状语从句用法详解.ppt

英语总复习语法系列训练 状语从句用法详解 说到状语从句 您知道有哪些状语从句吗 一 时间状语从句二 地点状语从句三 方式状语从句四 程度状语从句五 原因状语从句六 结果状语从句七 目的状语从句八 条件状语从句九 让步状语从句十 比较状语从句 1 时间状语从句通常用下列从属连词来引导 after before as once till until ever since when whenever while now that aslongas assoonas 如 Now that you vegrownup youmuststopthischildishbehaviour Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties theycametohelpus Comeandseeuswheneveryouhavetime Peopledonotknowthevalueofhealthtilltheyloseit 2 有些词 如immediately directly instantly等 当用于assoonas意义时 也可以引导时间状语从句 如 IgotintouchwithhimimmediatelyIreceivedhisletter Mysistercamedirectlyshegotmymessage Themachinewillstartinstantlyyoupressthebutton I lltelephoneyoudirectlyIhearthenews Willyoulookforitimmediatelyyougetthere 3 某些表示时间的名词词组 如the very moment assoonas theminute assoonas theinstant assoonas theday theyear themorning everytime eachtime nexttime thefirsttime等 也可以引导时间状语从句 如 I lltellyouaboutitthemomentyoucome IstartedtheinstantIheardthereport Theinstantshesawhimsheknewhewasherbrother EverytimeIcatchacold Ihavepaininmyback I mgoingtoseehimnexttimehecomestoShenzhen HeleftEuropetheyearWorldWar brokeout HehadimpressedmethatwaythefirsttimeImethim IstartedtheverymomentIgotyourletter I lltellhimtheminute that hegetshere 4 有些关联从属连词 如nosooner than hardly when scarcely when barely when等 也能引导时间状语从句 如果把nosooner hardly scarcely barely置于句首 它所连带的这部分就要倒装 如 Shehadnosoonerheardthenewsthanshefainted Nosoonerhadsheheardthenewsthanshefainted Theyhadhardlystartedtoworkwhenthetroublebegan Hardlyhadtheystartedtoworkwhenthetroublebegan Hehadscarcelyenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang Scarcelyhadheenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang 1 地点状语从句常用where wherever来引导 如 Wewillstaywhereyoustay where intheplaceinwhich where既连接主句与从句 又在从句中作副词修饰谓语stay IfoundmybookswhereIleftthem Whereverhehappenstobe Johncanmakehimselfathome Hewillworkwhereverthepeopleneedhim Letmegowherever toanyplacetowhich theylike togo 2 有时 where构成的复合词也可以引导地点状语从句 如 Everywheretheywent theywerekindlyreceived warmlywelcomed We llgoanywherethePartydirectsus 1 方式状语从句通常由as asif asthough来引导 如 YoumustdotheexercisesasIshowyou Pleasedoexactlyasyourdoctorsays Itlooksasifitmightsnow isgoingtosnow Heactedas thoughnothinghadhappened Hewalkedasifhewas weredrunk Marywasbehavingasthoughshehadn tgrownup 2 在非正式文体或口语中 也可用theway that as inthewayinwhich how like等来引导 如 Jeandoesn tdoitthewayIdo SheisdoingherworkthewayIlikeitdone Youcandothejobhowyoulike Thelandlordwaswatchinghimlike justas acatwatchesamouse Doyoumakebreadlikeyoumakecakes 程度状语从句可用tosuchanextentthat tosuchadegreethat 来引导 如 Thetemperaturerosetosuchanextentthatthefiremenhadtoleavetheburningbuilding Thetemperatureloweredtosuchadegreethatthewaterfroze 试比较 Thetemperaturerosesohighthatthefiremenhadtoleavetheburningbuilding Thetemperatureloweredsomuchthatthewaterfroze 从以上例句可以看出 程度状语从句往往也表示达到某种程度时所引出的结果 所以程度状语从句和结果状语从句在意义上有相通之处 1 引导原因状语从句最常用的连词是because since 和as 所引导的从句可以放在主句之前 也可放在主句之后 其中because语势最强 since次之 as又次之 because通常表示说话人认为这种理由或原因是听话人所不知道的 全句强调的重点在原因上 不在主句表示的结果上 回答why提出的问题时 只能用because 在强调句型中也只能用because从句 不能用since as等 如 BecauseIcan tseeverywell Ihavetositnearthefront Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn tgowithus Itisbecausehewasillthathedidn tcome since和as引导的句子 重点在主句的内容 其原因或理由在说话人看来已很明显 或已为听话人所熟悉 since和as只是一种附带的说明原因 不是对原因进行强调 如 Asheisworkinghard heislikelytosucceed Sincehecan tanswerthequestion you dbetterasksomeoneelse As Sincehewasnotathome Ispoketohisbrother Sinceyouinsist Iwillreconsiderthematter Ashewasinahurry helefthisbagathome for是并列连词 它引导的句子只能后置 表示因果关系时 可以和because换用 但当它用于对主句的内容加以解释或推断时 不能用because代替 如 Hecouldn thaveseenme because forIwasnothere Thegroundiswet for becauseitrainedlastnight Itrainedlastnight forthegroundiswetthismorning because之前可以加上simply only just等强调词 如 Youshouldn tgetangryjustbecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou 2 复合连词也可以引导原因状语从句 这些连词有 now that seeing that considering that forthereasonthat byreasonthat forfearthat that等 如 Now that Since youmentionit Idoremember Now that heisabsent you llhavetodotheworkbyyourself Now Since therainhasstopped let sstart Seeing that alltheguestshavearrived let shavedinner Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners theyaredoingquiteagoodjob Shedidn tgoforfearthatshewouldgetlost Hehasdoneverywell considering that hehasnoexperience Ihaven tfinishedwritingthereportyet notthat notbecause Idislikethework butthat butbecause Ihavenottime 3 在 主语 be 形容词 that 句型中 主语通常是人 形容词通常为 glad happy pleased sorry等表示感情的形容词 这时that可以看作原因状语从句 如 Wearegladthat because wehavereapedanotherbumperharvest I mglad that youareallright Wearesurethatourteamwillwin I mpleasedthatyouhavedecidedtocome 结果状语从句往往放在主句之后 通常主句是因 从句是果 这和原因状语从句刚好相反 如 Hewasill sothathedidn tcome Hedidn tcomebecausehewasill 1 结果状语从句通常用下列连词引导 so that such a that suchthat sothat that等 如 Hewassoangrythathelefttheroomwithoutsayingaword ThebookiswritteninsuchsimpleEnglishthatwebeginnerscanunderstanditwithoutmuchdifficulty Itwassuchabadaccidentthatseveralpeoplegotinjured Hisdiligencewassuchthathemadegreatprogress Hedidn tplanhistimewell sothathedidn tfinishtheworkintime Sheworriedsothatshecouldhardlyeathersupper WhathaveIdonethatyoushouldbesoangrywithme 2 应注意的几个问题 在非正式文体中 由so that such a that引导的结果状语从句 往往可以省略连词that 这时 从句之前往往用逗号与主句隔开 在口语中则用停顿表示省略 Hewassotired that hecouldhardlystand Peterissuchagoodboy that heislovedbyeverybody Youwalksofast that Ican tkeeppacewithyou Weleftinsuchahurry that weforgottolockthedoor Hewassorude that sherefusedtospeaktohim 当so修饰动词时 后面应稍停顿 如 Hisheartbeatso thathecouldhardlybreathe Sheworriedso thatshecouldhardlyeathersupper 当so位于句首时 主句的语序应倒装 如 Sobadlywasheinjuredthathehadtogotothehospital SosmallwasthemarkthatIcouldhardlyseeit 1 目的状语从句通常使用的连词有 sothat inorderthat that so 否定的句式常用lest incase forfearthat来引导 目的状语从句中一般要有can may could might will would should等情态动词 如 Bringitcloser so thatImayseeitbetter IputdownhisaddressforfearthatIshouldforgetit Theteachermustspeakclearlysothathisstudentscan mayunderstandwell We llsitnearerthefrontsowecanhearbetter 非正式或口语 Thedriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestit should gowrongontheway PleaseremindmeofitagaintomorrowincaseIforget Takeanumbrellawithyou incase forfear itrains itmayrain itshouldrain Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthetrain 2 sothat so既可以引导目的状语从句 又可以引导结果状语从句 其区别可以根据上下文的意义来判断 也可以从其结构上来判断 凡在讲话时 sothat so从句之前有停顿 在文字中sothat so从句之前有逗号 则为结果状语从句 否则为目的状语从句 如 Weallarrivedateight so that themeetingbeganpromptly 结果状语从句 We llcomeateightso that themeetingcanbeginearly 目的状语从句 有时 由sothat或so引导的结果状语从句之前并没有逗号 这时 就要看从句中有没有can may could might will would should等情态动词 如果有 多半是目的状语从句 如果没有 多半是结果状语从句 如 IamgoingtothelectureearlysothatI llgetagoodseat 目的状语从句 IwenttothelectureearlysothatIgotagoodseat 结果状语从句 目的状语从句可以移至句首 而结果状语从句不能前移 如 Sothathecouldbeheardineveryroom Johnspokethroughamicrophone 目的状语从句 Johnspokethroughamicrophonesothathewasheardineveryroom 结果状语从句 1 条件状语从句通常用下列连词引导 if unless supposing that 仅在问句中使用 suppose that incase so aslongas sofaras oncondition that provided that 等 如 Incasehecomes letmeknow Youcangoout as solongasyoupromisetobebackbeforeeleven Iwillcomeagaintomorrowprovided that Ihavetime if Supposing that itrainstomorrow whatshallwedo if Unlessyoutellhimyourself he lllosefaithinyoucompletely We llletyouusetheroomonconditionthat providedthatyoukeepitcleanandtidy 2 有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句 祈使句后面要搭配and 如 Cometomorrow andIwilltellyou Ifyoucometomorrow Persevereandyouwillsucceed Givehimaninchandhe lltakeamile Ifyougivehimaninch he ll 注 当表示否定的条件时 可用连词or或otherwise 如 Hurryup or else you llbelate Makeupyourmind oryou llmissthechance Startatonce or otherwiseyou llmissthetrain Ifyoudon tstartatonce Unlessyoustartatonce you llmissthetrain 3 ifonly是if的强调式 通常表示说话人的愿望 如 Ifonlyitclearsup we llgo Ifonlysomebodyhadtoldus wecouldhavewarnedyou 注 ifonly引导的状语从句有时可以不依附于主句而独立存在 表示说话人的希望 愿望或遗憾等心情 如 Ifonlyhecomesintime Ihopehewillcomeintime Ifonlyhedidn tdrivesofast Iwishhedidn tdrivesofast IfonlyIhadn tbeenlateforwork IwishIhadn tbeenlateforwork 4 在真实条件句中 从句动词通常用一般现在时表示将来时间 主句通常带有情态动词 如 Ifyoumove I llshootyou IfIpressthisbutton whatwillhappen Ifyoucome youcanseeit Ifyoufinishearly youmaygo 注 当从句表示将来已经完成或正在进行的动作时 动词用现在完成时或现在进行时 如 IwillreturnthebookonMondayifIhavereadit Thepolicewon ttakeyourcarawayifyouaresittinginit 注 如果从句表示现在的意图 意愿 决心等 则可以用will shall 如 Ifyouwillreadthebook I llletyouhaveit Ifyouwillhelpme wecanfinishbysix Ifyouwillgiveupsmoking drinking yourhealthwillimprove 5 有一种条件句 其从句动词不管主语的人称和数如何 一律用 should 不定式 主句动词可根据意义需要采取不同形式 如 Ifheshouldhearofyourmarriage hewouldbesurprised Ifyoushouldhearthenews pleaseletusknow Ifyoushouldbeinterested I lltellyouthewholestory Ifitshouldrain wehadbetterstayindoors Ifheshouldcometomorrow Iwouldtellhimeverything 注 在正式文体中 可用shouldI we youetc 代替IfI we youetc should 如 ShouldIbefreetomorrow Iwillcome ShouldyouseeMike willyouaskhimtoringmeup Shouldyouseemymother tellherIamquitewell 6 非真实条件句 当从句表示与现在事实相反的条件时 从句动词用一般过去时或were型虚拟式 主句动词用would should could might 不定式 如 IfIwereyou Ishouldconsultadoctor IfIlivedinthetwenty firstcentury mylifemightbedifferentinanumberofways 当从句表示与过去事实相反的条件时 从句动词用过去完成时 主句动词用would should could might 不定式完成式 如 Ifhehadtriedhardlastterm hewouldhavesucceeded Ifhehadtakenhisdoctor sadvice hemightnothavedied 当从句表示将来不大可能实现的条件时 从句动词用一般过去时或were wasto 不定式 主句动词用would should could might 不定式 如 Whatwouldyoudoifitsnowedtomorrow Hewouldn tdoitunlessyouweretoorderhimto 在正式文体中可用 were 主语 等倒装结构代替 if 主语 were 等结构 had 主语 ed分词 代替 if 主语 had ed分词 结构 如 WereIinyourplace Iwouldbeveryworried WereJohntogototheuniversity hewouldhavetoworkhard Hadthecaptainbeenmorecareful hisshipwouldnothavebeensunk Haditnotbeenfortheexpense IshouldhavegonetoItaly 7 unless与if not的用法比较 Ifyoudon tstartatonce youwillmissthetrain Unlessyoustartatonce youwillmissthetrain unless在意义上相当于if not 在有些场合两者可以交替使用 但在有些场合又不可以互换 以下是不可互换的情况 当if not引导非真实条件状语从句时 一般不可以改用unless 如 Ifsheweren tsosilly shewouldunderstand 事实上她很傻 改成Unlesssheweresosilly 含义为她不傻 IfIhadn tstoppedher shewouldhavejumpedintotheriver 事实上我阻止了她 改成UnlessIhadstoppedher 含义为我没有阻止她 unless表示除外的唯一条件 因此通常不能用and连接两个unless从句 而if not则不受此限 如 Shewon tloseweightifshedoesnotkeepadietandifshedoesnottakeexerciseseveryday Shewon tlose