牛津小学英语语法复习.doc

牛津小学英语语法复习 一、时态 1一般现在时 （1）表示经常发生的动作或事情，通常用“usually, often, every day, sometimes，always,never”等词。 （2）基本结构： I / You / We / They He / She / It 肯定句（Positive） 动词原形（V） 动词第三人称单数形式（V+S） 否定句(Negative) dont + 动词 doesnt + 动词原形 一般疑问句(Yes/No) Do ? Yes, I do. Does(动词原形)?No,she doesnt. 特殊疑问句(wh-) What do ? How does she(动词原形)? (3) 动词第三人称单数形式 a. Most verbs +s walk-walks b. Verbs ending in a consonant +y -y +ies fly-flies c. Verbs ending in s, sh, ch or x +es watch-watches d. Others do-does ,have-has, go-goes 2现在进行时, （1）表示正在发生的动作，通常用“now,look”. （2）基本形式： be + 动词+ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. What are you doing? Is he reading? （3）动词的现在分词形式（do+ing） Most verbs +ing walkwalking Verbs ending in e -e + ing comecoming Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant Double consonant run-running swim-swimming 3. 一般过去时态 （1） 表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用 “last week, just now, yesterday”等词。 （2） be 动词的过去式: am/iswas arewere I/He/she/it was(not). You/we/they were. 一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。 （3）过去式基本结构 肯定句（Positive） 动词过去式 I went shopping last night. 否定句(Negative)Didnt + 动词原形I didnt go shopping last night. 一般疑问句(Yes/No)Did + 动词原形?Did you go shopping last night? 特殊疑问句(wh-)What did+ 动词原形?What did you do last night? (4)动词过去式的变化： 规则动词的变化： 一般动词 +ed planted,watered,climbed 以不发音的e结尾 +d liked 辅音字母加y结尾 -y+ ied studystudied, cry- cried 重读闭音节单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写最后一个字母+ed stop stopped plan - planned 不规则动词的变化： 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 sweep swept teach taught have had go went keep kept think thought do did find found sleep slept buy bought eat ate say said feel felt drink drank is/am was take took read read give gave are were mean meant put put sing sang drive drove meet met cut cut begin began speak spoke make made let let ring rang write wrote see saw fly flew run ran ride rode come came draw drew sit sat hear heard tell told grow grew learn learned/ learnt get got know knew 4一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与tomorrow, next Sunday等时间状语连用。 结构：be going to +动词原形 例如：Im going to visit my grandpa next week. 二、人称代词 主格： I we you she he it they 宾格： me us you her him it them 形容词性物主代词：my our your her his its their 名词性物主代词： mine ours yours hers his its theirs 三、可数名词的复数形式 一般名词： + s a book books 辅音字母加y结尾： - y+ ies a storystories 以s, sh, ch or x结尾： + es a glassglasses；a watch-watches 以o结尾： +s 或+es a pianopianos a mangomangoes 以f或fe结尾： - f 或fe 变为 ves a knife knives a shelf-shelves 四、不可数名词(没有复数形式) bread, rice, water, juice，etc. 五、缩略形式 Im = I am youre = you are shes = she is hes = he is /he has(got) its = it is whos =who is cant =can not isnt=is not etc didnt=did not werent=were not wasnt=was not lets=let us 六、不定冠词a/an 单词的第一读音是辅音读音：a book, a peach， a “U” 单词的第一个读音是元音读音：an egg， an hour， an “F” 七、介词 1表示方位：on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.，under 2表示时间： at : 如：at six oclock, at Christmas, at weekends on: 如：on Monday on 15th July on National Day in: 如：in the evening in December in winter 八、基数词和序数词 one first two-second three-third five-fifth nine-ninth twelve-twelfth twenty-twentieth thirty-thirtieth forty-one forty-first Lesson 3-the third lesson 九、some /any 肯定句：I have some toys in my bedroom. 一般疑问句和否定句中：Do you have any brothers or sisters? He hasnt got any pencils in his pencil-case. 询问想要什么时：Would you like some juice? Can I have some stamps? 十、be 动词 (1) Basic form（基本形式）: am/are/is (2) 肯定和否定句be动词后加not: I am(not) from London. My eyes are(not) small. My hair is(not) long. (3)一般疑问句be动词提前： Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they arent. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. （4）be动词的过去式：am/is was, are were 十一、 there be 结构 肯定句： There is a There are 一般疑问句:Is there ? Yes, there is./ No, there isnt. Are there? Yes, there are. /No, there arent. 否定句： There isnt . There arent. 十二、祈使句 Sit down please Dont sit down, please. Lets go to the park. 十三、(情态)动词can, may, must, should, will 后面直接用动词原形。 1. I / He / She / They can sing. May I come in? I must go now. 2. You should be quiet in the library. 3. Youll be good friends. 十四、 “Wh-” questions: What (问什么事,什么物或什么工作) What are you doing？ Im reading. What is that? Its a book. hat is she?(Whats her job?) Shes a nurse. What colour(问颜色)What colour is your coat? Its red. What time（时间）What time is it? Whats the time? Its seven. What time/when(什么时候)What time/ When do you get up? I get up at six thirty. When is your birthday? Its on the 21st of December. Which（哪一个）Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one? The yellow is mine. Who（谁）Who is the man with a big nose? Hes my uncle. Whose（谁的）Whose bag is it? Whose is this bag? Its his bag. Where（哪里）Where is my ball pen? Its under the book. Why（为什么）Why do you like summer? I like summer because How many （多少）How many