2009年职称英语教材完型填空新增部分.doc

2009年职称英语教材完型填空新增部分(综合类)Gun Rights in the USImmediately after the shooting at Virginia Tech University, Americans gathered to mourn the dead. The president and the state governor both hurried there to share the1. But themajority of Americans still cling to their right to2weapons.Strictly speaking, the US is not the only country3gun violence has destroyedlives, families and communities in everyday circumstance. But the US is one ofthe4countries that seems unwilling and politically incapable of doing anything seriousto stop it.In countries like Britain and Canada, the government adopted stricter5 controlsoon after serious gun violence incidents. US leaders, however, are held 6by the gunlobby and the electoral system.The powerful National Rifle Association, the major supporter of gun7in the US,is too strong for any party to take on. Most Republicans oppose gun controls anyway.8the years; the Democrats have found that they can either campaign for gun control or win power,not9; they prefer power.According to the US Bureau of Justice Statistics, firearm incidents accounted10 nine percent of the 4.7 million violent crimes in 2005. So, although opinion polls show most Americans want stricter gun laws, many dont want to give up their arms they11to protect themselves.Dave Hancock, a Virginia gun lover, is one example. In an interview he said. If oneprofessor in Virginia incident had been carrying a legal weapon they might have been ableto12all this. In his opinion, the massacre is an argument for more people to carryweapons, not fewer.But at the root of Americans clinging to the fight to bear arms is not just a fear of crime,but a mistrust of13, commented UKs Guardian newspaper.One Virginia resident, who had a permit to carry a concealed firearm, told the Guardian thatit was14Americans responsibility to have a gun.Each person, he said, should not rely solely15the government forprotection.词汇：mourn v.致哀lobby n.院外活动集团electoral adj.选举的firearm n.火器massacre n./v.大屠杀练习：1. A) ceremony B) funeral C) tears D) grief2. A) make B) own C) destroy D) trade3. A) while B) which C) where D) that4. A) few B) some C) much D) little5. A) rifle B) knife C) bullet D) gun6. A) prisoner B) hostage C) person D) home7. A) fire B) attacks C) rights D) violence8. A) Over B) Since C) Till D) Until9. A) both B) either C) each D) one10. A) of B) off C) for D) out11. A) hide B) buy C) sell D) keep12. A) control B) stop C) handle D)treat13. A) government B) guards C) students D) professors14. A) many B) few C) every D) all15. A) on B) in C) at D) from答案与题解：1.D “share the grief”是“同悲”。share是“跟他人拥有同样的情感”的意思。整个句子说的是，总统和州长两人都赶到那里跟大家一样悲痛。2.B 这四个选项填入后，四个句子在句法和语义上都是成立的。但是，从整个文章来考察，只有“0wn”是合适的选择，全文主要讨论美国公民是否有权拥有枪支。3.C 该句子的从句本身是一个完整的事件，如果还要附加一些东西的话，只能是事件发生的地点，因此用“where”。整个句子说的是：严格说来，美国是唯一一个每天都会发生枪支暴力摧毁生命、家庭和社区的国家。4.A “But”引入的命题跟上一个句子表达的命题构成反比，因此需用“few”。5.D 本文讨论枪支，因此“knife”和“bullet”可以排除。“rilfe”是来复枪，即步枪“gun”是枪支，比“rifle”的覆盖面大，因此用“gun”是对的。6.B “to be held hostage”是“扣为人质”。整个句子说的是：然而，美国领导人受制于枪支院外活动集团和选举制度。7.C 本文讨论的就是“枪支拥有权”，因此填入“rights”是对的。这个句子有点难。“take Oil”是“斗争”。整个句子说的是：强大的国家来复枪协会，是美国枪支拥有权的主要支持者，它太强大了，没有一个政党敢于跟它斗争的。8.A “the years”是一段时间。“0ver”表示“跨越”，因此在语义上是协调的。合起就是“在过去的一些年里”。“since”起始的时间状语也是一个段时间状语，但是它要求出现的是一个时间点，如2001年，指从2001年到现在。因此“0ver”是对的。9.A 特别提请注意的是：对于“(either)or”的意义语言学家是有争议的，一种意见认为“0r”是不兼容的，另一种意见认为“0r”是兼容的。所谓不兼容，就是说，要么是“gun control”，要么是“win power”，而不可能是“gun control and win power”;所谓兼容，就是，“gun control”、“win power”和“gun control and win power”这三种情况都可以。可以看出，在本文作者看来，“0r”是兼容的，所以才有后一句话：not both(不是二者兼有)。10.C “account”作动词时，后面跟“for”。11.D 此处应该用一个状态动词，只有“keep”是状态动词。12.B “stop”在这里是最合适的词。整个句子说的是：在一次专访中他说，如果弗吉尼亚事件中有位教授带了一支合法的枪支的话，他们就有可能阻止所有这一切的发生。13.A “mistrust”是“不信任”。14.C “very”和“all”意思相近，但“every”是对的，因为“American”用的是单数。15.A “rely”和“on”是固定搭配。Freezing to Death for BeautyPeople in Beijing wear a lot of clothing during winter to fend off the cold. In the United States, however, people wear1, partly because the car is the primary mode oftransportation. Cars take2straight to their workplaces, which are heated well. The American diet is full of calories, so their3can afford to burn heat more quickly.Fewer layers of clothing give people the opportunity to stay4.Lots of Yale girls wear skirts5when its 10 degrees Centigrade outside. Some of them at least wearboots, tights, and leg-warmers1. Some, however, really just go for the look6the risk ofhealth2. These girls have nothing to prevent their legs7the wind, and no socks toprotect their feet. A mini skirt and a pair of stilettos are all that they wear.Typically, the ones pursuing fashion are8, with little body fat. Just by the natureof their bodies, they are already at a disadvantage compared with normal people in9weather. I have always10, whenever I pass these girls, how they manage to refrainfrom shivering and just smile like spring had arrived3.And then there are the guys. The girls can be said to11health for beauty. Butwhy do guys12so little? It is not like, once they shed some layers, they suddenlybecome better-looking. They are not exactly being fashionable when they13 wearsporty shorts and shower slippers in the midst of winter. Its not cute.Of course, people have the freedom to look whatever14hey want. I am justsurprised that, given the vast difference between winter and summer temperatures in Connecticut,they can still15like they are partying on the beach in the middle of February.词汇：fend v.抵御mode n.方式Centigrade adj.摄氏温度的tights n.裤袜stiletto n.细高跟鞋shed v.脱掉sporty adj.花哨的cute adj.喜人的注释：1.1eg-warmers暖腿套。2.Some，however, really just go for the look at the risk of heath.然而，有些真是只是为了漂亮而牺牲健康。注意：“go for”是“选择”的意思，因此“go for the look”是“选择漂亮”。3.I have always wondered，whenever I pass these girls，how they manage to refrain from shivering and just smile like spring had arrived.每当我走过这些女孩的时候，我总是想，她们怎么能做得到不哆嗦，并且还能带着似乎春天已经来临的微笑。“like spring had arrived”是反事实条件句。练习：1. A) scarce B) less C) little D) least2. A) people B) students C) shoppers D) them3. A) arms B) heads C) legs D) bodies4. A) bony B) thin C) fashionable D) hungry5. A) even B) sometimes C) frequently D) occasionally6. A) in B) for C) at D) on7. A) with B) against C) above D) under8. A) fat B) ugly C) short D) skinny9. A) warm B) cold C) cool D) hot10. A) dreamed B) stated C) claimed D) wondered11. A) sacrifice B) devote C) suffer D) endure12. A) bear B) carry C) wear D) put on13. A) only B) seldom C) rarely D) hardly14. A) method B) road C) way D) avenue15. A) see B) resemble C) show D) look答案与题解：1.B 上一个句子说北京人冬天要穿许多衣服以抵御寒冷。这后一个句子是跟上一个句子做比较，因此要用“little”的比较级形式“less”。2.D 把“people”填入后生成的句子同样是正确的，但是跟前一个句子放在一起时是不连贯的。这是因为在前一个句子中已经有了一个“people”。“them”是一个代词，代词的作用就是照应，这也就是为什么语言中需要代词。在这个句子中“them”就是照应前面的“people”。3.D “body”是“身体”，指人的物质结构。是“身体”产生热。4.C “stay”是系动词，跟形容词连用，说明某种状态的存在。四个选项都是形容词，但只有“fashionable”是最佳选择。如果“穿得少”是一种时尚的话，那么只穿几件衣服当然是很时髦的。填入“bony”、“thin”、“hungry”在语义上句子都是不成立的，因为一种“瘦(bony/thin)的状态”是营养差、节食或疾病造成的，跟穿多少衣服没有关系。“保持饥饿状态”跟穿衣服也没有关系。5.A “Fewer layers of clothing give people the opportunity to stay fashionable.”是主题句。跟在主题句后面的句子是对这一命题的证明，这就需要有具体的事实。“even”诱发的是一组可能性，而它引入的词语所指的可能性是在这一组可能性中最最不容易发生的。尽管如此，它还是发生了。这样的证据是非常有力的。因此“even”是最佳选择。6.C “at the risk of health”是“有损健康的危险”。什么词跟什么介词连用有时候是没有道理的，所有需要死记硬背。7.B “prevent”是“防止”，跟“against”连用。8.D 该问题问：典型的追求时髦的人是什么样的人?“丑”(ugly)和“矮个”(short)显然跟追求时髦没有关系。有关系的是“fat”(胖)和“skinny”(瘦/皮包骨)。“fat”可以排除，因为它跟后面的“with little body fat”相矛盾。因此只有“skinny”是正确的选择。9.B 四个选项都是有关不同温度的天气。由于本文讨论的主题是“为了漂亮冻得要死”，因此合适的选项是“cold”。10.D 这四个动词后面都可以跟从句，但只有“wondered”可以跟疑问从句。11.A “sacrifice health for beauty”是“为了漂亮而牺牲健康”。中英语表达差不多。12.C “wear”和“put on”翻成中文都是“穿”的意思。前者是状态动词;后者由于其动作能瞬间完成而不具备延续性，因此不可能表达某种状态。而这个句子表达的完全是一种状态，因此“wear”是合适的选择。13.A 前面句子讲到男人脱掉几层衣服并不突然显得更好看，那么下面的句子应该进一步具体化，因此用“only”是对的。填入该词后，句子说的是“当他们仅仅穿着花哨的短裤和洗澡用的拖鞋时在确切意义上并不显得更时髦”。14.C “way”有多种意思，包括“道路”、“途经”、“方向”、“方法”、“方式”、“样子”等。整个句子说的是：当然，人们有选择自己外表样子的自由。15.D just like是“好像是”。整个句子说的是：我只是觉得惊讶，在康涅狄格州冬夏温度相差很大的情况下，他们仍然看上去像似在二月中旬的海滩上聚会。13.B must：必须;might：可能have to：必须;should：应该。女人根据男人的特征选择伴侣这只是一个因素，因此下结论应该留有余地，用might是比较合适的。14.A show：显出;tell：告诉;state：陈述;say：说。除shown之外，told、stated或said填入后生成的句子都是错的。15.B spouse：配偶;fan：狂热仰慕者;partner：配偶;mate：伴侣。我们的世界知识告诉我们，任何人都不可能有数百万的配偶，所以只有fans是合适的选择。New IdeasIcelands President Olafur Grimsson is trying to drive carbon dioxide1 underground to1its release into the air.Over the next two years, a team of scientists will try to2carbon dioxide-chargedwater2 into the rock underground. Scientist theory says this should work3. The CO2 will reactwith the rock to form a stable mineral that remains in the3for millions of years.If the experiment succeeds, Iceland could give the world a new4to reduce CO2 emissions.Sigurdur Gislason, a university professor in Iceland, says his country has an5over other countries: We have enormous amounts of clean6and a small society.You can do experiments here that you cant do anywhere else.In an attempt to cut back on the use of air conditioners during summer, the Japanesegovernment in 20057a campaign to keep office temperatures at 28C degrees insummer. Men were also encouraged to change business suits for8wear. In otherwords, no more ties.The9is meant to show the governments resolve to achieve Japans target ofreducing greenhouse gas emissions by 6 percent, said Chief Cabinet Secretary Hiroyuki Hosoda.The10has cut an estimated 79,000 tons of carbon dioxide gas emissions each year.As the countrys 2005 Energy Policy Act11into force this year, moreAmericans will be encouraged to use12cars and energy sources.According to the new law, those who buy hybrid cars such as the Toyota Prius can earn taxcredits; or rebates, of13to $2,600 a year. Homemakers can also save when theyrenovate, claiming tax rebates14 up to $500 simply by fitting their homes withenergy-saving insulation. If they.15in solar water heating, the payoff at tax time isequal to 30 percent of the appliances cost or a maximum of $2,000.词汇：dioxide n.二氧化物greenhouse n.温室hybrid adj.混合homemaker n.主妇rebate n.退款insulation n.绝缘注释：1. carbon dioxide二氧化碳2.carbon dioxide.charged water充满了二氧化碳的水3.Scientist theory says this should work.科学家的理论说这样做应该行得通。work是“行得通”或“有效的”意思。练习：1 A) reduce B) narrow C) interrupt D) interfere2 A) spread B) splash C) inject D) flow3 A) air B) rock C) water D) soil4 A) era B) period C) page D) way5 A) merit B) benefit C) profit D) advantage6 A) oil B) energy C) gas D) solar-power7 A) mounted B) called C) opened D) held8 A) decent B) formal C) casual D) fashionable9 A) pledge B) move C) promise D) statementl0 A) campaign B) war C) activity D) movell A) makes B) takes C) bring D) comes12 A) fast B) cheap C) expensive D) environment-friendly13 A) under B) up C) on D) from14 A) putting B) worth C) building D) buying15 A) spend B) give C) invest D) donate答案与题解：1.A “reduce its release”是“减排”。整个句子说的是：冰岛总统Olafur Grimsson为了减少二氧化氮排放到大气中正试图把它们注入地下。2.C 整个句子说的是：在未来的两年里，一组科学家将尝试把充满了二氧化氮的水注入到岩石层。“injectinto”是“把注入到”。3.B 前面出现了“the rock ground”，因此填“rock”。整个句子说的是：二氧化氮跟岩石相互作用会形成一种稳定的矿物质，在岩石中可以呆上几百万年。4.D 选项“era”、“period”和“page”很有迷惑性，但它们要求的动词是不一样的。如可以说“usher in anew era”(开创了一个新纪元)等。5.D 由于不定冠词“an”发音的关系要求后面的名词的起始音是元音。6.B“energy”是“oil”、“gas”和“solar-power”的上位词，因此是最佳的选择。7.C 本段讲为了在夏天减少使用空调日本政府在2005年发起了一场夏天办公室的温度保持在摄氏28度的运动。“mounted a campaign”是“发动了一场运动”的意思，也可说“launched a campaign”。8.C “business suites”是“公务服”。“公务服”比较正式，往往指“西服”。穿西服当然会很热。因此“decent”(像样的)和“formal” (正式的)不可能是合适的选择。“fashionable”(时髦的)衣服本身并没有说清楚是否凉快。因此正确地选择是“casual”(随便的)。9.B 日本政府已经发起了一场运动，因此这不是一种“保证”(pledge)、“许诺”(promise) 或“声明”(statement)。所以唯一合适的选择是“行动”(move)。整个句子说的是：所采取的行动是表明政府为了达到日本减排6%的温室气体的目标的决心。10.A “campaign”和“move”前面都出现过，似乎都可以。这两个词在前面出现时的语境是“a campaign”和“the move”。注意：用不定冠词说明是新信息，用定冠词或代词说明是旧信息。一种信息第二次出现时就是旧信息，因此“campaign”第二次出现时可以说“the campaign”，也可以用“it”：由于“move”本来就是指“campaign”的，本来就是信息，再次出现时，应用“it”比“the move”跟好些。11.D “come into force”是“生效”的意思，是固定的说法。词是需要一个个记的。一种固定的说法，它的意义就相当于一个词的意义，因此也需要死记硬背。12.D “environment.friendly”是“对环境不造成太多问题的”意思。整个句子说的是：随着国家的2005年的能源政策法令在今年生效，这必将鼓励更多的美国人使用对环境不会造成太多影响的车和能源。13.B “up to$2，600 a year”是“一年最多可达到2，600美元”。14.B “worth up to$500”是“最多值500美元。15.C “spend”需要有宾语，所以不合适。Improve Computer-research SkillsLike many college students, Jose Juarez carries around a pocket-sized computer that lets him watch movies, surf the Interact and text-message his friends1.Hes part of Generation M - those born after 1985 who1up connected to everything from video game to cellphones.For us, its everyday life, said Juarez, 18, a freshman2California StateUniversity at Sacramento (CSUS).3,educators are now saying that not all Generation M-ers can synthesize the pilesof information theyre accessing.Theyre geeky2, but they dont know what to4with their geekdom, saidBarbara OConnor, a Sacramento State communications studies professor who has been involvedin a nationwide5to improve students computer-research skills.In a recent nationwide test to6their technological literacy their ability to usethe Interact to complete class assignments - only 49 percent correctly evaluated a set of Websites for objectivity, authority and timeliness. Only 35 per centcould correctly narrow an overly7Internet search.About 130 Sacramento State students, including Juarez, participated in the experimentaltest,8to 6,300 college students across the country.The hour-long assessment test is conducted by Educational Testing Service. It is aweb-based scavenger hunt3(拾荒游戏)9simulated Interact search engines andacademic databases that spit out purposely misleading information.Theyre very good at10in and using the Internet, but dont always understandwhat they get back, said Linda Goff, head of instructional services for the CSUS library.You see an open search box, you type in a few words and you11the button, saidGoff, who is involved in the testing.They take at face value4 12shows up at the top of the list as the best stuff.Educators say that these sloppy research skills are troubling.We look at that as a foundational skill, in the same way we13 math and Englishas a foundational skill, said Lorie Roth, assistant vice-chancellor for academic programmes inthe CSU5 system.Measuring how well students can sort the good14the bad on the Internet hasbecome a higher priority for CSU, Roth said.CSU is considering15a mandatory assessment test on technological literacy forall freshmen, much as it has required English and math placement tests since the 1980s.Students in freshman seminars at Sacramento State were asked to take the test early in thesemester and were expected to finish another round this week to measure their improvement.词汇：surf v.浏览cellphone n.手机geeky adj.与网络交往的scavenger n.拾荒者sloppy adj.马虎的mandatory adj.强制性的literacy n.文化水平注释：1.textmessage his friends给朋友发信息。2.geek是“极客”。这是音译。所谓“极客”是指跟网络交往的高手。Geekdom作为一个八极客。“-dom”是后者，有多种意思，此处表示“作为的状况”。3.scavenger hunt拾荒游戏。所谓“拾荒游戏”是指在规定的时间内搜索到难以搜索的东西，以先搜到者为胜。4.take as face value是“断然接受一句话所说的(即字面意义)而不去考虑它是否还有其它的含义”。5.CSU是California State University的缩写。练习：1. A) brought B) built C) stood D