2008年职称英语等级考试试题及答案-综合类A级.doc

2008年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类（A级）试题第1部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题l分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1With immense relief, I stopped running. Asome B enormous Clittle D extensive2The scientists began to accumulate data. Acollect Bhandle Canalyze D investigate3Jack eventually overtook the last truck. Ahit Bpassed CreachedD led4Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance. Apossible Bprofitable Ceasy D wise5The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle. Afact B mystery CstatementD game6That guy is really witty. Asmart Bugly ChonorableDpopular7The world champion suffered a sensational defeat. Areasonable Bdramatic Chumiliating Dhorrifying8It seems that only Mary is eligible. for the job. Aprepared Btrained Cqualified Dguided9This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a town in the South. Apraises Bwrites Cimitates Ddescribes10 The meaning is still obscure. Avague Btransparent Calien Dsignificant11 Dumped waste might contaminate water supplies. A destroy Bdecrease C delay Dpollute12 One theory postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and Persia. Aassumes Bexpects Cpredicts Dconsiders13 It is very difficult for a child to adhere to rules. Aremember Bfollow CunderstandDlearn14 I hope that I didnt do anything absurd 1ast night. Aawkward Bstrange Cstupid Dawful15 There should be laws that prohibit smoking around children. Aforbid Badvocate Cinherit Dwithdraw第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题l分，共7分） 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。What is Globalization? It was the anti-globalization movement that really put globalization on the map. As a word it has existed since the l 960s, but the protests against this allegedly new process, which its opponents condemn as a way of ordering peoples lives, brought globalization out of the financial and academic worlds and into everyday current affairs. In the late l980s and early l990s, the business model called the “globalized” financial market came to be seen as an entity that could have more than just an economic impact on the parts of the world It touched. Globalization came to be seen as more than simply a way of doing business, or running financial markets-it became a process. From then on the word took on a life of its own. So how does the globalized market work? It is modern communications that make it possible；for the British service sector to deal with its customers through a call centre in India, or for a sportswear（运动服）manufacturer to design its products in Europe, make them in south. east Asia and sell them in north America. But this is where the antiglobalization side gets stuck in（关注）. If these practices replace domestic economic life with an economy that is heavily influenced or controlled from overseas. then the creation of a globalized economic model and the process of globalization can also be seen as a surrender of power to the corporations, or a means of keeping poorer nations in their place. Not everyone agrees that globalization is necessarily evil, or that globalized corporations are running the lives of individuals or are more powerful than nations. Some say that the spread of globalization, free markets and free trade into the developing world is the best way to beat poverty - the only problem is that free markets and free trade do not yet truly exist. Globalization can be seen as a positive, negative or even marginal process. And regardless of whether it works for good or ill, globalizations exact meaning will continue to be the subject of debate among those who oppose, Support or simply observe it. 16 Globalization is a term used only in the financial and academic worlds. ARight BWrong CNot mentioned17 Globalization can be best understood as a way of doing business. ARight BWrong CNot mentioned18 Modern communications play an important role in globalization. ARight BWrong CNot mentioned19 Britain has benefited quite a lot from globalization. ARight BWrong CNot mentioned20 The opponents believe that globalization will keep the poorer nations in poverty. ARight BWrong CNot mentioned21 The opponents think that globalized corporations have more power than nations. ARight BWrong CNot mentioned22 Free markets and free trade will eventually prevail. ARight BWrong CNot mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题l分，共8分） 下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。A New Citizenship Test1Last week, a sample of the new US citizenship（公民身份）exam was released by the US Citizenship and Immigration Services（US-CIS）. It will be tried out in 10 cities early next year to replace the current test in 2008. Instead of asking how many stripes the US flag has, as the current test does, the new one asks why there are l3 stripes. Instead of having to name the branches of government, an applicant is asked to explain why there are three. 2“The goal is to make it more meaningful.” explains Emilio Gonzalez, director of the US-CIS. Immigrants who pass it are expected to have a better “understanding and respect” for US civic（公民的）values, Gonzalez says. 3The US isnt the only country dealing with citizenship tests that aim to get a “shared commitment” from immigrants for their adopted countrys “values”. In recent years, in addition to the usual requirement of language/work skills and economic status, several European countries have adopted citizenship tests. Britain introduced a new citizenship test last November. In March, a new Dutch law took effect requiring all would-be immigrants to take a citizenship test. it involved watching a video showing nude（裸体的）women bathing at beaches and gay（同性恋的）men kissing in public. The aim was to ensure that “newcomers will be comfortable with the countrys liberal social mores（风俗）”. 4Europe has been known for welcoming immigrants for decades. But, today, the fact is that some immigrants are kept apart from local citizens by culture and they become hostile to each other. Promoting integration has become a major concern for European countries, after the rioting in Muslim ghettoes（少数民族聚居区）in France and the killing of Dutch public figures by religious extremists.5Officials believe that a persons attachment to, a country can be tested by his or her knowledge of the country. However, some critics say that the changes can do little to help people assimilate（同化）themselves. “Immigration is a culture war today. Is giving a new test the right way to lessen the accusations in that fight?” says Ali Noorani, of the Massachusetts Immigrant and Refugee Advocacy Coalition（难民辩护联盟）. 23Paragraph 2_24Paragraph 3_. 25Paragraph 4_26Paragraph 5_. APreparation for taking a citizenship testBCitizenship tests in European countriesCImportance of promoting integrationDNecessity to know the branches of governmentEDifferent views on the new citizenship testFGoal of the new citizenship test27The questions in the new citizenship test are more difficult_. 28Would-be immigrants to the US are expected_. 29In the Dutch citizenship test, all would-be immigrants are required_. 30Some people fear that changes in the citizenship test will do little_Ato know a lot more about the countyBto watch a videoCto help immigrants accept the new cultureDto marry American citizensEto do low-skill jobsFto answer第4部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇Centers of the Great European Cities The centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition. People gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the night. A mixture of locals and tourists make for an exciting. metropolitan（大都市的）atmosphere. Squares, plazas（广场）and arcades（拱廊）form the heart of Europes cities. Venice in Italy has the Piazza San Marco - a beautiful square surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafes. In Barcelona, Spain, La Bosqueria is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goods. Londons Covent Garden is filled with fruit and vegetable stalls by day and musicians, acrobats（杂技演员）and artists by night. The government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive. In London, they serve as a beautiful backdrop（背景）to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the Thames. These vibrant（有活力的）hearts are the product of centuries of evolution, social historian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently. “The reason people think Venice is so great today is you dont see all the mistakes,” said Garreau. “Those have all been removed.” Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car, so bars, restaurants and cafes were near to peoples homes. Today, the focus of many Europeans life has moved away from the centers. They live in the suburbs and outskirts, driving to supermarkets to get their supplies. But on a continent where people treasure convention, there are still those who hold onto traditional ways, living and shopping locally. These people, together with tourists, provide the city centers with their reason for existence. Coffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing. This is particularly true of Paris whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists. This skill is developed over many hours spent chaffing over espressos（浓咖啡）and cigarettes. Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere. People in Roman Catholic countries used to visit the Church on an almost daily basis. Entire communities would gather in the same building and then move out to the markets, cafs and bars in the surrounding streets. An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the Duomo. The huge marble cathedral in Florence, Italy is surrounded by bakeries and coffee shops, and caters（迎合）not only to the tourist crowds, but also the local community. 31It can be inferred from the first paragraph that each big city in EuropeA has many large squares.B has many very magnificent sky-scrapers.C draws tourists in large numbers every yeanD has a center where tourists meet their spouses. 32Which statement is NOT true of Covent Garden? A It is crowded with people. B It is located in London. CIt is filled with stalls. D It is surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafes. 33Why do people think that Venice is so great? ；ABecause it is a famous tourist attraction. BBecause you can reach anywhere by boat. CBecause it is well-known for its merchants. D Because all the mistakes have been removed. 34What are Parisians famous for ?ATheir pursuit of independence. BTheir enthusiasm for conversation. CTheir ability to keep the city flourishing. DTheir devotion to developing a multiple culture. 35The writer cites the Duomo in the last paragraph as an example to illustrate thatAthere is a tight link between church and society. Ball churches are magnificent. Cold churches are very popular. Dhighrise churches are impressive. 第二篇 Doubtful Ways to Reduce and Increase Your Weight You hear this：“No wonder you are fat. All you ever do is eat.” You feel sad: “I skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do?” Basically you can do nothing. Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it. Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that, “80 percent of the children of two obese（肥胖的）parents become obese, as compared with no more than l4 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight. ” How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well, dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day. After more than 10 weeks, the subjects lost 45kg on average. But after leaving the hospital, they all regained weight. The results were surprising: by metabolic（新陈代谢的）measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving. They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet. They were anxious and depressed; some were suicidal. They hid food in their rooms. Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesnt result in normal weight, but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people. Thin people however, suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims, of the University of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months, they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended, they were back to normal weight and stayed there. This does not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight. The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true - each person has a comfortable weight range. The range might be as much as 9kg. Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort. But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.36What determines your weight? AYour working manner. BYour eating habit, CYour life style. DYour genes. 37What did Jules Hirsch do to the eight fat people in his study? A He let them skip supper. B He let them skip breakfast. C He let them run every morning and evening. D He gave them a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day. 38What happened to the eight fat people after they left the hospital? AThey went mad. BThey killed themselves. CThey were back to normal weight. DThey attempted suicide. 39Ethan Sims made his subjects Abattle their genetic inheritance. Bincrease their weight. Csuffer from hunger. Dlower their weight. 40What did scientists think was true? A Each person has a fixed weight range. B Each person has a weight range of 9kg. C Each person wants to control his or her weight. D Each person wants to eat to his or her hearts content. 第三篇Shaming PunishmentsLast month, James Connolly, a junior at the University of Massachusetts, stood in front of a local police station wearing a toga（长袍）as punishment. His crime? He was charged with underage drinking, illegal possession of alcohol and excessive noise while holding a party. This shaming punishment has increased in the US in recent years, mostly imposed by local judges for less-serious crimes, such as drunk driving and theft. They believe shame is the best petty crime deterrent（威慑）. For example, in Tennessee, Judge James McKenzie has made shoplifters（商店货物扒手）stand outside Wal-Mart with signs that read. “I am a thief put here by order of Judge McKenzie”. “Alternative punishments like community service and fines dont convey moral condemnation（谴责）of the criminal, ”said Dan Kahan, a University of Chicago Law School professor, in an article published on the universitys website. “They arent shameful enough.”Shaming punishments are sometimes called Scarlet（红色的）Letter punishments. The name comes from US author Nathaniel Hawthornes l 850 novel The Scarlet Letter. In this novel, a woman is forced to wear a scarlet “A” on her clothes as punishment for her adultery（通奸）. However, University of lowa law professor Andrew Hosmanek said there is an important difference between the shaming punishments of colonial America and those assigned in states like Tennessee. “Early societies often had a re-acceptance ceremony to welcome the offender back into main society,” says Hosmanek. “Contemporary punishments in America lack this.”Supporters of shaming punishment argue that public shaming is a good way of expressing community values. Some judges say shamed offenders seldom repeat their crimes. Others arent so sure. “There is little evidence to suggest that shaming punishments are successful in preventing people from committing specific crimes. And a shamed criminal may face a hard battle to regain credibility in society,” said Hosmanek. “So, a shaming punishment may force the offender into more crime to support himself.”Experts also debate shaming punishments damage to human dignity. “Since the point is to shame, its of course degrading（侮辱人格的）, ” said Linda Malone, director of the Human Rights and National Security Law Programme at William and Mary Law School. “US law only prohibits punishment that is cruel and unusual - not inhuman and degrading. Its very difficult for a thief to prove that holding a sign in front of Wal-Mart is cruel and unusual.”41James Connolly was accused of all the following crimes EXCEPTAillegally possessing alcohol. Bsmuggling drugs. Cdrinking at an illegal age. Dmaking too