8B期末英语词组语言点讲解.doc

8B 期末英语词组、句型的复习 2011-08-25 18:39:37| 分类： 8B资料 | 标签： |字号大中小 订阅 Chapter4 A dangerous servant一）语言点讲解My energy comes from electricity. 我的能量来自于电。1）heat energy 热能2）movement energy 动能3）light energy 光能4）sound energy 声能5）serve v.-service(s) n.-servant n. 服务 服务 仆人，佣人 A servant usually means someone who does housework for money.e.g. Fire is a good servant, but a bad master. 火能造福人类，倘若用之不慎也会带来灾难。The old lady served the Browns all her life. 这位老太太为布朗家干了一辈子的活。6）Electricity is a kind of energy that we cannot see.7) However, we can change electricity into energy that we can see, hear or feel.8) A dangerous servantdangerous adj. 危险的 danger n. 危险 be in danger safe adj. 安全的 safety n. 安全e.g. Its really dangerous for a child to play with matches.小孩玩火柴非常危险。He has been seriously ill, but the doctor said he was out of danger at the moment. 他病得非常严重，不过医生说他目前已脱离危险。用上述词的适当形式填空:（1）Sharks are one of _ animals on earth.（答案：the most dangerous 形容词dangerous修饰名词animal 词组one of the most dangerous animals 意为“最危险的动物之一”）（2）A tiger stared at the man. He was in great _.（答案：danger 词组in danger 意为“处于危险之中”）9) Im going to the shop to buy a packet of sweets.a packet of sweets 一包糖果a packet of 一包，一袋10) Ive tricked Daisy at last. 我最终作弄了戴茜。讲解1： 在这里trick 作动词用，意为“欺骗，耍弄”还可作名词用，意为“诡计，计谋”play a trick on sb.例句：You have been tricked. 你上当受骗了。Dont play tricks on others. Its impolite. 不要戏虐别人，这样很不礼貌。讲解2：at last 意为“最后，终于” 相当于 =in the end= finally11) She doesnt even know what electricity is. 她甚至都不知道什么是电。讲解1：在这里特殊疑问句what is electricity？作为动词know的宾语，称为宾语从句。但是从句应该使用特殊疑问词陈述句的语序，即：what electricity is例句：I dont know why he didnt attend the meeting.我不知道他为什么没来开会。Could you tell me how I can get to the nearest underground station?你能告诉我怎样才能到最近的地铁站吗？Mr. White hasnt decided where he will go to spend the holiday this summer.怀特先生还没有决定今年夏天要去哪儿度假。讲解2：使用宾语从句时，应该注意从句时态的正确使用第一种情况：主句谓语动词是现在时或将来时，那么宾语从句的谓语可以是各种时态。例句: No one knows how he worked out the problem so quickly. 没人知道他是如何快速地解决这个问题的。Our class teacher will tell us what we are going to do next week.我们班主任将会告诉我们下个星期该干些什么事。第二种情况：主句谓语动词为过去式时，那么宾语从句的谓语动词应该用过去的某种时态。例句: He asked me when I would come back.他问我什么时候会回来。I wondered why she had left the party without saying “Goodbye” that day.我不知道她那天为什么连再见也不说一声就离开了聚会。第三种情况：主句谓语动词为过去式时，如果从句内容表示客观真理，那么从句时态保持不变，通常使用一般现在时。例句：Our teacher told us that the moon is much smaller than the stars. 老师告诉我们月亮比恒星小得多。练一练：1). The manager asked his secretary _.A. why she is late for the meeting B. why is she late for the meeting C. why she was late for the meeting D. why was she late for the meeting 答案与解析：答案为C 在宾语从句中，应使用特殊疑问词陈述句的语序，所以选项B选项D是错误的；主句中谓语动词是过去式，因此从句中的谓语动词应改为过去时，选项A也错。2). The mother told her little son that the earth _ around the son. A. turn B. turns C. turned D. turning 答案与解析：答案为B 在宾语从句中，从句内容表示的是客观真理，所以不需要改变时态，仍然用一般现在时。 第四种情况：特殊疑问句作宾语从句由疑问词引导第五种情况：一般特殊疑问句作宾语从句由whether或if引导。第六种情况：whether.or not12) Shell really look foolish. 她会看上去很傻。讲解1： look连系动词 意为“看起来，看上去” 后面常跟形容词，构成系表结构例句： Your mother looks young than your aunt. 你妈妈看上去比你阿姨更年轻。The children looked very excited. 孩子们看起来非常兴奋。讲解2：与look相类似的联系动词还有taste, smell, sound, feel 等例句： The dishes in this restaurant taste very nice. 这家餐馆的菜肴口味相当不错。 The fish has gone bad. It smells nasty. 鱼变质了，发出令人作呕的味道。Many young people think that Jays music sounds wonderful. 许多年轻人都认为周杰伦的音乐听上去很棒。I felt sad after hearing the news. 听到这消息，我感到很伤心。思维拓展：讲解3：在这里look作联系动词用，后面常跟形容词，构成系表结构，意为“看起来，看上去”；而当look 用作行为动词时，要用副词修饰。例句：She looked happy at the good news. 听到好消息，她看上去非常高兴。She looked happily at her daughter. 她高兴地看着女儿。The girl looks carefully after her puppy. 女孩细心地照顾她的小狗。练一练： 1). His mother looked _ .A. sadly B. happily C. friendly D. angrily 答案与解析：答案为C look用作联系动词，后面跟形容词friendly，构成系表结构，意思是“看上去很友好”，其余三个选项都是副词。2). Mr. Smith looked _ at his naughty son.A. angry B. angrily C. happy D. happily 答案与解析：答案为B look与介词at连用构成动词词组，须用副词修饰，而选项D不符合句意 句意：史密斯先生生气地看着他调皮的儿子。 foolish adj. 愚蠢的，傻的 fool n. 傻瓜，呆子 v. 欺骗，愚弄Its really foolish of you to say that. 你居然讲那样的话，实在太傻了！What a fool! 是个傻子！Dont fool me! 不要耍我！13) Electricity flows through a wire.电是流经电线的。electricity n. 电，电学，电力供应 electrician n. 电器技师 electric adj. 用电的，带电的， an electric lightelectrical adj. 电的 electrical appliances 家用电器We can use the power of wind to produce electricity.我们能用风能发电。Jacks father used to be an electrician.杰克的爸爸以前是个电器技师。用上述词的适当形式填空:（1）The fridge isnt working now. My mother is going to call for an _.（答案：electrician 句意：冰箱坏了，妈妈打算去请电器技师来修理。）（2）_ didnt come to the village until ten years ago. （答案：electricity 句意： 这个村庄直到十年前才通电。）14）A meter measures the amount you use, and you get a bill for it monthly.电表计算着你使用的电量，并且每月收到电费帐单。get a bill for 收到的帐单monthly adv. 每月地 month n. 月e.g. Mrs. Black receives a letter from her son monthly. 布莱克夫人每个月都收到儿子的一封信。The Blacks are going to move into a new flat next month.布莱克一家打算下个月搬新房子。amount n. 数量+不可数名词连用 any amount of 大量 a large / small amount of 大量 / 少量+不可数名词连用He has any amount of money, is very rich. 他有大笔的钱，非常富有。a large number of+可数名词a large number of people15) Its like water, in a way. 在某种程度上，它和水一样。讲解1：like 用作介词，意为“像”例句：He looks like his father. 他看上去长得像他爸爸。Dont say like that. 不要说（像）那样的话。讲解2：in a way 意为“部分地，在某种程度上”=partlyI agree with you in a way. Some of your ideas are quite practical.我部分同意你的观点。你的一些想法是比较实际的。16) Thats not a bad explanation, although electricity is much more dangerous than water.虽然电比水危险的多，但你的这个解释还算不错。讲解1： explanation名词 意为“解释，说明” 动词形式：explain 例句：Can you explain your behaviour? 你能解释一下你的行为吗？At last we believed him after his repeated explanation.经他反复解释之后，我们最终相信了他。讲解2：although 连词 引导让步状语从句, 意为“虽然，尽管”让步状语从句由though 或although引导，在句子中，不能同时使用but例句：Although he isnt clever, he works hard. 虽然他不聪明，但他很努力。The boys are still playing football on the playground though it is raining. 虽然在下雨，但是男孩们仍然在操场上踢足球。练一练： _ he is not rich, he still contributes money to the charity.A. Because B. When C. Although D. But 答案与解析：答案为C although引导让步状语从句, 句意：虽然他并不富裕，他仍然捐钱给慈善机构。讲解3： much more dangerous much修饰比较级more dangerous意为“危险的多”例句：Tom is much stronger than Jack. 汤姆比杰克强壮得多。You look much more beautiful than before. 你看上去比以前漂亮多了。思维拓展：讲解4：除much 以外，还可以用even, a little, a bit, far, still 等修饰形容词或副词比较级，表示程度。 例句：Computers can do the calculation far more quickly than people.做计算，电脑比人速度快多了。A horse is much lighter than an elephant. 马比大象轻得多。练一练： Mary studies even _ than Angela.A. hard B. hardly C. harder D. more hardly 答案与解析：答案为C 努力学习study hard 程度副词hard 比较级为harder hardly 是频度副词，意为“几乎不” Thats not a bad explanation.explain v. 解释，说明 an explanation n. 解释，说明 e.g. Can you explain your behaviour? 你能解释一下你的行为吗？At last we believed him after his repeated explanation.经他反复解释之后，我们最终相信了他。17) You must always be careful with it.careful adj. 仔细的，小心的 be careful withcarefully adv. 仔细地，小心地 care n. 小心，谨慎 Take care.careless adj. 粗心的 carelessly adv. 粗心地Be careful with your homework. 你做作业时要仔细些。The girl carried the vase to the sitting-room carefully in order not to break it. 为了不打碎花瓶，女孩小心翼翼地把它拿到客厅。Take care not to break it. Its made of glass.当心点，不要把它打碎了。这是用玻璃做的。用上述词的适当形式填空(1) She is a _ girl. She has made few mistakes in her test paper.（答案：careful 形容词careful修饰名词girl 意为“细心的女孩”）(2) Students should listen to their teachers _ in class.（答案：carefully 副词carefully修饰动词词组listen to 意为“仔细听”）18) What does it look like? (Can you tell me.?)=Can you tell me what it looks like?你能告诉我它看起来是什么样的？它长得什么样？What does it look like?=What is it like?=How does it look?19) scratch ones head v. 抓头，挠头，20）Nobodys ever seen electricity, have they?没有人见过电，是吗？Everybody has seen electricity, havent they?每个人都见过电，是吗？21）Its invisible. 它是看不见的。invisible adj. 看不见的 visible adj. 看得见的 vision n. 视力、远见visibly adv. 可见地，显而易见地Most of the stars are invisible to the naked eyes.绝大多数的星星是肉眼看不见的。The teacher was visibly annoyed. 老师显然是被惹怒了。22）Can you think of an example? 你能想出一个例子来吗？1：think of 意为“思考，想出来” 当think of 表示“思考，考虑”时，例句：Im thinking of going to Hong Kong for a trip this winter. 2：think of 后面跟动名词（因为of 是个介词）例句：Have you thought of meeting him for the first time?你想起第一次见到他的情景了吗？练一练：汉译英杰克在考虑这个周末去看望他的叔叔。 Jack is _ _ _ his uncle this weekend.答案与解析：thinking of seeing, 注意of 后面要用动名词。think of an examplethink of 想到think about 考虑think over 仔细考虑23) Do you know where electricity comes from?你知道电是从哪儿来的？24）It comes into our flat through thin wires and these are connected to thick wires that are buried under the street.bury v.-buried-buried埋connect v. 连接 connection n. 连结be connected to/with 与.相连e.g. The two towns are connected by a railway. 这两个镇由一条铁路相连。Whats the connection between the two sentences?这两个句子之间有什么关联？25) We call the thick wires cables. 我们把粗电线称为电缆。26）a reservoir n. 一个水库27) They are connected to a power station.它们与发电厂相连。28）Thats where we make electricity. 那是我们生产电的地方。29）polite adj. 有礼貌的，客气的impolite adj. 不礼貌的 olitely adv. 有礼貌地，客气地politeness n. 有礼貌 John is a polite boy. 约翰是个有礼貌的孩子。His mother asked him to behave politely at the party. 妈妈要求他在聚会时要表现得有礼貌。30）There was a grin on his face.他咧嘴大笑31） battery n. 电池batteries 32） Theyre packets that contain electricity.contain v. 包含， 容纳， 可装 container n. 容器 How many milliletres of water does this bottle contain? 这只瓶子能装多少毫升的水？This kind of container is made of glass. 这种容器是用玻璃做的。33）The chemicals inside produce electricity.内部的化学物质产生电。chemical n. 化学药品 adj. 化学的 chemistry n. 化学 chemist n. 药剂师，药商 produce v. 生产，制造 production n. 生产，制造 product n. 产品 Batteries contain chemicals inside which can produce electricity.电池内含有可以产生电流的化学物质。We are going to have chemistry lessons next year. 我们明年要上化学课了。Mum went to the chemists shop to buy some medicine for cold.妈妈去药店买治感冒的药。用上述词的适当形式填空(1) Our _ teacher taught us how to do this experiment carefully.（答案：chemistry 化学老师a chemistry teacher ）(2) Is that a _ change or a physical one?（答案：chemical 化学变化a chemical change ） produce v. 生产，制造 production n. 生产，制造 product n. 产品 Our country produces a large number of cotton goods to export.我国生产大量棉织品出口。 Scientific technology can make an increase in farm production.运用科学技术能提高农作物产量。 Dairy products are good for our health. 乳制品对我们的健康有好处。类比训练：用上述词的适当形式填空(1) Factories can increase _ by using better methods.（答案：production increase production 提高产量 ）(2) There used to be a factory which _ woolen goods.（答案：produced produce 动词， 意为：生产，制造）(3) New Zealand is famous for its dairy _ .（答案：products product 名词，意为：产品 ）Chapter 51. poem n. 诗歌-poet n.诗人2. show interest in sth. n.对.感兴趣be interested in sth./doing sth. v.be interested to do sth. eresting-反义uninteresting =boringdull3. be similar to 与.相似be different from 与.不同4. find it interesting 发现它有趣5. terrible adj.-terribly adv.=verypossible adj.-possibly adv.可能probable adj.-probably adv.也许6. a dull moment 无聊一刻7. keep lively保持活力lively adj.-alive adj.-living adj.活着的（表语） 活的-live v.-life n.8. hate being bored 恨无聊hate doing sth.恨做某事9. bored adj.-boring adj.-boredom n.Its the noisiest house in the whole of our town.noisynoisier-noisiest10. slam-slammed-slammed-slammingTheres my dad, who keeps shouting.11. break-broke-broken12. bite-bit-bitten咬run rings13. scream v.-screamer n.14. stone deaf15. mess n.-messy adj.be in a mess乱七八糟16. racket/din17. mind doing/sth.Chapter 5一）语言点讲解1I didnt find it interesting. 我发现无趣。此句为简单句, 这儿it是形式宾语。讲解：此句可改写为复合句。I didnt find( that )it was interesting.例句：I found it difficult to finish the work by myself. 我发现独立完成这项工作很难。改写：I found( that) it was difficult to finish the work by myself.练一练：1）We find it necessary to keep the secret.（改为复合句）答案与解析： We find( that) it is necessary to keep the secret.改成由that引导的宾语从句.主句的谓语动词find为一般现在时.故从句谓语动词用is2）选择最佳答案：I thought it to go abroadA. was hard B. hardly C. is hard D. is hardly答案与解析：选A. 主句I thought引导宾语从句thought为过去时，从句也用过去时。hardly解释为“几乎不”。2And that wasnt terribly exciting那不是很刺激。讲解：terribly此处为副词修饰形容词exciting.相当于 very.例句：It is terribly cold today今天非常冷。练一练：用括号中的词的适当形式填空1）Look, the room is dirty. (terrible)2）Im sorry about the mistakes that I made in the letter. (terrible)答案与解析： 1）terribly 副词修饰形容词dirty.2）terribly/terrible sorry是形容词，mistakes是名词。3There wasnt much on that night那天晚上没什么（有趣）。讲解：on that night在night前有that修饰，特指在那天晚上须用介词。而泛指在晚上，用固定短语at night.例句：Unluckily, Danny suffered an accident on a rainy night. 不幸的是，丹尼在一个下雨的晚上遭遇了一次事故。练一练：选择1）He used to go out for a walk the evening.2）We hold a sports meeting _the morning of June 1.A. on B. in C. for D. at 答案与解析： 1)答案为B。题中泛指在晚上，用固定短语in the evening2)答案为A。特指在六月一日这一天的早上，用介词on4So I sat in a chair and I went to sleep于是我坐在椅上睡。讲解： go to sleep解释为去睡觉讲解1：sleep此处为动词。 go to sleep解释为去睡觉。亦可用go to bed.例句： I often go to sleep at 10 oclock. 我常常十点睡觉。思维拓展：讲解2：sleep亦可用做名词且为不可数名词，意思是“睡眠”。其形容词是asleep ，sleepy，sleeping. 前者往往与fall搭配，构成意思是“入睡，睡着”；sleepy意思是“想睡的” ；sleeping“睡眠的”。例句：1）He listened to the music, finally he fell asleep. 他听着音乐，最后睡着了。2）I want to buy a sleeping bag for the picnic. 我想为这次野餐买一个睡袋。3）He always feels sleepy after lunch. 他总是在吃了午饭后想睡觉。练一练：选择：Take some pills, you will well.A. asleepsleep B. sleepingsleep C. sleepsleep D.sleepyasleep答案与解析：答案为B. sleeping pills意思是安眠药 sleep为动词。5 If you hate being bored. 如果你不愿烦闷。讲解：hate doing意思“恨做某事，反感做某事”讲解1：hate doing意思“恨做某事”例句：I hate staying at home all day.我讨厌整天呆在家里思维拓展：讲解2：此类动词还有like/enjoy/love doing 喜欢做某事例句：My son likes/enjoys/loves reading books. 我儿子喜欢看书。练一练：用所给词的适当形式填空Mr. Smith hates_(smoke).答案与解析：答案为smoking. hate doing sth.是固定词组。 6Hes the one who slams doors.他就是用力碰门的人讲解：who slams doors为定语从句讲解1：此处who修饰the one指代人例句：The boy who got the first prize is my younger brother.获第一名的那个男孩是我的弟弟思维拓展：讲解2：定语从句修饰人时，引导词可以用who或that，修饰物则可以用which或that.例句：Please pass me the book which is on the table.请把桌上的那本书递给我练一练：句子改写：用定语从句合并下列句子：1) He worked out the maths problem. The maths problem is very difficult. 1）答案为：He worked out the maths problem which was very difficult.此处定物，故用which.2) Ill invite a professor to give us a speech. The professor went abroad last year.2）答案为：Ill invite the professor who went abroad last year to give us a speech.此处定人，故用who.7 You dont need the address.你无需地址讲解：dont need 在这儿意思“不需要”。 讲解1：此处need的否定形式用dont，need在这里是行为动词。例句：I dont need any help. 我不要任何帮助。dont need to do思维拓展：讲解2：need除用作行为动词外，还可作情态动词，其否定形式句neednt.例句：You neednt go to buy the ticket now. 你没必要现在就去买票。练一练：选择最佳答案1）She much help2）You finish your work now.A. doesnt need B. neednt to C. neednt D. needs to答案与解析： 1）答案为A。原因是后接名词help，这里需用行为动词。2）答案为C。finish是动词，前用情态动词,否定为neednt 或dont need to. 8 All right:好吧，可以，行。讲解1：此句相当与Yes或OK例句：Would you please pass me the sauce? -All rightAll right. -All right思维拓展：讲解2：Thats all right.:没关系，没什么，没问题。例句：A: Im very sorry. B: A: 我很抱歉。B: 没关系。此句相当于“It doesnt matter. Never mind. Thats OK.”Thats all right.9 By the way, Ann, can you do me a favour? 顺便问一句，安，你能帮我一个忙吗？讲解：by the way：顺便说一下。讲解：用作插入语，常放在句首或句中，用逗号分割。例句：By the way, have you ever been to Beijing?顺便问一下，你曾经去过北京吗？10No, thanks. I dont feel like eating. 不，谢了。我不想吃东西。讲解：Feel like意思“想要”，后接sth/doing sth.例句：I didnt feel like having a talk with you.我不想和你谈话。11Now the typhoon has gone, “Thank goodness!” we say.现在台风走了，我们要说，“谢天谢地！”讲解：Thank goodness意思“谢天谢地”。例句：We arrived home at last. Thank goodness! 我们最后终于到家了。谢天谢地。12He said it was too frightening for you to watch.他说它（指录象）对你来讲太恐怖了，你不能看。语音讲解：tooto意思“太以致不能”讲解：tooto意思“太以致不能”通常被用来表示否定意义。例句：My brother is too young to go to school.我弟弟太小而不能上学。13Why dont we go swimming? Thats a good idea.我们为什么不去游泳呢？好主意。讲解：Why dont we/you do sth?=Why not(后接动词原形)表示向某人提出建议回答用 “Thats a good idea”.例句：Why dont we go to the cinema this evening? 今天晚上我们为什么不去看电影呢？Why not go to the cinema?Lets go to the cinema, shall we?二、重要词汇和固定搭配1.词汇表1) uninteresting adj. 无趣味的Todays program is uninteresting. I dont want to waste time on it. 今天的节目没劲，我不想为它浪费时间。The story is uninteresting. 这故事没趣。2）lazy adj. 懒惰的How lazy little Tom is! 小汤姆真懒啊！Dont be lazy.别那么懒。3）mile n. 英里My home is three miles away from the railway station.我家离火车站有三英里远。4）lively adj. 活泼的，充满生气的Miss Li gave us a lively lesson yesterday. 昨天李老师给我们上了一节生动的课。5)terribly adv. 极度地Im terribly sorry for breaking your glass. 打碎你的玻璃杯子，我感到实在抱歉。6)dull (adj.):not interesting乏味的The English lesson is interesting. But the maths lesson is dull. 英文课有趣，但数学课枯燥。7）slam v. 砰地关上，发出砰声Tom was very angry. He slammed the door and left last night. 昨天晚上汤姆很生气，他砰地关上门就走了。8）bite v. 咬My neighbors dog sometimes bites strangers. 我邻居家的狗有时候咬陌生人。9)run rings 绕着圈子跑Children are running rings in the garden in front of the classroom building. 孩子们在教学楼前面的花园里兜圈奔跑。10）screamer n. 尖叫的人My mother always becomes a screamer when I get bad scores. 当我得到差分时，我妈妈总是大喊大叫。11) roar v. 吼叫He roared at his friend that he would never be his best friend any more. 他对着他的朋友大叫道他将永远不再成为他最好的朋友了。12)stone deaf 全聋的Dont try to talk with Grandpa. He is stone deaf. 不要跟爷爷讲话，他完全聋了。13) mess n. 凌乱状态，一团糟The kitchen is in a mess. 厨房乱成一团。14) racket n. 喧哗I didnt sleep well yesterday because of the rackets from the passage at midnight. 昨