(沈世虎)2013届英语高考考前板块复习指导及应考策略之我见.doc

2013届芜湖市高三英语复习教学研讨会交流材料2013届英语高考考前板块复习指导及应考策略之我见安徽芜湖县教学研究室 沈世虎A、英语考试的考前需知及答题技巧 考生在英语考试之前听10分钟左右的英语磁带。如果没有可能就读10-15分钟左右的英语课文。这叫“英语热身”。这样考试时就可迅速进入英语思维。 一、具体答题技巧如下： 1。听力 :注意重点词句 1.重视试听，熟悉朗读者的语音语调、音质、语速（不一定完全听懂）。一经开考，就能迅速自然地进入状态。 2.预览问题，大胆猜测，带着问题听。 3.听时做简单记录，如数字、地名、人名。 4.学会抓住关键词语，学会预测。 5.回答概括中心的题，注意重点词(反复出现的词)，重点句(尤其是首尾句)。 6.念两遍的材料，第一遍重在听，可做简单判断，第二遍进一步判断、核查。 7.根据单词重音、句子重音、语调语速的变化判断句意。 8.比较长的对话与独白常常附了三四道题，一般是先念的先考。2. 单项填空 要瞻前顾后 从高考情况看，单项选择的覆盖面很广，它不是孤立地考查语法知识，而是强调语言的交际功能。近年来其内容愈来愈贴近生活，因此我们同学除了复习考纲所列的词汇和语法知识，还要注意归纳英汉两种文化的差异，熟悉所学的习惯用法，提高顺应语境的能力。1. 仔细看题干，不要只读带空格的那一句。要瞻前顾后，上挂下连，首尾呼应。 2. 含两个空的题，先确定有把握的那一个。不好判断的题可采用排除法。 3.单选的重点在动词，应特别注意时态、情态动词、非谓语动词的使用及短语动词的辨析。 4.题目是疑问句，可先变为陈述句，被动的先变为主动，省略的先还原成完整结构，均有利于判断。 5.审题时要注意情感分析、交际原则，不可死扣语法规则。 在解题的过程中，我们可以根据已掌握的语法、基础知识点，揣摩出题的角度，看出测试的意图，仔细分析句子语法结构成分，找出关键词，体会上下文语境，领悟句意，采用转化，破定势思维，排除.等方法来解题3. 完形填空 完形填空的特点突出语篇，强调应用，注重交际 辨析词意，以实词为主题材多为记叙文，且第一句不设空完形填空的解题思路跳过空格，通读全文， 把握大意结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案瞻前顾后，先易后难， 个个击破 再读全文，反复检查具体做法 1 .粗读全文，了解文章大意。 2.细读第一句，因为第一句一般不挖空，是全文的窗口。 3.第一遍重在理解全文，可确定有把握的答案。 4.第二遍逐个解决时，注意后线索的现象。 5.答案不仅要在原句中合理，也要在全文中合理，要有全局观。 6.短文中的连词、代词等作用重大，不可忽略。 7.具体判断时可考虑动作顺序、时间关系、情感因素、同义词、反义词等问题。 8.重点注意名次、动词的用法、搭配与辨析。4. 阅读理解跳读找细节，掠读找中心 1. 先看文章再做题，先看题再读文章，两种方法各有利弊。高考时不要临时改变自己一贯熟悉的做法。 2 .最好先大概扫一眼文章，再细读全文。遇有个别词、句不明白应大胆向前看，不要频繁回读。 3. 注意文章标题，这是全文中心意思的体现。 4. 借助跳读找细节，借助掠读找中心。扩大眼幅，争取一眼看三四个词。 5. 全文中心体现的是各段之和。干扰项或是远离文章内容，或是以偏 概全。段落中心常与该段首句、尾句相关。 6. 猜测词义时，一定要回到原文中，因为没有上下文就没有词义。事实细节确认题一定要核准原文，不可仅凭印象。 7. 推理判断题应注意从文章作者立场出发，从短文中找答案，而不是问你作为一名中学生的看法。5. 任务型阅读 有的省份高考英语增加了任务型阅读的考查，要求考生根据阅读文章提供的信息用恰当的词语完成与短文相关的图表，并有一定字数的限制。解题步骤：三读法1.略读快速浏览抓住文章中心大意以及文章的结构(借助所给图表结构）。2. 细读带着问题，找到文章对应点，确认题型，分析整理归纳信息并且准确表达信息。3.复读 复读文章，反复揣摩所填之词是否符合文章内容，其拼写是否正确。解题时要注意什么？1.审文章提示 .字数的限制.是否可以用原文中的单词。2.审结构表达 .整个文章结构(大小标题）.内容表达 短语类 句子类-对应3.审语法运用 .字母大小写.名词的数和格.动词的形式.形容词副词的比较级最高级. 连词，介词. 时态语态，主谓一致，第三人称等6. 书面表达 仔细审题看清要求 1. 仔细审题，看清题目要求与注意事项。 2. 确定文章类型，如是记叙文，一般用过去时；如是说明文，主要用现在时。 3. 看全内容要点，主要内容缺一不可。 4. 尽量写草稿，实在没时间也要写一个简略提纲。 5.用你见过的句型来写，不生造中国式的英文。 6.写好首句尾句，注意关联词语的使用。 7.可适当使用复杂结构和较高级的词汇， 但应以准确传达意思为第一原则。 8.书写规范，卷面整洁，切忌胡乱涂写。B、 考场上及考前心理调适应注意的事项高考如打仗，有战略上的全局安排，也有战术上的灵活机动。在考试中，有一些策略性和技巧性问题是要掌握的，即常言说的“考试经验”。一个人的考试分数主要取决于他对所学知识的掌握程度，但考试经验无疑也能对考试成绩产生很大影响。考生在走进考场后，应尽快调适好应考心态，接着要做的事情，就是如何充分利用时间，这是临场发挥的一项重要内容。考前准备及心理调试 注意放松身心 放松身心，可以适当进行一些体育、娱乐活动，并应该坚持到临考前。 1. 适当的体育运动，比如散步、做操、慢跑等有助于心情稳定与放松，但不要做剧烈的运动，比如，不要过多时间进行体力消耗大、易产生疲劳感的篮球、羽毛球等球类运动。最好不要游泳、爬山，以免出现意外伤害。 2.还可适当有些娱乐活动，听听自己喜欢的音乐，看看自己喜欢看的轻松的电视节目，帮助自己情绪放松。3. 最好不要上网，不要看有强烈刺激的武打、枪战等情节的影视作品，否则容易在大脑皮层中产生兴奋，干扰复习4. 临近高考前几天的时间，考生要调 整自己的生物钟。很多考生愿意晚上熬夜去复习，第二天他的精神状态就不够好。我们知道高考是上午考一门，下午考一门，所以你要把你最幸奋的状态调整到上午9、10点钟，下午3、4点钟这个状态。5. 高考在即, 为了在考试中充分发挥自己的应有水平,取得好的成绩,建议考生还应该注意调整应试心态。1、认真研究高考试卷 2、静心重温基础知识 3、确立良好心理素质 4、树立正确的考试观 5、提前进入“考生角色 如何调整考前心理状态，是所有考生和家长普遍重视的问题。在此我们对考生提出如下建议：1. 客观估计正确定位: 考生对自己的应试能力须有正确、客观的估计，从实际出发，确定适当的考试目标和期望值，给自己一个正确的定位，切忌好高骛远和与人攀比。2. 优化情绪,增强自信 : 考生考前会遇到很多压力和挫折，情绪出现波动是正常的，但考生要有意识地加以控制，并及时调整，尽量使自己处于心平气和、情绪饱满的状态。3. 通过积极的自我想象，体验过去的成功经验，以唤起自己的良好情绪，同时要学会放松，在出现紧张情绪时，采取深呼吸的方法慢慢呼气、吸气，同时放松全身肌肉。持续做35分钟的练习，也能缓解紧张情绪。4. 考生可以在临考前，特别是在最后几天，每天默念几遍“我一定能考好”、“我一定能成功”等具有积极自我暗示作用的话语，来增强自信心。另外，考前几天，为了保持状态，每天还要做适量的练习，但不要再做难题. 最后预祝所有的考生在2008年的高考中取得优异成绩，金榜题名。C、平时训练中应该注意各题型时间分配： （仅供参考） 题型分值时间听力2020单选1510完型2020阅读3030任务型阅读1015写作2525每位考生应根据自己的具体情况匀出五分钟检查答题情况的时间。D、主要考点和题型答题技巧例析高考英语单选等考点回顾句型句式结构特点与规律一、特殊句式如When it comes to-1. Listening attentively in class and reviewing in time _ a sure way to improve your learning, and this is especially true _ it comes to standard tests. A is , when B are, when C is, while D are, as 2. He is a man of few words, but when it comes to _ computer, he will be excited and full of energy.A play B playing C played D being played 答案：A B二、With 复合结构1. With too many construction projects _ all the strength out of the economy, people of the small country complained a lot. A sucking B to suck C being sucked D being sucking2. None of them had expected that the middle-aged engineer died _ his design uncompleted.A of B without C from D with 答案：A D三、强调句型1. It was his nervousness in the interview, I think, _ , probably lost his job. A which B that C what D why2. What was it that you had _ last night? It was too noisy. - Oh, sorry. It was the washer. I promise you it wont happen any more. A work B working C to work D worked3. It was _ was a waste land ten years ago _ a modern city has been set up on. A which, where B where , that C what, that D that, which4. -How long is _ _ the man-made satellite _ is made in our country to orbit the planet a round? -48 hours, to be exact. A. it, that it takes, which B. it , when, that C. it ,for , that it takes D. it, that , where5. - _ matters to do the job well -what you are or where you come from? - Neither. It depends on whether you put your heart into it. A which is it that B what it is that C which it is that D what is it which答案：BBCAA四、As 倒装1. _, I have never seen anyone who is as capable as John. A As long as I have traveled B Now that I have traveled so much C Much as I have traveled D As I have traveled so much2. - Can James finish such difficult work? - Yes, _ he is. A whatever B if only a child C child as D a child even if答案：DC五、祈使句+and/or+主语-1. _ doing such foolish thing, or you will be punished in time. A Stopped B Stop C You stopping D Stopping 2. _, I think, and the problems could be settled. A If you double your efforts B So long as you keep up your spirits C Making greater efforts D A bit more efforts3. Someone _ up your seat to the lady with a baby,please. A will give B would give C gives D give答案：BDD六、倒装1. _ about the Milu deer that they decided to go to Dafeng for further research. A So curious the couple was B So curious were the couple C How curious the couple were D What a curious couple was2. There was a loud explosion in the street._ from the stores to see what had happened.A Out people rushed B Out rushed peopleC Rushed people out D Out did people rush3. How was the televised debate last night? Super! Rarely _ so much media attention. 上海卷 A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract C. a debate did attractD. attracted a debate答案：BBB七、省略n 1. Some companies have introduced flexible working time with less emphasis on pressure _. A than more or efficiency B and more efficiency C and more on efficiency D than efficiencyn 2. In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than _.安徽卷 A. that used to be B. it is used to C. it was used to D. it used to be3. In Martin Luther Kings time, the money spent in educating a black child was just one fourth of _ on each white child. A that spent B what has spend C it had been D that was spent答案：CDA八、定语从句n 1. The key to the success of any film is finding a capable and qualified artistic director,_ I always hope to be. A who B that C what D which2. Mr. Zhang is such a considerate person _ all his colleagues like to work with. A that B so C which D as3. After graduation she reached a point in her career _she needed to decide what to do. 江西卷 A. that B. what C. which D. wheren 4. Today, well discuss a number of cases_ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 陕西卷 A. which B. as C. why D. where答案：DDDD九、同位语从句n 1. Chances are high _ China and Russia will make an agreement to build an oil pipeline. A when B where C that D which2. Have you got the message I left with your colleague _ youll have to attend a meeting tomorrow afternoon? A in which B with which C that D whichn 3. Some people are born with the belief _ they are masters of their own while others feel _ they are at the mercy of others. A what ,that B that , what C that , / D / , that答案：CCC十、让步状语从句n 1. _ of you comes across trouble, Ill do what I can to help him. A .Who B .Whomever C .Whichever D .Whom2. _ you like, you can take it away. A .What B .Whichever C .No matter how D .However muchn 3. _, we can overcome it . A Whatever the difficulty is great B However the difficulty is great C However great the difficulty is D No matter how the difficulty is greatn 4. _, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. 重庆卷 A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strange C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound答案：CBCD十一、独立主格结构1. All the seats_, we had to stand there. A were taken B had been taken C taken D having taken2. Not far from the club, there was a garden, _ owner seated in it playing bridge with his children every afternoon. A whose B its C which D that 3. Weather _, we will go to the park tomorrow. A .permitted B.permitting C .being permitted D. to permit答案：CBB十二、Where地点状语从句n 1. The price of any product is linked to a complicated system of prices _ everything depends on everything else. A that B which C where D when n 2. As far as I know, there have been few cases _ the interests and rights of Olympic sponsors have been infringed on (侵害）. A where B that C which D on which 3. Put the books back _ they belong after you have finished them. A where B to where C to which D to the place 答案：CAA十三、It is/was +time +before/since/when1. - John got injured in the game. - Would it be at least a fortnight _ he could recover and return to school. A when B that C since D before2. - Have you got the results of the final exam? - Not yet. It will be a few days _ we know the full results. A before B after C until D when3. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _ we meet them again. 安徽卷 A. after B. before C. since D. When4.He was told that it would be at least three more months _he could recover and return to work. 江西卷A. when B. before C. since D .that答案：DABB十四、What 从句1. _ surprises us most is that she doesnt even know _ the difference between the two opinions lies. A It , which B What , what C What , where D That , where2. While these different forms of greetings and customs might seem strange to you, remember _ you consider normal probably seems equally strange to others. A that B what C which D when3. As is recorded in history, silkworms were first raised by a woman in _ is today Hebei province. A where B the place C what D which4. The hospital has been set up in _ was a waste land many years ago. A which B that C where D what答案：CBCD十五、表达顺序n 1. -Would you like to join us in the game? -No, not really. Im not _ any of you.A as good player B so good a player as C as a good player as D so a good player as n 2. The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. _ it was! 上海卷 A. What a dangerous scene B. What dangerous a scene C. How a dangerous scene D. How dangerous the scene 答案：BA十六、倍数表达1. As we have known from the map of the world, this is _ . A twice as large an island as that B twice as larger as that island C as twice large as that one D twice as a large island as that 2. After the new technique was introduced the factory produced _ cars in 1994 as the year before. A as twice many B as many twice C twice as many D twice as3. In area it is approximately the same size as the USA (without Alaska), _, however, has _. A which, more than fourteen times as many people B which, fourteen times more than many people C what, as fourteen times as many people D where, more than fourteen times as many people 答案：ACA十七、非谓语动词作状语+主句1. in the street, a terrible car accident happened, resulting in three deaths. A While walking B Walk C Walking D When I was walking 2. Faced with a bill for 10,000, _. A John has taken an extra job B the boss has given John an extra job C an extra job has been taken D an extra job has been given to John3. _ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven 4. _ that she didnt do a good job, I dont think I am abler than her. 2007 陕西卷 A. To have said B. Having said C. To say D. Saying答案：DAAB十八、can never/ cant 与too, too much, enough, over- 搭配表示“无论怎样.都不过分” 1. William Hartley was handsome, determined and hardworking, in a word, I couldnt speak too highly of him. 2. The development of society has made it necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English, so we cant overemphasize the importance of learning English 十九 、It +系动词+adj./ n.+ for sb. to do (for sb.表示动词不定式动作的执行者)n It +系动词+adj.+ of sb. to do （of sb.既表示动词不定式动作的执行者有表示人所具备的性质或特征）n 1). Its important for us to have a good knowledge of English.n 2). How rude of him to treat a child like that!n 3). Its thoughtful of him to fix us up for the night.二十、There is (no) need to do./ for .-or/ It is( not )necessary for sb. to do.n There is( no )hope/ chance / possibility of doing.n There is( no )difficulty/ trouble/ point/ delay( in )doingn Is there any chance of us/ our winning the match?n There is no point in discussing the problem again. 完形填空应对篇章的正确答题步骤:跳过空格，通读全文， 把握大意结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案瞻前顾后，先易后难， 各个击破再读全文，反复检查（一）词语搭配The professor begins by selecting one 1 of art. After giving us a quick background on the artist , he will open up for class 2 . 1. A. book B. passage C. text D. work2. A. discussion B. activity C. argument D. consideration（二）词义辨析类在完形填空题各空格所提供的四个选项中，往往存在大量同义词、近义词、反义词、同类词等等（也有一部分没有任何关系的词汇掺在其中），这就要我们予以严格地区分和细心地比较，看其搭配、惯用法，尤其看其内涵和外延，即词义的差异，才能找出一个合乎情理的答案。But I was going along cheerfully, thinking about the dinner I would eat when I 36 to Salisbury.36. A. reached B. arrived C. got D. ledThe tourist paid 700 pounds for the painting,but he admitted that he didnt know its_1_worth. 1. A.practical B.additional C.adequate D.actualDad looked at me again. “When you didnt turn up , I called the garage to ask if there were any 1 , and they told me you hadnt yet picked up the car.” 1. A. questions B. problems C. mistakes D. faults（三）推理判断根据语境分析，进行推理判断，是做完形填空题的必备的素质.因为完形填空中的任何一句话往往都不是孤立存在的，而是要靠上下问作依托，看前因后果才能确立的。更何况有些空格中的选项都可能是搭配，但搭配不同，则意义可能就不一样了。Students generally appreciate these special 50 opportunities.They are almost always fun and interesting,and professors 51 them too because students learn somuch in just a few short months.50. A. working B. living C. teaching D. learning51. A. hold B. like C. dislike D. discover（四）主旨大意完形填空对主旨大意题的考查，更为隐蔽，更为灵活。如果能破解这样一道或两道的设题（同一篇里不会有太多这样的设置），对于理清文章思路，统领全篇和把握作者的态度或思想感情，都有着不可估量的作用，否则可能导致几个空格的选填失误。 In China, students learn English at school as a 1 language, except for those in Hong Kong, where many people speak English as a 2 or a 3 language.1. A. foreign B. native 2. A. first B. foreign 3. A. native B. second 三、灵活的解题技巧1.瞻前顾后、左顾右盼、上下求索。2.掌握固定搭配与同义词的辨析3.分清逻辑关系，注意文中分类、对比、从属、并列等关系所用的词语。4.充分利用你的常识。1、根据上下文解题1) (2005NMET)My sister and I grew up in a little village in England.Our father was a struggling 36 , but I always knew he was 37 he never criticized us ,but used 38 (praise)to bring out our best father said: “when I was 23, my dad persuaded me to go into law”.36. A. biologist B. manager C. lawyer D. gardener37. A. strict B. honest C. special D. learned3)It has been many years since I was last in London, _ I still remember something that happened during that visit. A. andB. for C. but D. as2. 根据固定搭配、词语辨析解题1) He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming_1_.So he shouldnt have gone into that place. 1.A.after all B.in all C.at all D.for all2) So I tried hard with my writing and went to college . My first novel 45 while I was at college. 45. A. came on B. came in C. came out D. came back3、根据逻辑推理解题1) and the officers then began to eat their meal , saying that the mushrooms had a very strange 38 quite pleasant taste.38. A. besides B. but C. and D. or 2) It