2012年职称英语考试试题之冲刺试题第五套.doc

2012年职称英语考试试题之冲刺试题第五套第2部分：阅读判断The Fat Problem that Men FaceIt is a pleasure to see men of a certain age worrying about their weight. Listening to them is not such a pleasure. Because the men are new at the game, they dont hesitate to discuss the fat problem incessantly. However women of the same age do not discuss the fat problem, especially not in mixed company. They prefer to face the problem with quiet dignity. Discussing the problem might only draw attention to some stray body part that may be successfully tucked away under an article of clothing.The age at which a man begins to explore the fat problem can vary. The actual problem can manifest itself in the early 30s, but broad-range discussion usually starts later. There are early nonverbal symptoms. Ive watched the rugged journalist who shares my apartment sneak by with a Diet Coke. His shirts are no longer neatly tucked in to display a trim waist. Recently he has begun to verbalize his anxiety. He tells me, with a sheepish grin, that he is taking his suits to Chinatown to have them “tailored”.Still-older men have lost their dignity and rattle on unabashedly. Often wives and children play important roles in their fat-inspection rituals. Take my oldest brother, a former college football player. His daughter says that several times a day he will stand at attention and call out, “Fat, medium or thin?” She knows the correct answer:medium. Thin would be an obvious stretch, and fat may not get her that new video. According to his wife, he stands in front of the mirror in the morning(before the days meals take their toll), puts his hands behind his head and lurches into a side bend, then clutches the roll that has developed and says, “am I getting fatter?”His wife is expected to answer, “you look like you may have lost a few pounds”.And then there are the ex-husbands a pitiful group. They are extremely vocal. When I go to the movies with one, he confides that he is suffering from great hunger because he is dieting. He hasnt eaten since the pancakes and sausages he wolfed down that morning. He pauses in his monologue while he buys his popcorn. After the movie, we sprint to a restaurant, where he again pauses to devour a basket of bread. Before he orders his chaste salad and soup, he grows plaintive. Do I think hes fat?1. Men of a certain age are always ready to talk about their fat problem.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned2. Women of a certain age do not discuss the fat problem, especially in the presence of men.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned3. Men usually begin to worry about their weight when they are nearly 40.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned4. The journalist used to drink Diet Coke and tuck his shirts in order to keep trim.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned5. Men older than the journalist never hesitate to talk about their fat problem yet would be displeased if their family members tell them the truth.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 6. My oldest brothers daughter would not tell her father he is fat because she loves him so much that she cannot bear to upset him.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned7. The ex-husbands are pitiful because they have got no wives to sympathize with their fat problem.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned参考答案：A A B B A B C 第3部分：阅读理解Crystal EarOne day a friend asked my wife Jill if I wanted a hearing aid. He certainly does, replied Jill. After hearing about a remarkable new product, Jill finally got up the nerve to ask me if rd ever thought about getting a hearing aid. No way, I said. It would make me look 20 years older. No, no, she replied. This is entirely different. Its Crystal Earl!Jill was right. Crystal Ear is different not the old-styled body worn or over-the-ear aid, bet an advanced personal sound system so small that its like contacts (隐形眼镜) for your ears. And Crystal Ear is super-sensitive and powerful, too. You will hear sounds your ears have been missing for years. Crystal Ear will make speech louder, and the sound is pure and natural.I couldnt believe how tiny it is. It is smaller than the tip of my little finger and its almost invisible when worn. There are no wires, no behind-the-ear device. Put it in your ear and its ready-to-wear mold (形状) fits comfortably. Since its not too loud or too tight, you may even forget that youre wearing it! Use it at work or at play. And if your hearing problem is worse in certain situations, use Crystal Ear only when you need it.Hearing loss, which occurs typically prior to teenage years, progresses throughout ones lifetime. Although hearing loss is now the worlds number one health problem, nearly 90 percent of people suffering hearing loss choose to leave the problem untreated. For many millions, treating hearing loss in a conventional way can involve numerous office visits, expensive testing and adjustments to fit your ear. Thanks to Crystal Ear, the sound solution is now convenient. Almost 90 percent of people with mild hearing loss, and millions more with just a little hearing drop-off (下降), can be dramatically helped with Crystal Ear. Moreover, its superior design is energy-efficient, so batteries can last months. Crystal Ear is now available to help these people treat their hearing loss with a small hearing amplifier (放大器).1 Initially the writer did not want to buy a hearing aid becauseA it would make him look old. B It would make him nervous.C it was too expensive. D it was old-styled.2 Which of the following is NOT true of Crystal Ear?A It is highly sensitive. B It is powerful. C It is invisible. D It is wireless.3 One special feature of Crystal Ear is thatA you can control its volume. B you neednt take it off every day.C it is solar-powered. D it saves power.4 According to the passage, hearing loss isA only a minor health problem. B the worlds most common health problem.C merely a teenage disease. D an incurable disease.5 Many people leave their hearing problem untreated becauseA it is not serious. B Crystal Ear is not yet available.C it is not easy to have it treated. D they dont want to look old.参考答案：A C D B CDont Count on DungConservationists(自然保护主义者)may be miscalculating the numbers of the threatened animals such as elephants.say African and American researchers.The error occurs because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung(粪)the creatures leave behind.The mistake could 1ead researchers to think that there are twice as many elephants as there really are in some regions according to Andrew Plumptre of the Wildlife Conservation Society(wcs) in New YorkBiologist Katy Payne of Cornell University in Ithaca，New York，agrees.“We really need to know elephant numbers and the evidence that we have is quite indirect”says Payne，who electronically tracks elephantsCounting elephants from planes is impossible in the vast rainforests of Central Africa.So researchers often estimate elephant numbers by counting dung piles in a given area.They also need to know the rate at which dung decays Because its extremely difficult to determine these rates.however，researchers counting elephants in one region tend to rely on standard decay rates established elsewhereBut researchers at the WCS have found that this decay rate varies from region to region depending on the climate and environment Using the wrong values can lead the census astray(离开正道)，says PlumptreHe and his colleague Anthony Chifu Nchanji studied decaying elephant dung in the forests of Cameroon They found that the dung decayed between 55 and 65 per cent more slowly than the dung in the rainforests of neighbouring Gabon.If researchers use decay rates from Gabon to count elephants in Cameroon，they would probably find more elephants than are actually around.This could mean estimates in Cameroon are at least twice as high as those derived from decay rates calculated locally，says Plumptre“However accurate your dung density estimate might be.the decay rate can severely affect the result”Plumptre also says that the dungpile census should be carried out over a region similar in size to an elephants natural range The usual technique of monitoring only small，protected areas distorts numbers because elephants move in and out of these regions，he says“If the elephant population increases within the protected area，you can not determine whether 1t is a real increase or whether it is due to elephants moving in because they are being poached(入侵偷猎)outside.”Plumptre says that similar problems may also affect other animal census studies that rely on indirect evidence such as nests，tracks or burrows(地洞)1The word“threatened”in the first sentence of the first paragraph could be best replaced byA “endangered” B “frightened” C “killed” D “angered”2 Why do researchers estimate elephant numbers in an area by counting dung piles?A Because elephants are difficult to catchB Because it is not possible to count elephants from a plane.C Because it is not possible to keep track of elephants.D Because elephants are shy animals3 Piles of dung cant be relied upon when it comes to estimating elephant numbers becauseA they are different in size B they scatter an over the region.C they are different in decay rate. D they are different in quality.4 According to Plumptre，the region over which a dungpile census is carried out should beA small enough B well protected. C carefully monitored. D large enough5The first word“He”in paragraph 6 refers toA Andrew Plumptre B Katy Payne.C Anthony Chifu Nchanji. D the writer of the article.参考答案1 A threatened：有灭绝危险的。threatened animals：有灭绝危险的动物。endangered：有灭绝危险的;有生命危险的。an endangered species：一个有灭绝危险的物种。frightened：受惊的。killed：杀死了的。angered：激怒了的。2 B 该题问的是：为什么研究人员通过数粪堆估计一个地区的象数?第三段有这么一个句子，意思是说：从飞机上数中非广阔的赤道雨林中的象是不可能的，研究人员通过数粪堆估计一个特定地区的粪堆估计该区域的象数。因此B是正确答案。3 C 该题问的是：不可依据粪堆数估计象数的原因是什么?文章第五段第一句话是这么说的：这种取决于气候和环境的腐烂速率在不同的地区是不一样的。可见c是正确的答案。A说的是：它们的大小是不一样的。B说的是：它们散布在整个地区。D说的是：它们的质量是不一样的。4 D 该题问的是：根据Plumptre的观点，选择粪堆普查的地区应符合什么样的条件?倒数第二段提到了P1umDtre的观点，即普查的地区应该大到不能使象自由出入，也就是说，必须足够大。A说的是：足够小。B说的是：得到了很好的保护。c说的是：得到了密切的监控。5 A 该题问的是?第六段的第一个词“He”指谁?一般情况下，代词回指的词必须离得很近。因此必定是“Andrewr Pqumptre”。Benefits of Educating GirlThe benefits of educating girls are numerous to individual girls both when they are young and when they become adult women, to their future families, and to society as whole. Education enables women to contribute more fully to the social and economic development of their societies. A girls education is also an investment in future generations. The more educated a mother is, the more likely are her children particularly her daughters to roll and stay in school.The higher level of education attained by women is strongly associated with lower child death. Experts believe more educated women practice better hygiene and nutrition(营养), use health services more frequently, and survive better. Woman with more schooling tend to be healthier themselves. Perhaps reflecting their improved ability to avoid frequent childbearing (分娩)and to take advantage of available health services during pregnancy(怀孕). The educational level achieved by women, like family planning services, has the most powerful influence on family size. The impact of education on family size is strongest and most consistent for women who have completed some secondary schooling. Educating girls is three times more likely to lower family size than educating boys. Education appears to affect family size in many ways. More educated women not only want fewer children than their less educated husbands, but also are more likely to use effective contraception(避孕) successfully and to limit their families to the number of children, which contribute to smaller family size.Family size is ideal and child death rates are lowest, therefore, in countries that combine strong family planning and health programs with high levels of education for women.31 According to the article, families and the whole society benefit from womens A work. B education. C effort. D health.32 According to the article, mothers education has an effect on childrensA personality. B experience. C grades in school. D years of schooling.33 Lower death rate of children owes to all of the following except womensA good health. B frequent visits to health services.C better utilization of nutrition. D management of family resources.34 In what way do women contribute to the small family size according to the text?A By educating their children. B By marrying late.C By supporting the small family. D By educating their husbands.35 It can be concluded from the passage that educating girlsA has great influence on boys growth. B is helpful to the stability of families.C can raise womens social status.D contributes to the development of society.参考答案：31 B 32 D 33 D 34 C 35 D第4部分：补全短文The First Four MinutesWhen do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first fourminutes together， according to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book， “Contact： The first four minutes”， he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships：“ _(1)_ A lot of peoples whole lives would change if they did just that.”You may have noticed that the average person(一般人) does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met. _(2)_ If anyone has ever done this to you， you probably did not like him very much.When we are introduced(被引见) to new people， the author suggests， we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general， he says， “People like people who like themselves.On the other hand， we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. Itis important to appear interested and sympathetic(同情)， realizing(意识到) that the other person has his own needs， fears(恐惧)， and hopes.Hearing such advice， one might say， “But Fm not a friendly， self-confident person. Thatsnot my nature. It would be dishonest for me to act that way.”_(3)_ We can become accustomed to(适应) any changes we choose to make in our personality. “It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first， but it goes much better than the old one.”But isnt it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence(自信心) when we dont actually feel that way? Perhaps， but according to Dr. Zunin， “total honesty” is not always good for social relationships 2， especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything， and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contactwith a stranger. That is not the time to complain about ones health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about ones opinions and impressions._.(4)_ For a husband and wife or a parent and child， problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed， they should be dealt with(处理)later.The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course5 in every chool， along with reading， writing， and mathematics _(5)_ That is at least as important as how much we know.练习：A In reply， Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable aboutchanging our social habits.B Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to4 relationships with familymembers and friends.C In his opinion， success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.D Every time you meet someone in a social situation， give him your undivided attention forfour minutes.E He keeps looking over the other persons shoulder， as if hoping to find someone moreinteresting in another part of the room.F He is eager to make friends with everyone.答案：1D 2E 3A 4B 5C第5部分：完形填空Teaching and learningMany teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the (1)_in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The (2) _ student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of(3) _, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned(4) _ brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is(5) _ for learning the material assigned. When research is(6) _ , the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with(7) _ guidance. It is the students responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain(8) _ a university library works; they expect students(9) _ graduate students to exhaust the reference(10) _ in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but(11) _ that their students should not be (12) _ dependent on them. In the United Stats professors have many other duties (13) _ teaching， such as administrative or research work. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is (14) _ . If a student has problems with classroom work , the student