2011年职称英语卫生类B级考试试题.doc

2011年职称英语卫生类B级考试试题2011年职称英语卫生类B级阅读理解第二十四篇 Preventing Child Maltreatment（B级）Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment. Data for many countries, especially low- and middle-income countries, are lacking.Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless, international studies reveal that approximately 20% of women and 510% of men report being Sexually abused as children, while25-50% of all children report being physically abused. Additionally, many children are subject to1 emotional abuse (sometimes referred to as2 psychological abuse).Every year, there are an estimated 31,000 homicide deaths in children under 15. This number underestimates the true extent of the problem, as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to3 falls, burns and drowning.Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences. Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development. Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems. Consequently, as adults, maltreated children are at increased risk for behaveioural, physical and mental health problems. Via the behavioural and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer, suicide and sexually transmitted infections.4Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment, there is an economic impact, including costs of hospitalizeation, mental health treatment, child welfare, and longer-term health costs.A number of risk factors for child maltreatment have been identified. These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment.It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for5 maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated, such as being either under four years old or an adolescent, being unwanted, or failing to fulfil the expectations of parents and having special needs, crying persistently or having abnormal physical features.6练习：1. The difficult situation in the global estimates of the child maltreatment is due to the following factors EXCEPT _ according to the passage. 根据短文，_不是造成评估全球儿童虐待蔓延程度的原因。A child maltreatment is a global problem虐待儿童是一个全球性问题。B there is no exact data about low- and mid-income countries关于中低等收入的家庭没有数据统计。C there is a shortage of the professional data collectors由于缺乏一些低收入国家的精确数据。（正确答案）D different scientists use different research methods不同的科学家使用不同的研究方法。2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? 根据短文，_是正确的。A 20% of women got sexually abused in their childhood.20%的女性在她们孩童时代遭受到性别歧视的虐待。B 25-50% of all children were reported to have been physically abused. 有25% 到50%的儿童曾经受到身体上的虐待。（正确答案）C 25-50% of children were psychologically abused. 有25% 到50%的儿童遭受过心理虐待。D 60-75% of children were neglected by their parents.有60%到75%的儿童被他们的父母所忽视。3. Many homicide deaths in children under 15 are wrongly categorized into the following types EXCEPT _ according to the passage. 很多15岁以下儿童遭到谋杀都被错误的归类于以下类型，除了_一项不是。A drowning in swimming游泳溺水B diarrhea痢疾（正确答案）C bums烧死D falls摔落4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the bad impact caused by child maltreatment? 儿童遭到虐待造成的糟糕影响没有提到_。A The child will behave badly in his memory of his childhood when he grows up. 当他长大以后，他会因为他童年的记忆而表现很糟糕。（正确答案）B Child maltreatment hurts his nervous and immune systems.儿童受虐伤害了他们的神经系统和免疫系统。C Child maltreatment damages his early brain development.儿童受虐影响了他的早期的大脑发育。D The child is easily affected by many diseases in his adulthood.孩子在成年后很容易得病。4-4 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the bad impact caused by child maltreatment? 儿童遭到虐待造成的糟糕影响没有提到_。A. Maltreatment causes stress虐待引起的压力B. Consequently, as adults, maltreated children are at increased risk for behaveioural, physical and mental health problems成人以后行为、生理和心理方面的出现疾病的危险性大大增加C. maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer, suicide and sexually transmitted infections虐待能导致心脏病、癌症、自杀以及性传播疾病D. The child will behave badly in his memory of his childhood when he grows up当他长大以后，他会因为他童年的记忆而表现很糟糕5. The maltreated children often bear all the following characteristics EXCEPT _ according to the passage. 儿童遭到虐待经常要具备一些特征，除了_这一项。A they frequently and easily cry他们经常哭泣而且很容易就哭。B they are in infants or in adolescent period他们在婴儿时期或者在青春期。C they are often neglected by their parents or friends他们经常被他们的父母和朋友忽视。D they often try their best to meet the requirements from their parent.他们经常会尽力满足父母的要求（正确答案）5-5 The maltreated children often bear all the following characteristics EXCEPT _ according to the passage. 儿童遭到虐待经常要具备一些特征，除了_这一项。A.They having special needs他们总有特殊需求B.They having abnormal physical features他们身体总有异常C. they are often neglected by their parents or friends他们经常被他们的父母和朋友忽视D. they often try their best to meet the requirements from their parent. 他们经常会尽力满足父母的要求6. How many types of child maltreatment are mentioned in the passage? 在这篇文章中提出了几种儿童虐待？A.Physicial maltreatment肉体虐待B.Psychological Treatment心理虐待（情感虐待）C.Secually abused性虐待D.All of the above以上都对7. Why does this number”31000”underestimate the true extent of child maltreatment? 为什么31000这个数字不能真正的反映出儿童虐待这个问题的严重程度？A.this number is deceptive/not true这个数字具有欺骗性或不准确B.Falls,burnsand drowning related to maltreatment are not included in this number与儿童虐待有关的摔死、烧死、淹死没有包括在这个数字中C.diarrhea is not included in the number痢疾致死没有包括在这个数字中D.Both A and B A和B都对8. How many aspacts are included in the economical consequences due to child maltreatment? 儿童虐待所造成的经济损失包括哪些方面？A.costs of hospitalization and mental health treatment住院费用和心理治疗费用B.Child welfare and longer-term health costs儿童福利和长期的医疗费用C.tuition fee学费D.Both A and B A和B都对2011年职称英语卫生类B级完形填空Food Safety and Foodborne Illness（B级）Food safety is an increasingly important public health issue. Governments all over world are intensifying their efforts to improve food safety. These efforts are in response_1_an increasing number of food safety problems and rising _2_ concerns.Foodborne illnesses are_3_as diseases, usually either infectious or toxic in nature, caused by agents that enter the body through the ingestion of food._4_ person is at risk of foodborne illness.Foodborne diseases are a widespread and growing public health problem, both in developed_5_developing countries. The global_6_of foodborne disease is difficult to estimate, but it has been reported that in 2005_7_8 million people died from diarrhoeal diseases. A great proportion of these cases can be _8_ contamination of food and drinking water. _9_, diarrhoea is a major cause of malnutrition in infants and young children.Industrialized countries, the percentage of the population suffering from foodborne diseases each year has been reported to be 10 _10_30%. In the United States of America (USA), for example, around 76 million cases of foodborne diseases, _11_325,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths, are estimated to occur each year.While less well documented, developing countries bear the brunt of the problem due to the presence of a wide_12_of foodborne diseases, including those caused by parasites. The high prevalence of diarrhoeal diseases in many developing countries _13_ major underlying food safety problems.In parternership with other stakeholders, WH