大学英语4级考试预测试题 4.doc

大学英语4级考试预测试题 4Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Improving Students Network Morality. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 目前大学生网络道德问题日益严重2. 这种问题带来的危害3. 如何加强学生的网络道德教育Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1. For question 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Worried about prescription drugs? How to weigh your risk?When the pain reliever Vioxx was withdrawn from the worldwide market last September after the announcement that it increased patients risk of heart attacks and strokes, millions panicked. Suddenly, ads for the drug were replaced with ads looking for Vioxx “victims”. Not only did patients stop taking Vioxx but, doctors say, many people stopped taking their other medicines, too - sometimes putting their health at serious risk. The sometimes-sensationalized headlines didnt help. People wondered. Should I trust my doctor? Could what I thought would help me actually kill me? Is the drug safety system broken?Americans have somehow come to believe they should get the best medical care with the latest remedies with no side effects. But there is no drug that doesnt have side effects. Peter Corr, head of worldwide research and development for drug manufacturer Pfizer says:” As a society we expect medicine to be perfect. There is no such thing. There is always a risk.”How You Can Make Informed DecisionsSince there is no such thing as a pill that is completely safe, including aspirin, consumers have to accept the dichotomy（一分为二） that the same medicines that extend and enhance our lives may hurt us; some of them may merely have minor side effects, while others are able to cause death. So how should you and your doctor proceed? 1. Weigh the risks and benefits of any drug. As a smart consumer you must decide whether a drug is safe enough for you. The greater the benefit, the more risk you may be willing to take. If your illness is mild and not very bothersome, you may decide that any risk is too big and opt against taking any medication at all. On the contrary, if your illness is serious or potentially life threatening, you may even be willing to try an experimental drug with greater risk for serious side effects. Zena McAdams, 59, a regional clergyman in Macon, Georgia, has lived with a condition that caused chronic pain for many years. For a long time she took OTC ibuprofen（布洛芬，一种镇痛非处方药）, I mean lots of it, she says. In the spring of 2001, her doctor prescribed Vioxx. Taken only once a day, it was remarkable, she says. I took it every day till it was taken off the market.After speaking to her doctor, she switched to Celebrex last October. It was also effective in controlling the aches and pains associated with her condition - until she heard concerns that it, too, had serious potential side effects. She talked to her doctor, weighed the risks versus the benefits and decided that her quality of life was most important. “There is always that nasty feeling about safety,” she says. “but there is no reason to think that I have any heart problems. The benefits at this point in my life certainly outweigh the risks. The drug works. It eases the pain.”2. Be especially cautious about new drugs. New drugs are inherently risky. So if youre taking one, monitor yourself carefully. Have your eating and digestive habits changed? Are you feeling unusually tired or agitated? Have your breathing patterns or skin color changed? If so, call your doctor immediately, who may tell you to stop taking the drug. How does a consumer know that a drug is new? Ask your doctor or pharmacist (药剂师). If you have a choice between two or more equally effective drugs, choose the one with a longer track record of safety. If you are taking a drug in the same class as one that has been recalled, it is careful to ask your doctor if that drug places you at greater risk.3. Know if youre in a high-risk group. Although scientists still dont know precisely why, certain individuals have bad reactions to a drug or to a particular dose of a drug, while others dont. Men metabolize（新陈代谢）drugs differently than women do, for example. Be especially watchful if you are very young, very old or pregnant. Drugs usually arent tested on these groups. I worry the most about the elderly, says Avorn. They are vastly under-represented in trials of drugs, yet they are the most likely to be taking the drugs when they are approved.4. Ask the right questions. When you get a new prescription, never leave the doctors surgery without a clear understanding of why youre taking the drug, how to take it, and how youll know if its working. Even if it makes you a bit uncomfortable, ask. You are responsible for your own health and safety. If the doctor doesnt want to answer questions, you should probably find another doctor, says Avorn.After your visit, if you still have questions, call or e-mail the doctor. Use your pharmacist as an expert consultant for any additional concerns you have about the drug or its side effects. You can ask the pharmacist for the professional package insert for the drug, says Corr. Although its written for health care providers, it includes information on clinical trials and side effects. Also, if theres been a label change, with new information about the drug or any warnings, it will be part of the PPI (保险证明). Or request more consumer-friendly information, which should tell you how to use the drug properly and warn of any precautions. You can also call the drug companys toll-free number for more information, or go to its web-site. 5. Be informed, and follow directions carefully. Check that the pills you receive are the correct ones. Errors crop up in the dispensing of medications: Its easy to confuse products with similar names (for example, Zantac and Xanax). Read the instructions and take your pills exactly as prescribed. Be alert for expiration dates, and stay attentive to recalls and warnings. Tell your doctor about any other medications you take, either prescribed or OTC ( over the counter ). Drug interactions can cause serious problems. For example, Posicor, an anti-hypertensive drug (治疗高血压的药), was taken off the market because it could cause blood pressure to drop sharply when used with other heart medications. If you fill all your prescriptions at the same store, the pharmacist may be able to warn you of known interactions. It is vitally important that patients and their doctors provide feedback to manufacturers and regulators if they have any suspicion of a problem. Then these signals will be known and can be analyzed to see if they are more widespread, which could save lives. 1. What does Peter Corr most probably think about drugs in America?A) Perfect drugs are provided to the Americans.B) Every drug has this or that kind of side effects.C) Only the latest drugs are free from side effects.D) Doctors should prescribe side-effect-free drugs.2. According to the author, who are the least likely to try drugs with serious side effects?A) Patients with a minor illness. B) Patients who are financially poor.C) Patients with bothersome symptoms. D) Patients who suffer from deadly diseases.3. For many years, Zena McAdams had to take medicines to control _.A) heart disease B) migraine headacheC) chronic pain D) her weight4. What do we learn about the drug Celebrex from the passage?A) It is as effective as Vioxx for Zena McAdams.B) It does not cause serious potential side effects.C) It is much cheaper than Vioxx.D) It may cause mild stomachache.5. Between drugs with equal effect, you should choose the one _.A) recommended by the doctor B) at a more reasonable priceC) with a longer safety record D) approved by the media6. Avorn worries about the elderly most because they usually _.A) suffer from serous diseasesB) arent included in the trials of new drugsC) are easily influenced by advertisementsD) dont consult doctors before taking a new drug7. Avorn suggests that we should change the doctor if _.A) he cant treat your illness well B) he recommends untested drugsC) the drug prescribed by him is ineffectiveD) he doesnt want to answer your questions8. Information on clinical trials and side effects of a drug can be found in its _.9. Drugs with similar names may result in errors in _.10. When Posicor is used with other heart medications, it will lead to _.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. When you have to meet someone from a different culture, be prepared. If you understand cultural differences, you will be a better _(47) even before you open your mouth!In many Western cultures, men stand up before they are introduced to someone _(48). Standing up shows politeness and respect. After that, someone well usually offer to shake hands. But in the East, _(49) introductions often begin and end with bowing rather than shaking hands.Now, lets look at the simple introduction of shaking hands. Americans like a(n) _ (50) handshake. But the French _(51) a light, short handshake. If you shake a Frenchmans hand the American way, he may think youre _(52). People in Eastern European countries and some Latino cultures prefer shorter handshakes, too. Hugging after shaking hands is also a common introduction. Dont be scared or _(53) if you meet someone in Brazil and he gives you a bug. If you _(54) this gesture, your friendship may not start well! The proper customs for eye contact vary between cultures, too. Westerners appreciate regular eye contact during conversations. Refusing to look a Westerner in the eye may be understood as lack or trust, or maybe _(55). But in some African countries, too much eye contact can offend or sometimes have romantic meanings. Some people in Middle Eastern countries may appear to have their eyes half-closed while talking to you. Although it might seem like theyre tired or bored, such behavior is normal and should not be taken _(56)A) therapy I) insignificantB) uncultured J)communicatorC) boredom K) importantD) thereby L) illustrateE) prefer M) offended F) firm N) typicalG) misinterpret O) imageH) personallySection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. To forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your complaints and hatred. But forgiveness is possible - and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. People who forgive show less depression, anger and stress and more hopefulness, says Frederic, Ph.D., author of Forgive for Good. So it can help save on the wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and allow people to feel more vital. So how do you start the healing? Try following these steps: Calm yourself. To remove your anger, try a simple stress-management technique. Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love, Frederic says. Dont wait for an apology. Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apologizing, Frederic says. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just dont see things the same way. So if you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time. Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean reconciliation with the person who upset you or neglecting his or her action. Take the control away from your offender. Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you, Frederic says. Try to see things from the other persons perspective. If you empathize with that person, you may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear - even love. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to yourself from your offenders point of view. Recognize the benefits of forgiveness. Research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better sleep patterns.Dont forget to forgive yourself. For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge, Frederic says. But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you dont do it.57. By saying that forgiveness “can help save on the wear and tear on our organs,” Frederic, Ph.D. means that _?A) People are likely worn out by crying when they get hurtB) we may get physically damaged if we stick to the hurtC) our physical conditions benefit most from forgiveness.D) the immune system is closely related with our organs58. When you try to calm your self, you are actually trying to _.A) recall things you loveB) show you are angryC) relieve your stress D) breathe normally59. Your offender may not want to apologize because _.A) they are afraid that they won be forgivenB) they dont even realize they had hurt youC) they dont share the same feeling with you D) they think that time can heal any wound60. You will still be under the control of the offender if _.A) the offender refuses to reconcile with youB) you keep reminding yourself of the painC) the offender never feels sorry to you D) you dont find love, beauty or kindness61. What can enable you to gain the offenders perspective?A) Empathizing with the offender.B) Realizing the reason for the offenders action.C) Writing a letter to the offender. D) Doing the same thing the offender did to you.Passage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. A small comet impact on Earth is the most likely extraterrestrial（地球外的） object to kill millions of people and it could happen at any moment, according to a British expert. Dr Matt Genge, from Londons Natural History Museum, has investigated the damage a wide range of small meteorites (陨星) and comets would have, if they struck our planet. He identifies comets between just 50 to 100 meters wide as the most terrifyingly destructive, with massive heat and shock waves burning people and crushing buildings. He explains that while meteorites bigger than two kilometers could wipe out humanity, these hits are expected only once every million years or so. Smaller ones could still lead to the deaths of tens of millions and arrive much more frequently. These are therefore much more dangerous, he said. A 60-metre-wide comet exploded over Siberia in 1908 with 600 times the energy of the bomb dropped on Hiroshima. It laid waste to a 40-km-wide patch of forest, but, fortunately, the area was unpopulated. Comets of this size are expected to strike the Earth every 100 to 300 years. If the 1908 comet had arrived just eight hours earlier, it would have struck London, killing everyone and destroy everything as Dr Genge described. Dr Genge looked at the physical properties of meteorites and comets to identify the Siberian-type strike as the most dangerous. Ironically, it is because the 50- to 100-metre-wide comets are so weak that they are so dangerous. They break up into fragments which explode just a few kilometers above the ground - the optimum（最优） altitude for maximum devastation (毁灭), said Dr Genge. Stone and metal meteorites of similar size are much stronger and do not break up and explode. However, 100-meter-wide metal meteorites will create a blast area of 60 kilometers across compared to just two kilometers for a stone meteorites of the same size. The metals higher density is to blame. Dr Genge believes that this type of analysis will help to decide what level of danger an Earth-bound object would pose and aid decisions about what course of action to take. 62. According to Dr. Genge, “small” comets are more destructive than big ones because _.A) they will burn people and crush buildingsB) they are expected much more frequentlyC) they kill more peopleD) they release greater energy63. What do we learn about the 1908 comet?.A) It came 8 hours earlier than expected.B) It killed everyone in London.B) It destroyed a forest D) It was 600 times the size of a bomb64. The author cited the 1908 comet as an example for the purpose of _.A) explaini