2012上海高考英语考纲.doc

考试必备2012年上海高考考试手册-英语卷一、考试性质和对象上海市英语科高考是为髙校招生而进行的选拔考试。它的指导思想是有助于髙等学校选拔新生，有助于中学实施素质教育和对学生语言综合运用能力的培养。考试对象为2012年考生。二、考试目标英语科高考旨在测试考生的英语基础知识和运用语言的能力。其中，着重语言运用能力的考核。英语基础知识包括语音、语法、词汇和语言功能。语言运用能力指获取、理解信息的能力（听、读），按情景或要求表达思想、传递信息的能力（写）。语言基础知识和听、读、写的具体测试目标为：语言基础知识主要测试考生对语言基础知识的掌握和运用能力，具体目标为：1. 能在具体语境中正确识别和理解不同语音、语调所表达的意义。2. 能在具体语境中正确识别、理解和运用语法知识。3. 能在具体语境中正确理解和运用词汇。4. 能在具体语境中正确理解和运用语言功能。 听主要测试考生理解口头英语并完成相关任务的能力，具体目标为：1. 能获取话语中的事实信息；2. 能根据事实信息进行简单的推断；3. 能理解话语中隐含的意思；4. 能归纳话语的主旨大意。.阅读主要测试考生理解书面英语并完成相关任务的能力，具体目标为：1. 能理解文章的基本内容；2. 能根据上下文正确理解词语和句子；3. 能归纳段落或文章的主旨大意；4. 能推测文章中的隐含意思；5. 能运用阅读技能完成不同文体的阅读任务。写 主要测试考生的书面表达能力，具体目标为：1. 能运用所学的语言知识译出正确通顺的句子；2. 能根据题意正确、连贯、贴切地进行书面表达。三、试卷结构英语科高考釆用笔试的方式进行。笔试试卷结构如下：卷号大题结构测试题型题量计分时间第I卷听力短对话多项选择10题24题103020分钟短文多项选择6题12长对话填空8题8语法和词汇语法多项选择16题25题1625100分钟词汇选词填空9题9阅读理解仔细阅读完形填空15题35题1550多项选择11题22简短回答4题8快速阅读配对5题5第II卷翻译单句表达中译英5题5题2020写作篇章表达指导性写作1题1题2525合计90题150120分钟四、答题要求笔试分为第I卷和第II卷两部分，要求考生在120分钟内完成。第I卷第1-16小题、第2580小题釆用多项选择题形式，答案必须涂写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。第I卷第1724小题、第8184小题的答案和第II卷的答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效。五、考试内容和要求根据上海市中小学英语课程标准（征求意见稿），确定考试内容和要求如下： 1.词汇基本参照2012年上海市教育考试院的高考英语词汇手册。 2.语法.词法(1）名词名词复数的构成、专有名词、不可数名词、名词所有格(2）代词人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、反身代词、it 的用法(3)数词基数词和序数词(4)介词常用介词和介词短语(5)形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成及基本用法、同级比较(6）冠词定冠词和不定冠词(7）连词并列连词和从属连词(8)动词 动词时态一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时、将来进行时（只作理解要求） 动词语态主动语态被动语态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时、带情态动词的被动语态） 动词语气陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气（只作理解要求） 非谓语动词分词（否定式、完成式、被动式；作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语）动名词（否定式、完成式、被动式、复合结构;作主语、宾语、表语、定语）不定式（否定式、完成式、被动式、与疑问词连用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语状语） 情态动词和助动词II.句法(1)句子种类陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句(2)句子类型简单句并列句复合句（状语从句、定语从句、宾语从句、主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句）(3) 倒装句(4)强调结构1. 语言功能（1） Greetings 问候A. Hello/Hi!Good morning/afternoon/evening!How are you?B. Hello/Hi!Good morning/afternoon/evening!Fine, thanks. And you?Please give my regards /best wishes/love to Please remember me to（2） Introductions 介绍A. This is Mr/Mrs/Miss/MsB. How do you do?Nice /Glad/ Pleased to meet you. C. How do you do?Nice /Glad/ Pleased to see/meet you, tooMy name is Im a student/doctor/ etc.(3) Farewell 告别Goodbye/Bye-Bye/Bye See you later /tomorrow/see you .Good night !Well, I must be off now .I really must be going now. (4) Thanks 感谢A. Thank you (very much ). Thanks a lot Many thanks.Thanks for Thats very kind of you.B. Not at all.You re welcome. Its a pleasure .Dont mention it .(5) Invitation 邀请A. Id like to invite you to Will you come to ？Would you like to ？How about to ?B. Yes, Id love to /like to Yes, its very kind /nice of you to Thank you. Id be glad to. C. Id like to, but Im sorry, but (6) Good wishes and congratulations 祝愿和祝贺A. Good luck ！Best wishes to you !Wish you a pleasant journey .Have a good time. Congratulations !Congratulations on your success!Happy birthday to you! Merry Christmas! Happy New Year! B. Thank you. Thank you. The same to you. Merry Christmas! Happy new year! (7 )Attracting attention 提醒, 引起注意Excuse me, (8) Requesting clarification 澄清Pardon? Please say that again. What do you mean by ?Im sorry I cant follow you Im sorry I didnt catch you (9) Identifying 辨别This/That isThese / Those are This/That is mine /yours. These / Those are mine /yours. This /That boy is my brother. These / Those girls are my classmates.(10) Reporting (including describing and narrating )报告They did /had /were He said/told me that they had done /were doing/would do(11) Correcting改正 No. He/She has no. He/She has not any. There is/are no. There is/are not any. He/She has never done/been. You/She do not. He/She does not. There is nothing.(He/She is/dose not, is/does he/she?Yes, he/she is/does.No, he/she isnt/doesnt.)(12) Asking for information 询问Ask/Do you/they.?Is he/she/that.?When/Where/Why/Which/What do you.?Whats the. like.?What day (date) is it today?Who/How.?Can/Could you tell me.?(13) Likes and dislikes 喜好和厌恶A.I like/love.(very much/best)B.I dont like. I hate.(14) Preferences 偏爱I like. better than.Id prefer.(to.)(15) Intention, want and desire 意愿和欲望 A. Im going to. Id like to. I will. I want/hope/intend/plan/wish. B. Are you going to.?Would you like to.? Do you want to.? Will you.?(16) Agreement and disagreement 同意和反对A. Yes, please. All right/O.K. Sure/Certainly/Of course. Yes, I think so. I agree with you.B. No, I dont think so. Im afraid not.Im afraid I dont/cant agree with you.(17) Ability and inability 能够和不能够I can.I cant.Im able to.Im not able/unable to.(18) Certainty and uncertainty 肯定和不肯定A. Im sure(of that). Im sure(that).B. Im not sure(of that.) Im not sure whether/if. I doubt if. I cant be certain.C. Perhaps. Maybe.(19) Obligations 职责 I/We/You/He/They must. I/We/You/He/They have to. I/We/You/He/They should/ought to.It is necessary to./that. (20) Asking for permission 请求同意及应答 A. May I.? Can/Could I.? I wonder if I could./if it is possible to. Would/Do you mind.? B. Yes/O.K. Sure/Certainly/Of course. Thats all right. Please go ahead. Not at all. Certainly not. C. Im afraid. Im sorry. Youd better not. I dont think thats possible.（21）Apologies致歉及答应A. Im (very) sorry.(Sorry) Im sorry for/about. Excuse me (for) Im apologize forB. Thats all right ./Thats O.K. It doesnt matter. Thats nothing. Dont worry. Its nothing. Never mind about that(22)Appreciation赏识Its very good/nice.Thats good idea.(23)Surprise惊奇Really?Oh dear!Is that so?(24)Pleasure喜悦Im glad/pleased toThats nice/great/wonderful(25)Concerns关心Whats worry (with you)?Whats the matter (with you)?Is there anything wrong/the matter?(26)Regret and sympathy遗憾和同情A. What a shame!What a pity!Its a pity thatB. Im sorry to Im sorry for/about(27)Requests恳求及答应A. Can/Could/Will/Would you?PleaseDont, please.No, please.B. O.KSure/Certainly/Of course Id be glad/happy to.C. Im afraidIm sorry(28)Offers 提供帮助及报答A. Can/Could/Shall I help you?What can I do for you?Let mefor youDo you want me toWould you like (to)?Would you like me tofor you?Is there anything (else) I can do for you?Would you like some?B. Yes, please.Thanks. That would be nice/fine.C. No, thanks/thank you (all/just the same) Thats very kind of you, but(29) Advice and suggestions劝告和建议A. Youd betterYou should/ought toYou need (to)I suggest that B. Shall we?LetsLets, shall we?What/How about?(30) Warnings and prohibition 警告和禁止A. Look out!Be careful!If you,youllB. DontYou cant/mustnt(31) Judgement and opinion 判断和意见A. It certainly is.I find it very interesting/enjoyable/exciting/amusing. Thats great/wonderful/too bad.B. In my opinion,It seemsSo far as I know,(32)Complaint抱怨 Could you?Why cant you?Im sorry to have said that, butI wish you wouldnt have(33) Satisfaction and dissatisfaction 满意和不满意 It couldnt be better. It was a wonderful /marvelous /great What a great success! What a disappointment!4.话题具体内容见上海市中小学英语课程标准（征求意见稿）中“基本素材”。5.体载具体内容见上海市中小学英语课程标准（征求意见稿）中“呈现形式”。 1.A. at a studio B.near a railway stationC. at the airport D.near a movie theatre 2.A.he doesnt like tea B,he doesnt want coffeeC.he prefers milk and sugar D.hes sorry for causing trouble 1.A.some engineers B.the landlord of the pub C.the former employees D.some customers of the company 2.A.three year ago B.five years ago C.last year D.this year 3.A.why a company lost its customers.B.why a company went out of business c.how a company went from bad to worse .D.how a company got our of its difficult situation.(A)TELEPHONE MESSAGEFor :sales 1 Form:name: sarah 2 Company:family shopping center Tel no : 3 Message:Could you demonstrate the new 4 at the shopping centre next week?(B)What happened to schools in England in the 1970s?Many schools became 1 Why do girls do better at single-sex Schools?They learn to be 2 and less worriedAbout their appearance.Why do boyspatents ptefer to send their Kids to mixed schools?They think girls will be 3 on boys.In what aspect do girls perform berrer Than boys?In 4 听力材料及参考答案：Section A1.M：Did you get the tickets? W: Yes,I did.Letgo in.The movie is about to start . Q: where does the converstation probably take place？本题考核目标为根据事实信息进行简单的推断。2.W:How do you take your coffee?Milk?Sugar？ M:Actually,I would prefer tea ,if it is not too much trouble. Q:What does the man mean？本题考查目标为能理解话语中隐含的意思。答案1.（D） 2.(B)Section B Five year ago I had to make a big decision.At the time I was working for a small engineering Company.However,things were not going very well for the company and it was losing money.One day the boss told us that the company was out of business.We were all unemployed. That lunch-time we went to the pub as usual.We were all very depressed.well ,of course we talked about the problem.Then the landlord of the pub heard the news.He said:“Why dont you buy the company?”At first we all laughed,but then we started to discuss it properly.We knew the problems.The company had lost a lot of customers because it hadnt developed new products.But finally we decided to go for it.So we bought the company.The first few years were very difficult.Bur we worked hard and we had a bit of luck.W e began to improve three years ago .Since then we have done pretty well. Last year we took on four new people and so far this year we have taken on another ten.1. who bought the company that was out of business?本题考查目标为能获话语中的事实信息。2. when did the company start to employ new people ?本题考查目标为能获话语中的事实信息。3. what did the story mainly tell us？本题考查目标为能归纳话语中主旨大意。答案1.（C） 2.(C) 3.(D)Section C(A)W:Good morning.Could I speak to the Sales Manager,please？ M:Im sorry.Hes not in this morning. Whos speaking ,please？W:Sarah Jones of the Family Shopping Centre .Have you got any idea when hell be back？M: Im afraid he probably wont be back until tomorrow.Can I give him a message？W:Yes,please.M:would you mind spelling your name ,please ?W:Sarah Jones, thats J-O-N-E-S.M:And you telephong number?W:He can reach me most easily on 574430.M:And whats the message?W: Well,I was wondering if he couled give a demonstration of your companys new radios in the Family Shopping Centre any time next week thats convenient for him.M:OK,Ill tell him that as soon as he comes in tomorrow . 1. Manager本题考查目标为能获话语中的事实信息。2. Jones本题考查目标为能获话语中的事实信息。3.574430本题考查目标为能获话语中的事实信息。4.radios本题考查目标为能获话语中的事实信息。(B)M:In England today are schools mixed or single sex ？W:Well, there are both .Fifty years ago all schools used to be single sex, I mean girls only or boys only. Then in the 1970s,many schools changed and became mixed.M:Do parents still prefer mixed schools？W:NO,Things have changed. Today many parents,especially parents of girls, think that their children get a better education in single-sex schools.M；Why do girls do better at single-sex schools?W:Because girls learn to be more self-confident and less worried about their appearance .M:what about boys?W:Well,today,many parents of boys want to send them to mixed schools.They think that the girls will be a positive influence on boys.M:SO,generally speaking ,who does better at mixed schools?W:Oh,the girls .They get better exam tesults than boys.1. mixed本题考查目标为能获话语中的事实信息。2. more self-confident本题考查目标为能获话语中的事实信息。3.a positive influence本题考查目标为能获话语中的事实信息。4.exams本题考查目标为能获话语中根据事实信息进行简单的推断。II.Grammar and vocabulary1.Did you tidy your room? -No,I was going to tidy my room but I visiors . A.had B.have C.have had D.will have答案为A，本题考查时态。2The Town Hall in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time . A.to be completed B.having been completed C.completed D.being completed答案为C，本题考查非谓语动词。A.honoured B.set C. historic D.secretly E.citizen F.franted G.route H.briefly I.restoration J.leadingFrederick Douglass was an escaped slave in the movement that fought to end slavery in the United States.He became a 1 voice in the years before the Civil war.A few weeks ago ,the National Park Service (NPS) 2 Douglasss birth and Black History Month with the reopening of his home at Cedar Hill ,a 3 site in Washington,D.C.the two-story house, which contains many of Douglasss personal possessions,Had undergone a three-year 4 .(Thanks to the NPS website,however,you donthave to live in the nations capital to visit it .Take a tour online.)He was born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey to a slave mother and a whiteFather he never knew .Douglass grew up to become the first black 5 to hold a Government officeas US minister and consul general(总领事)to Haiti.As a youth,he never went to school.Educating slaves was illegal in the South,sohe 6 taught himself to read and write.At 21years old, he escaped from his slave owner to Massschusetts and changed his last name to Douglass,to hide his identity.In the 1850s,Douglass was involved with the Underground Railroad,the system 7 Up by antislavery groups to bring runaway slaves to the North and Canada.His home inRochester,N.Y.was near the Canadian border.It became an important station on the 8housing as many as 11 runaway slaves at a time . He died in 1895. In his lifetime ,Douglass witnessed the end of slavery in1865 and the adoption of the 15th Amendment to the US Constitution（美国宪法修正案），Which 9 African-Americans the right to vote.参考答案：1. J 2. A 3. C 4. I 5. E 6. D 7. B 8. G 9.F本题考查词汇知识及能在具体语境中正确理解和运用词汇。参考答案： 50 B 51 C 52 B 53 D 54 A 55 C 56 D 57 C 58 A 59 B 60 B 61 C 62 C 63 D 64 B本题考查根据上下文，理解语篇意义的能力。（A）The “Bystander Apathy Effect ”was first studied by researcher in New York afterNeighbours ignoredand in some cases turned up the volume on their TVSthe cries of a woman as she was murdered (over a half-hour period).with regard to helping thoseIn difficulty generally, they found that:(1) women are helped more than men (2) men help more than women (3) attractive women are helped more than unattractive women Other factors relate to the number of people in the area, whether the person isThought to be in touble through their own fault,and whether a person sees himself asBeing able to help.According to Adrian Furnham,Professor of University College,London,there are three reasons why we tend to stand by doing nothing:(1)“Shifting of responsibility”-the more people there are,the less likely helpIs to be given.Each person excuses himself by thinking someone else will help,so thatThe more “other people”there are,the greater the total shifting of responsibility.(2)“Fear of making a mistake”-situations are often not clear.People think that those involved in an incident may know each other or it may be a joke,so a fear of Embarrassment makes them keep themselves to themselves.(3)“Fear of the consequences if attention is turned on you,and the person is violent.”Laurie Taylor,Professor of Sociology at London University,says:“In the experiments Ive seen on intervention(介入),much depends on the neighborhood of setting.There is a silence on public transport which is hard to break.We are embarrassed to draw attention to something that is happening,while in a football match ,people get involved,and a fight would easily follow.”Psychotherapist Alan Dupuy identifies the importance of the individual:“The British as a whole have some difficulty intervening,but there are exceptional individuals in every group who are prepared to intervence,regardless of their own safety.These would be people with a strong moral code or religious ideals.”1. which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Pretty women are more likely to be helped.B. People on a bus are more likely to stop a crime C. Religious people are more likely to look onD. Criminals are more likely to harm women 2. which factor is NOT related with intervention according to the passage?A.Sex B.Nationality C.Profession D.Setting3. which phenomenon can be described as the “Bystander Apathy Effect ”?A. when one is in trouble,people think its his own fault.B. In a football match,people get involved in a fight C. Seeing a murder,people feel sorry that it should have happened.D. On hearing a cry for help,people keep themselves to themselves4.The author wrote this article .A.to explain why bystanders behave as they doB.to urge people to stand out when in needC.to criticize the selfishness of bystandersD.to analyze the weakness of human nature参考答案：1. A 本题考查的目标理解文章的基本内容2. C 本题