【决战2010年12月四级】大学英语四级考试押题试卷 (2).pdf

决战2010年12月四级 大学英语四级考试押题试卷 含答案 Part Writing Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an application for the assistant librarian inyour school You should write at least 150 words following theoutline given below 1 介绍你的姓名 班级 专业等基本信息 2 列举你的优点 证明你能胜任此职位 3 表明你对此工作的热情 渴望得到锻炼的机会 An Application fortheAssistant Librarian 这道题您没有回答 答案 范文 An Application fortheAssistant Librarian Dear librarian I saw your ad on the Library Board this morning and I am very interestedinthe post as an assistant librarian My name is Jack and I am a sophomoreinthe Department of International Journalism I comefrom the city of Tianjin Currently I am looking for a chanceto enrich my spare time for I can finish my courseassignment with ease In last semester I have taken the computer courseand get command of Microsoft Officeand other useful software As majoringinInternational Journalism I thinkitis important for me to communicate with a variety of people So I can put my communication skills acquiredinclass into practice and make many friendsinthe library In addition I am patient open minded and warm hearted which I believe is the crucial requirement forthis position Thanks for your kind consideration My dorm phone number is 010 12345678 and I m looking forward to your early reply Yours sincerely Jack 写作点拨 本文要求写一篇求职信 主要目的是向负责招聘的人介绍自己 使他信服自己能够胜任所申 请职位 在布局上 根据题目中给出的提纲来展开即可 第一段介绍自己的姓名 班级 专业 等基本信息 同时向面试者表明自己对此职位有意向 第二段说明你具备的优点能够胜任此职 位 第三段表明对招聘人的感谢 留下具体的联系方式 如电话 传真 电子邮件或通讯地址 等 但最好不要在作文中出现自己的真实信息 Part Reading Comprehension Skimming and Scanning Directions In this part you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1 For questions 1 7 choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D For questions 8 10 complete the sentences with the information giveninthe passage Don t Destroy theEssential Catalyst of Risk Since the spring and most acutely this autumn a global contagion 传染 of fear and panic has choked offthe arteries of finance compounding abroader deteriorationinthe global economy Financial institutions have an obligation to the broader financial system We depend on a healthy well functioning system but wefailed to raise enough questions about whether some of the trends and practices that had becomecommonplacereally served thepublic s long term interests Seven important lessons As policymakers and regulators begin to consider the regulatory actions to be taken to address the fallings I believeitis useful to reflect on someof the lessons fromtiffs crisis The first is that risk management should not be entirely predicated on historical data In the past several months wehave heard the phrase multiple standard deviation events more than a few times If events that were calculated to occur oncein20 yearsinfact occurred much more regularly itdoes not take a mathematician to figure out that risk management assumptions did not reflect the distribution of the actual outcomes Our industry must do more to enhance and improve scenario analysis and stress testing Second too many financial institutions and investors simply outsourced their risk management Rather than undertake their own analysis they relied on the rating agencies to do the essential work of risk analysis for them This was true at the inception 初期 and over the period of the investment during which time they did not consider other indicatorsof financial deterioration This over dependenceon credit ratings coincided with thedilution of the desired triple A rating In January 2008 there were 12 triple A rated companiesinthe world Atthe same time there were 64 000 structured finance instruments such as collateralized debt obligations rated triple A It is easy and appropriate to blame the rating agencies for lapsesintheir credit judgments But the blame for the result is not theirs alone Every financial institution that participatedinthe process has to accept its shareof the responsibility Third size matters For example whether you owned 5 billion or 50 billion of supposedly low risk super senior debtina CDO the likelihood of losses was proportionally the same But the consequencesof amiscalculation were obviously much biggerifyou had a 50 billion exposure Fourth many risk models incorrectly assumed that positions could be fully hedged After the collapse of Long Term Capital Management mid the crisisinemerging marketsin1998 new products such as various basket indices and credit default swaps were created to help offset a number of risks However wedid not as an industry consider carefully enough the possibility that liquidity would dry up makingitdifficult to apply effective hedges Fifth risk models failed to capture the risk inherentinoff balance sheet activities such as structured investment vehicles It seems clear now that managers of companies with large off balance sheet exposure did not appreciate the full magnitude of the economic risks they were exposed to equally worrying their counterparties were unaware of thefullextent of these vehicles and therefore could not accurately assess therisk of doing business Sixth complexity got the better of us The industryletthe growthinnew instruments outstrip 超 过 the operational capacity to manage them As a result operational risk increased dramatically and tiffs had a direct effect on the overall stability of the financial system Last and perhaps most important financial institutions did not account for asset values accurately enough I have heard someargue that fair value accounting which assigns current values to financial assets and liabilities is one of the main factors exacerbating 使恶 化 the credit crisis I seeit differently If more institutions had properly valued their positions and commitments at the outset they would have beenina much better position to reducetheir exposures Fair value adiscipline for financial institutions The daily marking of positions to current market prices was a key contributor to our decision to reduce risk relatively earlyinmarkets andininstruments that were deteriorating This process can be difficult and sometimes painful but I believeitis a discipline that should define financial institutions As a result of these lessons and others that will emerge from this financial crisis we should consider important principles for our industry for policymakers and for regulators For the industry wecannot let our ability to innovate exceed our capacity to manage Given the size and interconnected nature of markets the growthinvolumes the global nature of trades and their cross asset characteristics managing operational risk will only becomemore important Risk and control functions need to be completely independent from the business units And clarity as to whom risk and control managers report to is crucial to maintaining that independence Equally important risk managers need to have at least equal stature with their counterparts on the trading desks ifthere is a question about the value of a position or a disagreement about a risk limit the risk manager s view should always prevail Understandably compensation continues to generate alotof anger and controversy Werecognize that having troubled asset relief programme money creates an important context for compensation That is why inpart our executive management team elected not to receive a bonusin2008 even though the firm produced a profit More generally we should apply basic standards to how we compensate peopleinour industry The percentage of the discretionary 任意的 bonus awardedinequity should increase significantly as an employee s total compensation increases An individual s performance should be evaluated over time so as to avoid excessive risk taking To ensure this allequity awards need to be subject to future delivery and or deferred exercise Senior executive officers should be required to retain most of the equity they receive at least until they retire while equity delivery schedules should continue to apply after the individual has left the firm Limitations of self regulation For policymakers and regulators itshould be clear that self regulation has its limits We rationalized and justified the downward pricing of risk on the grounds thatitwas different We did so because our self interestinpreserving and expanding our market share as competitors sometimes blinds us especially when exuberance is at its peak At the very least fixing a system wide problem elevating standards or driving the industry to a collective response requires effective central regulation and theconvening power of regulators Capital credit and underwriting standards should be subject to more dynamic regulation Regulators should consider the regulatory inputs and outputs needed to ensurea regime that is nimble and strong enough to identify and appropriately constrain market excesses particularlyina sustained period of economic growth Just as the Federal Reserve adjusts interest rates up to curb economic frenzy various benchmarks and ratios could be appropriately calibrated To increase overall transparency and help ensure that book value really means book value regulators should require that allassets across financial institutions be similarly valued Fair value accounting gives investors more clarity with respect to balancesheet risk The level of global supervisory co ordination and communication should reflect the global interconnectedness of markets Regulators should implement more robust information sharing and harmonized disclosure coupled with a more systemic effective reporting regime for institutions and main market participants Without this regulators will lack essential tools to help them understand levels of systemic vulnerabilityinthe banking sector andinfinancial markets morebroadly In this vein allpools of capital that depend on the smooth functioning of the financial system and are large enough to be aburden onitina crisis should be subject to somedegree of regulation 1 Which organization should beresponsible forproper operation of the broader financial system A Commercial banks B Financial institutions C Theministry of finance D TheWallStreet 这道题您没有回答 回答错误 答案 B 定位 由题干中的be responsible for proper operation of the broader financial system可以定位到第 二段第一句Financial institutions have an obligation to thebroader financial system 精解 题干中的be responsible for和定位句中的have an obligation to属于同义转述 都表示 对 负责 结合定位句和题干 可知本题答案为B 2 In order to comprehensively reflect the state of economy we must research deeply to enhance and improve A scenario analysis and stress testingB risk management assumptions C prediction on financial riskD multiple standard deviation events 这道题您没有回答 回答错误 答案 A 定位 根据题干中的comprehensively reflect the state of economy 和 research deeply to enhance and improve可以定位到第一个小标题下第二段最后一句Our industry must do moreto enhance and improve scenario analysis and stresstesting 精解 定位句中讲到必须加强和改善情景模拟分析和压力测试 而该段阐述了风险管理不能完 全依靠历史数据来预测 并指出了历史数据预测的局限性 不能反映经济的真实结果分布 因 此应加强scenario analysis and stress testing研究以反映经济最真实的分布 所以本题答案为A 3 Many financial institutions and investorsusually perform risk analysis by A undertaking themselvesB third party agencies C outsourcing to rating agenciesD risk management institutions 这道题您没有回答 回答错误 答案 C 定位 由题干中的Many financial institutions and investors和perform risk analysis可以定位到第一 个小 标题下 第三段 第一 二句 Second too many financial institutions and investors simply outsourced their risk management Rather than undertake their own analysis they relied on therating agencies to do theessential work of risk analysis for them 精解 由定位句可知大多金融机构和投资者只是将他们的风险管理外包给风险评级机构 而不 是自己进行分析 故本题答案为C 4 What was theconsequenceof an over relianceon credit ratings A Increasing tripleAcompanies B Declining trustworthiness on rating agencies C Deficiencyincredit judgments D Collapse of financial institutions 这道题您没有回答 回答错误 答案 B 定位 由题干中的田lover reliance on credit ratings定位到第一个小标题下第四段第一句This over dependenceon credit ratings coincided with thedilution of the desired tripleA rating 精解 题干中的an over reliance on credit ratings与原文中的over dependence on credit ratings属于 同义转述 文中的dilution意思是 稀释 冲淡 定位句意为 这种对信用评级的过度依赖会降低 他们渴望的3A评级的可信性 由此可知本题答案为B 5 When the Long Term Capital Management wasdisintegrated the products initiated to counterweigh risks were A various basket indices and credit default swapsB hedge fund and forward rate agreements C credit linked notesD current swaps and rates swaps 这道题您没有回答 回答错误 答案 A 定位 由题干中的the Long Term Capital Management 和 initiated to counterweigh risks可以定位 到文章的第一个小标题下的第六段第二句After the collapse of Long Term Capital Management and the crisisinemerging marketsin1998 new products such as various basket indices and credit default swaps were created to help offset anumber of risks 精解 题干中的disintegrated和文章中的collapse具有相同的意思 文章中的be created to和题干 中的initiated to属于同义词 文章中的offset和题干中的counterweigh都有 抵消 平衡 的意思 分析文章可知 new products指的就是such as所引入的部分 即various basket indices and credit default swaps 所以本题答案为A 6 Operational risks caused by comparatively weakened operational capacity on increasing new instruments have influenceon A the operating income of companiesB thecapability to withstand risks C the structure of companies assetsD theoverall stability of the financial system 这道题您没有回答 回答错误 答案 D 定位 由题干中的Operational risks weakened operational capacity 和 have influence on定位到第 一个小标题下的第八段第二 三句The industry let the growthinnew instruments outstrip 超过 the operational capacity to manage them As a result operational risk increased dramatically and this had a direct effect on theoverall stability of the financial system 精解 定位句中的havea direct effect on和题干中的have influenceon属于同义转换 所以其后所 跟的 the overall stability of thefinancial system即是本题的答案所在 故本题答案为D 7 Theauthor believes that financial institutions can reducecredit crisisif A positions and commitments were initially assessed precisely B asset values were accounted for properly C financial liabilities wereassigned precisely D positions were valued fairly 这道题您没有回答 回答错误 答案 A 定位 由题干中的financial institutions can reducecredit crisis定位到第一个小标题下的第九段最 后一句 If moreinstitutions had properly valued their positions and commitments at the outset they would have beeninamuch better position to reducetheir exposures 精解 该段首先提到信贷危机 接着最后一句指出 如果更多的机构一开始就正确评估他们的头 寸和义务 他们将会置身于减少风险敞口的更好处境 由此可知本题答案为A 8 The risk managers should be authorized to make the final decision when they disagree with business managers on 这道题您没有回答 答案 risk limit 定位 根据题干中的the risk managers should be authorized to make the final decision可以定位到 第二个小标题下的第三段最后一句Equally important risk managers need to have at least equal staturewith their counterparts on the trading desks ifthere is a question about the value of a position or a disagreement about arisk limit the risk manager s view should always prevail 精解 该段主要讲述risk managers 和 business managers的关系 最后一句中的prevail有 占优 势 盛行 的意思 即当risk managers与business managers在risk limit有分歧时 应当具有拍板的 权力 分析题干 空白处要填入的内容为risk managers与business managers的分歧 所以应填入 risk limit 9 Before asenior executive officer retired fromhis company hehas an obligation to 这道题您没有回答 答案 retain most of the equity 定位 由题干中的senior executive officer retired from his company定位到第二个小标题下的第五 段最后一句Senior executive officers should be required to retain most of the equity they receive at least until they retire while equity delivery schedules should continue to apply after the individual has left the firm 精解 定位句讲到在senior executive officers退休之前 他们被要求保有大部分所获股权 这恰 好与题干相符 也就是senior executive officers的义务 所以本题应填入的内容是retain most of the equity 10 Due to the deficiency of information sharing and harmonized disclosure regulators can t easily understand levels of systemic vulnerabilityin 这道题您没有回答 答案 the banking sector and financial markets 定位 由题干中的information sharing and harmonized disclosure和levels of systemic vulnerability 定位到第三个小标题下第三段第二 三句Regulators should implement more robust information sharing and harmonized disclosure coupled with a more systemic effective reporting regime for institutions and main market participants Without this regulators will lack essential tools to help them understand levels of systemic vulnerabilityinthe banking sector andinfinancial markets more broadly 精解 题干的意思是 由于缺少信息共享和统一披露 监管机构不能很好地理解 方面的系统 缺陷 其中 题干中的deficiency与定位句中的without this意思相近 都表示 缺少 缺失 原 文中用without this连接前后两个句子 形成条件关系 与题干中的因果关系属于同义转换 因 此 只要找到in后面的成分即可 所以thebanking sector and financial markets就是本题答案 Part Listening Comprehension SectionA Directions In this section you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations At the end of each conversation one or more questions will be asked about what was said Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once After each question there will be a pause During the pause you must read the four choices marked A B C and D and decide which is the best answer Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre Questions 11 to 18 are based on theconversation you have just heard 语音播放语音下载 11 A Their favorite movie B Their hobbies C Thelatest film D Their favorite DVD 这道题您没有回答 回答错误 答案 A 听力原文 M Out ofallthe movies that I ve seen I think If You Are the One is the funniest one I couldn t keep from laughing throughout the whole movie W That s exactly how I felt I was laughing the whole time and my stomach muscles hurt afterwards Q What are they talking about 听前猜测 根据四个选项中的关键词favorite hobbies film DVD推测本题考查爱好 而且很 有可能和电影有关 精解 对话中 男士说他认为 非诚勿扰 是他看过的最搞笑的电影 看电影的时候他一直在 笑 女士回答说她也是如此 看完电影后她的胃都疼了 由此可见整个对话都是围绕IfYouAre the One这部电影而展开的 故本题答案为A 12 A In an office B At the woman s home C Viathe Internet D On thetelephone 这道题您没有回答 回答错误 答案 D 听力原文 M Okay Jane you see I need to talk to your dad Could you take a message for meand giveitto him as soon as hegets back It svery urgent W Yeah May I ask who is calling please Q Where arethey talking 听前猜测 四个选项都是介宾短语表示地点 故推测本题考查谈话者所在的地方或者某事发生 的地点 精解 对话中 男士问女士是否可以替他带个口信 女士回答说Yeah May I ask who is calling please 显然 他们俩是在通电话 故本题答案为D 13 A Earlyinthemorning B At noon C In theafternoon D Lateinthe night 这道题您没有回答 回答错误 答案 D 听力原文 W Dad can you read this book to me It sabout a bear a