorbing, alarming, amusing, annoying, astonishing, boring, challenging, changing, charming, comforting, confusing, convincing, disappointing, discouraging, disturbing, embarrassing, encouraging, exciting, fascinating, frightening, humiliating, interesting, missing, misleading, pleasing, promising, puzzling, refreshing, shocking, striking, surprising terrifying, tiring, worrying, living, satisfying, leading, dying, following, leading, corresponding. 由-ed分词转化而来的形容词 Alarmed, amazed, amused, bored, civilized, disappointed, educated, embarrassed, excited, fascinated, frightened, interested, pleased, relaxed, satisfied, shocked, surprised, tired, unexpected, unfinished, unknown, unsettled, worried, married, skilled, advanced, ashamed, beloved, learned, limited, accustomed, wicked. -y: worthy, weary, wealthy, sunny, stormy, sticky, muddy, noisy, lucky, snowy, sleepy, shady, handy, rusty, sandy, rainy, windy, funny, guilty, slippery, healthy, hasty, hungry, angry, stony, dirty. -able: preferable, acceptable, respectable, portable, remarkable, reasonable, reliable, sensible, advisable, available, capable, durable, favorable, fashionable, honorable, desirable, measurable, soluble, miserable, noticeable, suitable, variable. -al: racial, rational, practical, professional, proportional, abnormal, additional, industrial, actual, accidental, beneficial, chemical, financial, emotional, essential, experimental, electrical, final, fatal, grammatical, habitual, historical, gradual, identical, horizontal, critical, loyal, logical, physical, statistical, tropical, criminal, partial, musical, mineral, continual, conventional, substantial, structural, special, oriental, occasional, intentional, economical, intellectual, mechanical, influential, operational, personal, spiritual, technical, theoretical, traditional, political. -en: wooden, woolen, golden, rotten-less: worthless, wireless, needless, hopeless, helpless, careless, restless, endless. -ful: youthful, wonderful, thoughtful, successful, doubtful, painful, peaceful, mouthful, joyful, plentiful, powerful, skillful, respectful, careful, cheerful, beautiful, faithful, fearful, grateful, harmful, hateful, handful, fruitful, graceful, helpful, hopeful. -ous: poisonous, precautious, prosperous, religious, anxious, conscious, humorous, dangerous, vigorous, zealous, various, victorious, nervous, numerous, mysterious, continuous, curious, glorious. -ant/-ent: independent, important, pleasant, resident, significant, silent, absent, emergent, efficient, evident, ignorant, consistent, confident, sufficient, patient, innocent, convenient, different, intelligent. -ary: imaginary, revolutionary, auxiliary, elementary, voluntary, secondary. -ive: impressive, progressive, productive, protective, relative, representative, respective, sensitive, active, attractive, attentive, captive, effective, explosive, extensive, excessive, executive, expensive, objective, successive, negative, positive, intensive, creative, conservative. -ic：magnetic, systematic, terrific, sympathetic, specific, pessimistic, organic, mechanic, economic, dramatic, republic, academic, atmospheric, artistic, dynamic, electric, electronic, enthusiastic, heroic. -ish: selfish, foolish, childish -ar: regular, circular典型副词后缀（-ly）以-ly结尾的副词大多表示方式以-ly结尾的副词少数表示： 程度：extremely, slightly时间：presently, briefly, weekly 地点：locally, internationally以-ly结尾的副词列举： Absolutely, accordingly, actually, awfully, badly, basically, gently, heavily, instantly, mainly, newly, occasionally, permanently, properly, rarely, recently, roughly, separately, simply, solely, wholly, shortly, seriously, sharply, really, quickly, previously, presently, originally, obviously, mostly, lonely largely, helpfully, generally, definitely, continually, continuously, consequently, certainly, carefully, deadly, directly, easily, exclusively, extremely, especially, frequently, helplessly, lively, mechanically, naturally, partially, perfectly, possibly, practically, regularly, readily, secondly, severely, slightly, softly, similarly, scarcely, respectively, repeatedly, rapidly, probably, partly, particularly, normally, merely, lightly, immediately, gradually, greatly, fortunately, finally, eventually, exactly, exceedingly, specially, successfully, sufficiently, strictly, strongly, surprisingly, surely, thirdly, truly, ultimately, virtually, weekly, monthly, widely, yearly, bitterly, clearly, closely, highly, purely, sadly, safely, slowly. 历年真题浏览2002年1. (like) I have a for studying and would rather play football.2. (expect) There was an two-hour delay because of the bad weather.3. (fair) Though he felt it to punish only him, he could do nothing about it. 4. (lead) Attracted by a advertisement in the newspaper, a great number of people bought the new brand of wine and became seriously sick.5. (rich) Many foreign words and phrases have the English language.6. (origin) My plan was to become a scientist but I didnt succeed.7. (observe) After two months careful the two scientists came to quite different conclusions.8. (profit) Collecting stamps can be more than a hobby. It can be a business.9. (instinct) The fact that many people have an dread of snakes puzzles scientists.10. (energy) An effort on the part of all members will ensure the success of our plan. 2005年1. Correct (decide) came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second.2. The first phase involved the (preserve) of wild life through laws and hunting regulations.3. You dont have to be (religion) to respect other peoples religion.4. Since competition is viewed as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, (competition) business institutions are respected.5. She is always to help others. (will)6. (origin), she was a very shy person.7. Look! That little boy is (real) a gifted boy. 2006年1. It is (scientific) to think that science can solve all the problems for human beings.2. I dont think it wise to teach students of different (able) in the same class.3. She was engaged in an (argue) with Roberts about equal pay for men and women.4. The professor has a large (collect) of books.5. The (excited) crowd rushed into the mayors office.6. After he finished the assignment, he found some (addition) exercises to do.7. These methods are (effect) in English teaching.8. The whole world looks upon the rapid (economy) development of our country as a great wonder.9. If you read the paper (care), I am sure you will pass the exam. 2007年1. Many foreign words and phrases have the English language. (rich)2. These activities help to greatly the ties among the club members. (strong)3. All the men were under heavy working day and night. (press)4. In our , the laboring people are masters of country. (social) 5. His stories written in her later years were not interesting because of his of imagination. (poor)6. As a college student, you shou