人教版必修一Unit 2 English around the world language points课时作业(4).docx

unit 2 english around the world language points课时作业第一节 阅读理解（共15小题；每题1.5分，满分22.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。adifferences are important and they should be respected. for example, many important people throughout history were considered different, such as thomas edison, albert einstein and abraham lincoln. they did great things, but some people thought they were strange because they had strong feelings about something. i can understand these people because ive been in that situation before many times.it all started in elementary school when i realized that i wasnt like everyone else. my mom says that i have a tendency to be obsessed(着迷)with certain subjects. unfortunately, these subjects dont interest other kids of my age and they really dont interest my teachers. in fact, my kindergarten teacher said she would scream if i mentioned snakes or lizards one more time while she was teaching the days of the week. i would get into trouble for not paying attention and the teasing began.in the third grade, my teacher informed me that i have aspergers syndrome（症状）. i said, “so what? do you know that godzillas suit weighs 188 pounds?”later, i asked my mom, “whats aspergers syndrome? am i gonna die?” she said that its like having blinders on, and that i can only see one thing at a time, and that its hard to focus on other things.people also make fun of me for knowing facts about volcanoes, whales, tornadoes and many other scientific things. my mom says that she has been able to answer many questions on jeopardy! just by listening to what i have to say, but ive even been laughed at for being smart.maybe someday ill become a gene engineer and create the real godzilla. i can dream, cant i?1. why does the author mention people like albert einstein?a. to examine differences b. to show his admirationc. to make comparison d. to support his idea2. how did the kindergarten teacher feel about the author?a. angry b. worriedc. sorry d. curious3. whats jeopardy! most probably?a. its a program intended for young kids. b. its a quiz show covering various topics.c. its a novel telling about adventure stories. d. its a magazine about scientific discoveries.【答案】1. d 2. a 3. b【解析】本文作者通过论述告诉我们，差异是重要的，应该得到尊重。1. d推理判断题。根据第一段第一、二句differences are important and they should be respected. for example, many important people throughout history were considered different, such as thomas edison, albert einstein and abraham lincoln.可知，作者提到albert einstein等名人是为了支持他的观点。由此可知答案为d。2. a3. b推理判断题。根据倒数第二段people also make fun of me for knowing facts about volcanoes, whales, tornadoes and many other scientific things. my mom says that she has been able to answer many questions on jeopardy!可知，jeopardy!可知，这是一个涵盖各种话题的智力竞赛节目。故选b。bthe more interested you are in a topic, the more likely you may be to form “false memories” about the events related to that topic.“most people are pretty confident about their own memory for some events, but new research shows that false memory is a lot more frequent than many people realize. in terms of daily life, the key point here may be to understand that someone who remembers an event differently from yours isnt necessarily lyingsomeones memory may be faulty, or it might be you,” said study co-author ciara greene, a psychologist at the university college dublin.in the study, the researchers asked 489 people to read four news stories about events that were related to the topics they ranked as the most interesting, and four stories about events related to the topics they rated as the least interesting. in each case, three of these events really did occur, but the fourth one was made up.it turned out that people tended to remember the stories of the topics they said they were more interested in compared with the topics they were not interested in. however, the participants also tended to store more false memories related to the topics they were interested in compared with the topics they were not interested in, the researchers found.the more people know about a topic, the more memories related to this topic they have stored in their brains, the researchers said. therefore, when a person meets new information on this topic, that information may find traces of similar memories that have already stored in the brain, greene said.“this can result in a sense of familiarity or recognition of the new material, leading to the conviction (确信) that the information has been met before and is in fact an existing memory,” greene said. in other words, this new material or information may “feel” familiar and therefore the person may believe it must be true, he said.learning more about how false memories work may help protect against the harmful results of them, such as when eyewitness accounts(证言) of crimes are faulty.4. what ciara said in paragraph 2 suggests that you shouldnt _.a. forget the frequency of false memory.b. lie to someone with different memories.c. believe faulty memories of other people.d. completely trust your memory.5. in the study, people who were interested in a topic_.a. were less likely to form false memories related to itb. tended to remember false information about itc. could remember any information about it easilyd. wanted to know more about it6. whats the main idea of the text?a. the harm of false information.b. why people have a poor memory.c. interesting topics may lead to false memories.d. how to make a good memory for some events【答案】4. d 5. b 6. c【解析】本文告诉我们，有趣的话题可能会导致错误的记忆。4. d推理判断题。根据第二段第一句most people are pretty confident about their own memory for some events, but new research shows that false memory is a lot more frequent than many people realize.可知，ciara在第二段中说，你不应该完全相信自己的记忆力。故选d。5. b.6. c主旨大意题。根据第一段the more interested you are in a topic, the more likely you may be to form “false memories” about the events related to that topic.可知，有趣的话题可能会导致错误的记忆。根据句意可知答案为c。cin the story of “the crow and the pitcher” from aesops fables, a thirsty crow(乌鸦) drops stones into a narrow jar to raise the low level of water inside so he can take a drink.now scientists have evidence to back up that story. new caledonian crows actually do understand how to make water displacement work to their advantage, experiments showed. the results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as first-graders, according to the study.researchers, led by sarah jelbert at the university of auckland in new zealand, presented six crows with tubes filled with water. inside the tubes, a worm or piece of meat on a piece of wood was floating, just out of reach of the crow. in front of the tubes, the researchers arranged a bunch of heavy rubber erasers that would sink, and light plastic objects that would float. the crows found out that they could drop the heavy objects into the tubes in order to raise the water level and get their snack.however, the birds handled awkwardly in experiments in which they could choose to drop objects in either a wide tube or a narrow tube to get a snack, the researchers said. dropping objects into narrow tube would lift the water level by a greater amount and put the treat within reach after just two drops. in contrast, it took around seven drops to raise the snack to the same level in the wide tube. the crows obviously didnt realize this, and most of them went for the wide tube first.previous studies showed that chimps and human children can solve similar tasks. in a 2011 study, chimps and kids found out that they could put water into a tube to reach a peanut that was floating in small amount of water at the bottom.7. what does the text focus on?a. aesops prediction b. crows intelligencec. the development of crows d. human-animal communication8. how did the crows get the worm in a tube in sarah experiment?a. by dropping in the heavy erasers. b. by removing the plastic objects.c. by standing on the wood. d. by breaking the tube.9. what does the underlined part “the treat” in paragraph 4 refer to?a. the tube. b. the object.c. the snack d. the water.10. what did the experiment with wide and narrow tubes show?a. crows are sensitive to surroundings.b. crows have the ability to recognize shapes.c. crows are cleverer than chimps and children.d. crows understand water displacement incompletely.【答案】7. b 8. a 9. c 10. d【解析】“乌鸦和投手”的故事来自伊索寓言。一只口渴的乌鸦(乌鸦)滴石头进入了一个狭窄的jar提高低水平的水里面,所以他可以喝。现在科学家有证据支持这个说法。7. b推理判断题。根据第二段中new caledonian crows actually do understand how to make water displacement work to their advantage, experiments showed. the results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as first-graders, according to the study.可知，这篇课文讲的是crow的智力。故选b。8. a细节理解题。根据第三段中the crows found out that they could drop the heavy objects into the tubes in order to raise the water level and get their snack.可知，在sarah的实验中乌鸦通过落下沉重的橡皮擦进入管子里来得到虫子。根据句意可知答案为a。9. c词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句the birds handled awkwardly in experiments in which they could choose to drop objects in either a wide tube or a narrow tube to get a snack, the researchers said. 研究人员说，这些鸟在实验中笨拙地进行了实验，在实验中，它们可以选择将物体放入宽管或窄管中，以获得零食。可知，dropping objects into narrow tube would lift the water level by a greater amount and put the treat within reach after just two drops. （将物体放入狭窄的管道中，将会使水位上升更多，并在两滴之后将其置于可及的范围内。）中的the treat指的是the snack。 10. d推理判断题。根据第四段中dropping objects into narrow tube would lift the water level by a greater amount and put the treat within reach after just two drops. in contrast, it took around seven drops to raise the snack to the same level in the wide tube. the crows obviously didnt realize this, and most of them went for the wide tube first.可知，乌鸦不完全理解水的位移。由此可知答案为d。【名师点睛】任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。最常见的就是利用上下文语境、常识和语法关系推断词义，抓住所需推断词汇前后的含义找出正确答案。本题第3小题是词义猜测题，根据第四段第一句the birds handled awkwardly in experiments in which they could choose to drop objects in either a wide tube or a narrow tube to get a snack, the researchers said. 研究人员说，这些鸟在实验中笨拙地进行了实验，在实验中，它们可以选择将物体放入宽管或窄管中，以获得零食。可知，dropping objects into narrow tube would lift the water level by a greater amount and put the treat within reach after just two drops. （将物体放入狭窄的管道中，将会使水位上升更多，并在两滴之后将其置于可及的范围内。）中的the treat指的是the snack。 第二节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处d的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。how to be realisticin order to be realistic, you must understand yourself and the world around you. _11_ you still need to challenge yourself, but if you have tried something several times, then you need to accept that maybe you cant do it. keep yourself firmly on the ground and read on._12_ try new things and do your best at them, but if you find that it is something you can t do after many tries, accept the failures and be realistic.explain to others that you are being realistic in your approach. when you hit the wall, back off. you cant continue to bang your head against the wall. _13_ some people dont accept them, but they are there.challenge yourself. you need to try before you can be realistic and say, “i cant do that.” no one ever got anywhere without trying. _14_ sometimes you need to find the one that works for you.follow what you believe. people may tell you that you can do something