2014年中考英语考试试题解读.doc

一、2014年中考英语考试试题解读关于听力新课标对听力的要求（五级） 1能根据语调和重音理解说话者的意图； 2能听懂有关熟悉话题的谈话，并能从中提取信息和观点； 3能借助语境克服生词障碍、理解大意； 4能听懂接近正常语速的故事和叙述，理解故事的因果关系； 5能在听的过程中用适当方式做出反应； 6能针对所听语段的内容记录简单信息听力测试材料的选取（常见话题） 1Personal information（个人情况） 2Family, friends and people around (家庭、 朋友与周围的人) 3Personal environments (周围的环境) 4Daily routines (日常活动) 5School life (学校生活) 6Interests and hobbies (兴趣与爱好) 7Emotions (个人情感) 8Interpersonal relationships (人际关系) 9Plans and intentions (计划与愿望) 10Festivals, holidays and celebrations (节假日活动) 11Shopping（购物） 12Food and drink (饮食) 13Health and fitness (健康) 14Weather (天气) 15文娱与体育 (Entertainment and sports) 16Travel and transport (旅游和交通) 17Language learning (语言学习) 18Nature (自然) 19The world and the environment (世界和环境) 20Popular science and modern technology (科普知识与现代技术) 21Topical issues (热点话题) 24文学与艺术 (Literature and art) 23Society (社会) 22History and geography (历史与地理) 23Society (社会) 24文学与艺术 (Literature and art)真实的听力活动 听力试题常设的问题都是在真实交际中会问到的问题，比如听他人对话弄清： 天气情况、活动安排（）、判断人物关系、判断场所、总结主题、概括归纳与推理。试题分析一、对句子做出适当的反应1.问句与陈述句的比例；2. 感谢、表扬、道歉、遗憾 3. Im sorry for coming late. You know, its rush hour.4. Your picture looks so nice! 5一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的答语 (单元标题)1. How often do you go to the movies? 2. Shall we go to the park tomorrow? 3. How about the food here? 4. Shall we go to the theatre? 5. Whats wrong with you, Peter? 6. Do you mind if I open the window?(八下unit7) 7.Thank you very much for your beautiful present. 8. Im going to Beijing for the coming summer holiday.二、五组小对话天气、购物、谈论sports、学生常见而又熟悉的话题 交通方式、打电话、问路、看医生、就餐三、大对话：谈论假期安排11. What are they talking about? (C. The summer holidays.)12. How is Alice going to Shenzhen? (By) 13. How long is she going to stay there? 14. Why is Tony going to England? 15. What are the speakers?四、独白：一位外教对本学期的安排及打算。复 习 建 议1. 听说必须结合教学2. 选择真实的听力内容 听力试题指向真实生活，听力复习备考的材料来自真实生活，选择真实的听力内容也就十分必要。3. 开展指向真实能力的听力训练 要理解听到的英语，我们必须首先要培养学生的英语语音听辨能力，以及把语音与语义建立直接关联的能力。语段语句词块4.进行必要地听力技能训练 听和读的理解过程都是听力材料内容与学生头脑中已有的图式内容交互的过程，因此，激活学生已有的图式有利于学生更好的理解材料内容。A.（教师）话题（预测）预测大意激活学生图式（背景知识）B. 插图、场景及相关信息预测和推断C.（教师）从听力材料中提取关键词（学生）预测听力内容这些技能有利于学生在听力测试中根据试题内容（题干、选项）预测听力内容，提高听力理解的效果。听前任务：头脑风暴口头描述激活图式。如：问路（口头描述如何从一个地点到另一个地点，激活与主题相关的词汇、句型）听中任务：泛听听主旨大意；精听wh-questions连线、画图、做笔记听后任务：朗读、复述、默写、话题拓展等。M: Lucy, I want to drop math. Its too hard. W: Jim, you cant do that. Its very important.10. What does boy think of math? A. Interesting. B. Difficult. C.Easy.关于单填 单项选择试题用于测量学生的语言运用能力。单项选择试题广泛用于测量一般层次的学习结果，尤其是认知学习的结果，也用于测量理解、运用、分析、综合和评价等高层次能力。单填的常见设题点1.冠词：特指与泛指；固定搭配 21. Do you know _man standing there?I only know hes from _ European country. A. a; an B. the; the C. the; a D. a; the2.名词：语境辨析 22. The buildings in the old market have been pulled down to make _ for a new park in our city. A. room B. place C. area D. ground3.代词：不定代词；one, it, that的替代 24. I like houses near the seaside, but I dont have enough money to buy _. A. it B. this C. that D. one4.形容词：语境辨析；比较级与最高级 28. I stopped laughing when I realized my father was _ about it. A. crazy B. serious C. careful D. special 23. The cost of food and clothing is going up nearly every day. Yes, mom often says the price of vegetables is much _ than before. A. expensive B. higher C. high D. cheaper5.副词：辨析；比较级与最高级 30. The volunteer teachers in the rural areas are _ college students. A. mainly B. nearly C. clearly D. freely6.动词：语境辨析；动词短语；时态7.情态动词8. 介词9.连接词：宾语从句、状语从句等 I dont like western food. I seldom eat it _ I go to MacDonald with my daughter. A. if B. when C. as D. unless10.常见搭配：I m used to _ him emails instead of _ him letters. A. send; write B. send; writing C. sending; writing D. sending; write11.句式培养学生运用基本语句结构、基本语词，在真实语境下，为了真实的语用目的，选择真实语义，进行准确表达的能力。关于完形填空完形填空是考查学生在语境中选择恰当的语词完成语篇表达的能力，具体包括语篇理解能力以及在具体语境中准确运用语词的能力。完形填空对于阅读理解能力的考查分两个层面：一是语篇本身一般为学生有些内容熟悉而有些内容不熟悉的语篇，这样可以考查学生的图式建构能力。二是考查在语篇语境中，学生选择恰当的语词完成短文的能力，学生要理解语篇、词义才能选择恰当的答案，所以词语选择以语篇图式和词汇词义理解为前提的。对于语篇理解能力，完形填空试题主要考查学生基于已有图式理解语篇的能力，也就是图式激活与建构的能力。至于选择用词的能力，完形填空则主要是根据考纲规定，考查学生在真实语境、为了真实语用目的、表达真实语义的运用常用语词的能力。从以下两个方面入手开展教学，学生自然可以达到完形填空试题的能力要求：1）开展基本词汇的基本词义教学，不搞“难、繁、偏、旧”的词义辨析。完形填空的考试考查的就是学生运用基本词汇的基本词义的能力，不是考查“难、繁、偏、旧”词汇的“难、繁、偏、旧”的词义，完全没有必要去挖掘那些细微末节的辨析，而应该注重培养学生准确运用基本词汇的基本词义的能力。（2）引导学生形成在阅读中基于已有图式建构新的图式的能力。完形填空本身就明确要求考查学生基于已有图式建构新图式的能力，也就应该认真培养学生的阅读理解能力、图式建构能力，这样才能从根本上促使学生达到完形填空的能力要求。“Well, what a coincidence (巧合),”smiled the man.“A dollar and eleven cents the 43 price of a miracle for your little brother.” That man was Dr Carlton Armstrong, a doctor. The operation was completed for free and it wasnt long 44 the little brother was home and well again.The little girl was happy. She knew exactly how much the miracle cost . one dollar and eleven cents . plus (加) the 45 of a little child.关于阅读理解1能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；2能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；3能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；4能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；5能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；6能利用字典等工具书进行学习；7除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。 阅读试题要求考生能读懂公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章，具有基本阅读技能，试题主要考查理解文中具体信息、作出简单判断和推理两种基本阅读理解能力，对于较高层次的能力，如理解作者的意图、观点和态度等，则考查较少。 阅读理解能力不是通过阅读技能培养就能提高的，还要从阅读理解图式去培养，这才是更为关键的阅读理解能力。基于这些能力要求，阅读备考复习教学应该按照以下要求进行：鲁子问：中小学英语阅读教学理论与实践（1）培养学生的基本阅读能力，不应片面追求阅读技能的难度，因为中考这个层面所要考查的运用阅读技能的理解能力还不是高难度的理解能力。（2）着重培养学生建构阅读理解图式的能力，而这是被广泛忽略的。阅读本身就是一种图式激活与建构活动，教师应该在阅读中认真、全面地引导学生形成建构新图式的能力。学生的已有图式越丰富，他们的阅读理解速度越快、理解程度越高，所以应该鼓励学生广泛阅读，不要只是读教材上的内容，因为那是无法建构广泛的图式的。五、 词汇运用第一节：61. visitors 62. healthily 63. eighth 64. worried 65. without 66. safety 67. believe 68. latest 69. taught 70. popular为降低难度没有牵扯到词汇的曲折变化；全部取材于考纲第二节：用方框内所给单词的适当形式填空I took up my first job as a teacher. The 71 _ in my class were about sixteen or seventeen years old, only several years 72 _ than me. In fact, some of them looked older and acted more like grown-ups. someone, move, careful, student, ring, young, answer （n）, when, with, angry 71. students 72. younger 73. carefully 74. when 75. angry 76. Someone 77. answer 78. with 79. ringing 80. moved六、阅读表达81. The second paragraph mainly tells us _82. What should you do when you are preparing a speech? （至少列出两条建议）83. The underlined phrase be brief in Paragraph 4 means_84. Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese. 85. 请给短文拟定一个适当的英文标题。 1能根据写作要求，收集、准备素材； 2能独立起草短文、短信等，并在教师的指导下进行修改； 3能使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系； 4能简单描述人物或事件； 5能根据所给图示或表格写出简单的段落或操作说明。 1.教师出示中考作文案例，引导学生分析其能力要求。2.给学生一篇作文，让全班学生自由发言，点评所发材料中的一篇学生作文。从内容、语言、结构三方面分析哪些地方达到了的要求（如语义真实、语境真实、语用真实），可以借鉴。3.学生汇报讨论结果，谈文章的可取之处。4.给学生符合中考要求的作文题，让学生自己写作。5.同桌二人交换彼此所写的作文，互相点评是否达到了作文的能力要求。6.同桌二人从以下几个方面指出对方作文中存在的问题:语义真实、语境真实、语用真实。7.对照作文评分标准，看评卷教师给的分数恰当与否，并点评优缺点。8.让学生提出疑难问题。先由班上其他学生解答，学生无法解答的由教师回答。9.教师点评全班学生作文中的优点和缺点，总结如何实现语义真实、语境真实、语用真实。七、 写作第一节 86、不用担心，妈妈，我能照料好自己。Dont worry, mum. I can _ _ myself well.87、 无论发生什么事，他都不会放弃学习。No matter what happens, hell never _ _ learning.88、我们很有必要提前两周定上海世博会的门票。 _ is quite necessary _ us to book the tickets to Expo Shanghai two weeks ahead of time.89、为什么不考虑去日照度假呢？_ _ consider going to Rizhao for a vacation?90、林涛曾经去过北京，我也去过。Lin Tao has ever been to Beijing. _ _ I.第二节 情景表达 （共1题，计10分） 目前，我市正在争创省级文明城市，但社会上仍然存在着一些类似如图所示的不良现象，这与文明城市的要求相去甚远。作为一名中学生，在日常生活中，我们应该干什么？不应该干什么？对此，校学生会拟举行以“how o be a civilized student”为主题的英语作文比赛，请你结合下图反映的内容，写一篇80词左右的短文参赛。注意：1. 至少叙述三条日常生活中我们应该普遍遵守的文明行为；2. 文中不要出现你的真实姓名和学校名称。3. 文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数。 As we all know, our city is creating a civilized city. As students, we should do our best to be a person with good manners. Frankly speaking, when some people are waiting for a bus, instead of waiting in line, they jump the queue and crowd into the bus. Some people spit in public, which pollutes the environment. I think everyone should know what to do and what not to do in public, for example, were supposed to be friendly to others and offer help to a person in trouble. When were on a bus, we give our seat to the old or the young. Its our duty to follow the traffic rules and not to litter to keep our city clean. Besides, dont forget to keep low voice in public places. In a word, if we follow all the rules, our city will be more beautiful.二2014年中考英语考试复习建议基础知识的复习 （一）词汇灵活化1. 词汇的变形尤其重要（名词的数、比较级的构成、动词的曲折变化、常见名词形容词副词的构成规则）2. 词汇的用法（词汇意义、词汇用于的主要结构、近类词的辨析）1）If you like，l can do some shopping for you.Its a very kind _. A. service B. point C. suggestion D. offer2）Jack Brown is very clever and he studies hard as well.No _ he comes out first in the exams. A. answer B. question C. wonder D. problem3）Theres no _ from my bedroom window except for some factory chimneys. A. view B. scene C. sight D. look4）At the meeting they discussed three different _to the study of mathematics。Aapproaches Bmeans Cmethods Dwaysmeans意为“方式，方法”，用于抽象意义，可指为达到某一目的而采用的方法、计划、政策、策略等，尤指整套方法；用于具体意义，常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、材料、机器、用具、车船等。（Buses and cars are main means of transportation in our city.）method意为“方式，方法”，指具体的、系统的、有步骤的方法，强调条理性及高效率。5) Progress so far has been very good._, we are sure that the project will be completed on time. A. However B. Otherwise C.Therefore D. Besides63. If you want to keep h_, youd better have more vegetables and fruits.65. He was so careless that he made many m_ in his homework. 68. The government has done everything to _ (保护) the students from any danger.69. He was so tired that he fell _ (睡着的) once he was in bed.70. We should _ (鼓励) children to solve problems by themselves.（二）短语系统化1. 动词短语的归类1). The sports meeting has been _ because of the bad weather. A. put up B. put off C. put out D. put on2）After he retired from office, Rogers _painting for a while, but soon lost interest. A. took up B. saved up C. kept up D. drew up2. 介词短语的归类1) I would like a job which pays more, but _ I enjoy the work Im doing at the moment. A.in other words B. on the other hand C. for one thing D. as a matter of fact2）. _ my surprise, the twins have nothing _ common. A. In; in B. To; in C. With; on D. For; of61. Our city is f_ for its clear air, beautiful mountains and blue sea. It attracts many tourists every year.67. We went over our lessons _ (替代) of playing because of the coming exam.（三）句型熟练化64. Would you m_ keeping your voice down? No, not at all.作文范例：Dear SirMadam, I am interested in becoming one of the volunteers.Im Li Hua, a girl of sixteen years old, from Class 11, Grade 9. English is my favorite subject, and I can speak English very well. Whats more, I know some customs of some foreign countri