牛津高中英语必修一Unit1基础知识.docx

牛津高中英语必修一Unit 1单词讲解1. attend vt. / vi. 1）出席, 参加, 2）上(大学等),就读3）照料;护理;侍候vt: attend + noun (会议、聚会、讲座，上课) He did not attend the meeting yesterday.(go to ; be present at参加或出席)Dr Smith attended her in hospital. （look after）vi: attend on/upon sb. 看护，照料（某人） attend on a patient 2. assemblyU集会，会议 the right of assembly 集会权 assembly rooms 会议室 Morning assembly is held in the school hall. 晨会在学校礼堂举行. 3. earn vt. to get something by working 获得，赚，赚得He earns 10,000 a year. earn ones living / make ones living 谋生 She earned her living by working in a supermarket. earn fame / praise / respect 获得名誉/赞扬 / 尊敬 The young player earned his place in the team by training hard. 4. respect v. 遵守, 尊敬 ; 敬重 ; 钦佩; n.（与of, for连用）尊敬；尊重 We d better respect others feelings. I respect him for his honesty. (尊敬，钦佩)show / have respect /to /for sb. = respect sb.The young should show respect to those who are older. 年轻人应该尊敬长者。 gain/ win / earn respect 博得钦佩respects (pl) 敬意；问候 Give my respects / regards to your wife. respectful adj. （主动）表示尊敬的，恭敬的 respectfully adv. 尊敬地, 谦恭地 respectable adj. （被动）值得尊敬的，体面的 The teacher is _, so we are all _ to him. (respectable, respectful) 5. achieve v. 取得，实现achieve all ones goals / aims 达到目标achievement n. 成就, 功绩 6. average n. 一般的，普通的，平均的The average of 4, 8, and 60 is 24. 4、8和60的平均数是24。The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen. (平均年龄)These marks are well above average. 这些分数远在一般水平以上. on (an) average 通常；按平均 7. challenging adj. 具有挑战性的challenge vt. 向.挑战 challenge sb. to He challenged me to play another football match. 他向我挑战要我跟他再进行一场足球比赛It is challenging for me to solve this problem by myself.8. extra adj. 额外的; 外加的; 附加的 adv. 超过一般地; 特别地 extra pay for extra work 额外工作的额外报酬 Can I have extra time to finish my work? (额外的)an extra strong box 加固的箱子 Children were extra glad to see the foreign visitors. （特别地）9. prepare v. to get ready or to make sb. / sth. ready 准备；使有备 prepare sb. /sth. for sth. prepare to do sth. The team prepared themselves for defeat / to accept defeat.这个队心理上做好了接受失败的准备。prepare to meet your fate 准备面对命运 be prepared for sth. 对某事物（尤指令人不愉快者）作好准备 I knew there were problems, but I was not prepared for this!我知道有些问题, 却未料到这一点! preparation n. 准备, 预备 be in preparation 在准备中; 在编辑中 in preparation for 作为.的准备 make preparations for 为.作准备 make preparations against 为对付.作准备 10. drop v. 放弃，落下, , 断绝（往来） He seems to have dropped most of his friends. (断绝往来) He dropped everything and helped. (半途停止) Where shall I drop you? (让某人下车) Drop over to our house for a visit sometime. (drop in / by /over 顺便走访) Our car dropped behind. (落后) n. 滴；点; 下降；落下；下跌 eye drops 眼药水 a drop in the price of wheat 小麦价格下跌 11. miss v. 思念, 想念，错过 n. 小姐, 姑娘 Everybody will miss him very much.（思念）missed the bus误公共汽车。miss a chance 错过一次机会 Her daughter was chosen as Miss Hong Kong six years ago.（小姐，姑娘）missing adj. 不见的, 缺少的 a missing person 一个失踪人员 12. field n. 1) 运动场，操场 2) 田地，原野 3）领域，专业 The World Cup was holded in this field.（运动场）They were working in the cotton fields.(田地，原野)He is a prominent scholar in the field of linguistics.（领域，专业）13. experience n. 经历，阅历 C 经验,体验 U(+of/in) I had a rather odd experience the other day. （经历）She had no experience of life at all. （经验）Please tell us your _ in America. Have you had any _ of teaching English? 14. article n. C 1）文章，论文2）商品，物品 3）条款，条文He has written an article for the magazine.（文章）She had several articles of clothing in her bag.（商品一件）Article 15 of the constitution deals with this problem.（条款）15. introduce vt. （与to连用）介绍; 倡导；提倡；引进 He introduced his friend to me. to introduce a new subject in a school introduction n. 介绍, 传入, 初步, 导言16. immediately adv. & conj. 立即； 即刻She came immediately. 她立刻就来了。I came immediately I heard the news. 我一听到这个消息,马上就来了。 immediate adj. 立即的；即刻的 in the immediate future 在不远的将来 take immediate action 立即采取行动最近的 17. former adj. 从前的，以前的in former times 从前 the former world champion 前世界冠军 the former the latter We used to insist on the difference between love and liking. The former seemed much more beautiful than the latter. former, past, old 虽然都和过去有关，但侧重点不同。 former：“过去曾经是.的、 前任.”, past: “过去的” old“老的、从前的”。例如: former president 前总统 past experience以往的经验 my old school我的母校 18. recently adv. 最近 It is only quite recently that I started painting. 我只是在最近才开始绘画的。recent adj. 新近的, 近来的 19. develop v. 培养，养成，发展, 发达, 发扬, 进步Try to develop good reading habits. 要养成良好的阅读习惯。to develop an idea 详细地说明一个概念 Her friendship with David developed slowly. 她与戴维的友谊发展缓慢。20. display v. 陈列, 展览, 显示 n. 陈列, 展览, 显示 The cakes were displayed in the window. 糕点陈列在橱窗中。 The work was on display. 作品正在展出。21. attention n. 注意, 关心, 关注, 注意力, (口令)立正! Your suggestion has come to our attention. 我们已经考虑了你的建议。to pay attention to (doing) sth. Please pay attention to taking care of your baby. 请注意照顾好你的小孩. to stand at attention 立正站着 22. please vt. 请, 使高兴,使喜欢,使满意, 合.的心意,是.的意愿 vi. 令人高兴,讨人喜欢What pleases you best? 你最喜欢什么? She is always anxious to please. 她老是极力想讨好人。23. title n. 头衔, 名称, 标题, vt. 赋予头衔, 加标题于 adj. 标题的, 用作书名的 the title of a book 书名 an official title 官衔 the title page 标题页 A doctor has the title Dr in front of his name. 医生的名字前有“Dr”这个称呼He deserves the title of poet. 他不愧为诗人。24. cover n. 盖子, 封面, 藉口 vt .覆盖, 铺, 掩饰 vi. 覆盖, 涂, 代替 the cover of a pot / book / magazine He read the book from cover to cover. 他看完了本书。(从头到尾一页不漏) The soldiers crept forward under the cover of darkness. 士兵在黑夜的掩护下向前爬行。 (在.掩护下; 打着.的幌子) cover the table with a cloth 把桌子铺上台布Lies cannot cover up facts. 谎言掩盖不住事实25. regret n. 遗憾, 悔恨, 抱歉, 歉意vt. 遗憾, 惋惜; 抱歉悔恨, 懊悔悼念, 哀悼; 怀念with regret 很抱歉地I regret (to say) that. 我很遗憾.; 很抱歉.It is to be regretted that . 使人遗憾的是.; 真可惜. I regret to tell you that my friend is ill. 遗憾地告诉你, 我的朋友病了To this day I do not regret having made that remark. 说了这话, 我至今不后悔。regret to have done ./ having done / doing 26. inform v. ( of/about) 通知, 告诉, 获悉, 告知 I beg to inform you that . 谨通知. be well informed about sth. 对某事消息灵通 be informed of 听说; 接到.的通知 keep . informed 随时向.报告情况 inform against /on upon sb. 告发某人, 检举某人 27. run vi. 跑, 奔, 逃跑, vt. 使跑, 参赛, 追究run the danger of 冒风险急切的要求 run across 偶然遇到 run after 追逐，追踪追求（女性） run out（常与of连用）用光；耗尽 28. host n. 主人 vt, 作东，作为主人招待 the host city 主办城市Beijing will host the 29th Summer Olympic Games in 2008.北京将于2008年主办第29届奥运会。Which country hosted the Olympic Games for the most times?29. approve vi. 赞成, 满意（常与of连用） I dont approve of wasting time. 我不赞成浪费时间。My parents dont approve of me smoking cigarettes. vt. 批准, 通过 approve a plan / bill / accounts 核准帐目30. broadcast n. 广播, 播音v. 播撒(种子), 广播, (无线电或电视)广播，播送,播放 the news broadcast 新闻广播 31. close adj. 靠近的；近的；接近的（常与to连用）n. 结束 v. 关, 结束, 使靠近close to home 接近事实 Its very close in here. Would you mind opening the window? 这里面太闷了, 把窗子打开好吗? a close friend一位亲密的朋友 a close game (race,contest) 一个势均力敌的比赛 What she said was very close to home. 她说的情况非常接近事实。32. continue v. 使继续;使延伸+v-ing+to-vI was allowed to continue using the library. 我获准继续使用该图书馆。 They continued to meet every week. 他们继续每周见面。 33. poem n. 诗, 象诗一样, 美丽的东西 He wrote a poem about war. 他写了一首关于战争的诗。poetry n.诗, 作诗法, 诗意, 诗情 a book of poetry / a poetry book 诗集 34. select vt. 选择, 挑选 (choose sb/sth, esp as being the best or most suitable) adj. 精选的 I was selected for the team. 我被选入这个队。select a gift, candidate, wine 挑选礼物、 候选人、 葡萄酒select peaches 优等桃子 be select in choosing ones friends 择友谨慎 selected adj. 经由选择的, 挑选的selected works 选集 selected poems诗选 selection n. 选择, 挑选, 选集, 精选品 35. require vt. 需要, 要求, 命令 We did all that was required of us. 我们做了要求我们所做的一切。The emergency requires that it should be done. 情况紧急, 非这样做不可。do as the law requires按法律办事require sth. of sb. 对某人有.的要求require sb. to do sth要求某人做某事require vt. 需要, 要求, 命令 The floor requires washing. 地板该洗了。requirement n. 需求, 要求, 必要条件, 需要的东西, 要求必备的条件36. scary adj. 引起惊慌的scare v. 惊吓, 受惊, 威吓 n. 惊恐, 恐慌, 恐惧scared, scaring 1)（常与of, to连用）恐吓，惊吓；使受惊；惊恐I was scared of the big dog.我害怕这条大狗。2)（常与away, off, up 连用）把吓跑 The dogs scared the thief away. 那些狗把贼吓跑了。牛津高中英语必修一Unit 1词组、句型讲解重点词组：1. 感到轻松 feel at ease 2. 一次令人愉快，激动的经历 an enjoyable and exciting experience 3. 对.感到满意 be happy with4. 意味着 mean doing 5. 打算做 mean to do6. 参加晨会 attend assembly 7. 在旁边 next to 8. 赢得某人的尊重 earn respect（from） 尊重某人 show respect to /for9.做的方法/途径 the way to do/ of doing 10获得高分 achieve high grades 11. 听起来像 sound like 12.在过去的一年 in the past year 13.正常规模 the average size 14.平均 on average15.起初 at first 16.首先 first of all 17.进步很快 improve a lot 18在午餐时间 at lunchtime 19. 免费的 for free 免费的 free of charge 20. 每星期二晚上 on Tuesday evenings 21. 放弃一些科目 drop some subjects 22.一个具有挑战的任务 a challenging task某事对某人有挑战 be challenging for sb 23体验不同的生活方experience a differentway of life24.在.开始 at the beginning of 25 .准备食物 prepare food 为做准备 prepare for / make preparations for26. 向做自我介绍 introduce oneself to 27. 对感兴趣 be interested in 28. 在学校人口处 at the school entrance 29. 一直往前走 go straight 30. 走过 go past 31. 从和之间走过 go betweenand 32. 在校园里 on campus 33. 对有用 be available (for) 34. 全年 all year round 35. 网络接口 Internet access36. 网上冲浪 surf the Internet 37. 大量的设备 lots of pieces of equipment 38. 前者后者 the formerthe latter 39.从毕业 graduatefrom40.有很多机会了解 have many chances to learn about41.一位有经验的护士 an experienced nurse42.一.就 upon/on doing 43.培养对的兴趣 develop an interest in 44把捐赠给 donate.to.45.向展示 display sth to46.因感谢某人 thank sb for sth47.劳驾 thank sb to do48客座演讲者 a guest speaker49.发表演讲 make a speech50.错过机会 miss the chance to do51.提到/提及 refer to52.不仅仅，超过 more than53.难以取悦 be hard to please54.注意 pay attention to吸引某人的注意 attract ones attention / catch ones eyes55.把和.作比较 comparewith56.订购一册 order a copy57.在封底 on the book cover58.遗憾做 regret to do 59.通知某人某事 inform sb of sth60.创办学校俱乐部 start a school club61.允许某人做某事 allow sb to do sth62.赞同某人的想法 approve ones idea63.时事新闻 recent news64.亲密的朋友 close friends65朗读给听 read out to 66.挑选诗歌 select poems67.要求某人做某事 require sb to do sth68.生态平衡 keep a balance of nature69.对负责 be responsible for70.由组成 consist of / be made up of71.以为基础 be based on72.一代又一代 from generation to generation73.过去常常 used to do74.在开放日 at the open day75.在学校的操场上 on the school field76.被取代 be replaced by77.代替 instead of78.做一个决定 make a decision79.提出，想出 come up with80.轮流做. take turns to do 重点句型：1. Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.去一所英国中学读书一年对我来说是一次令人愉快和兴奋的经历。Going to a British high school for one year动名词短语作句子的主语。动词的现在分词和过去分词都可以作定语，但所表达的意思不同, 现在分词作定语常表示“令人”、“正在.”;例如exciting news, sleeping dogs; 过去分词则有被动或完成的意思,常表示“感到.的”、“被.的”,例如： an excited crowd of people, broken heart.2. I was very happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3.30 p.m.我对英国学校的作息时间很满意因为学校大约上午9点开始上课，下午3点半左右放学。be happy with=be pleased with=be satisfied with, around=about。3. This means I could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China begin before 8 a.m.这意味着我可以晚一小时起床，因为在中国学校8点钟上课。mean: 意味着, 后面通常加名词或宾语从句。例如：The attack of Pear Harbor meant a declaration of war with the United States.The raise of salary means that I can send my daughter to a better school.mean: 打算, mean to dohad meant to do: 本打算做某事，而事实上没做成eg: I had meant to help you, but I was busy then.means: 方法，手段by this means:通过这种方法4. He also told us that the best way to earn respect from the school was to work hard and achieve high grades.他还告诉我们赢得学校尊敬的最好方法是努力学习并取得好成绩。The best way to do sth is to.结构用来表达做某事的最好方法是., 例如:The best way to learn English is to use it as often as possible.5. I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school, but it was a bit challenging for me at first because all the homework was in English.我发现这儿的家庭作业没有我原来学校的多，但一开始对我有些挑战性，因为所有作业都是英语的。as.as, 否定形式：not as.as, not so.as ,中间加形容词或副词,一般要连接两个相同的句子成分, 请比较下面两句话:You hate him as much as I (=You hate him as much as I hate him).You hate him as much as me(=You hate him as much as you hate me).used to 过去常常, 隐含的意思是现在的情况已经不同。例如:She used to study very hard. ( She does not study so hard any more).used to 过去常常做某事，它的否定形式是usednt to/ didnt use to注意：get/be used to sth/doing 表示习惯于.6. Cooking was really fun as I learnt how to buy, prepare and cook food.当我学着怎样买菜、洗菜、烧饭时，烹饪真的是一件有趣的事。 fun是不可数名词,有趣的事情 7. I do like eating desserts after meals as you mentioned in your article.就像你在文章中提到的那样，我的确喜欢在饭后吃甜食。do、did在陈述句中，用在动词前表示强调，可译作的确、确实。eg: Do call me, please.School life（分块整理）Welcome-reading1. 另外三天 another three days three other days three more days2. 努力工作的时代 a time of hard work3. 低矮的建筑 low-rise buildings4.（与某人在一起）自由自在 (be) at ease with5. 理想的校园生活 dream school life6. 没有的经验 have no experience in doing/be inexperienced in7. 对很高兴、满意 be happy with/be pleased with/ be satisfied with8. 作息时间 school hours9. 比以往 than usual10. 参加集会、会议 attend assembly/a meeting11. 紧挨、紧靠 next to12. 校纪校规 the rules of the school13. 做的最好方法 the best way to do14. 赢得的尊敬 earn respect from15. 尊敬某人 respect sb./show respect for sb.16. 取得好的成绩、高分 achieve high grades 17. 听起来好像 sound like (a good idea)18. 班主任 class teacher19. 平均 on average 20. 不如 not as as 21. 过去常常（现在不这样了） used to do22. 有点 a bit/a little /例a bit challenging23. 一点也不 not a bit24. 非常 not a little25. 在上花费（时间、金钱） spend (in) doing /on 26. 午餐时间 at lunchtime 27. 免费的 for free/free of charge28. 每逢星期一晚上 on Monday evenings29. 开班会 hold a class party 30. 放弃一些科目 drop some subjects31. 比如、例如 such as /for example/for instance32. 正餐 main meal33. 在操场上、在领域 on school field/in the field of 34. 不同的生活方式 different way of life 35. 掌握的大意 get a general idea of 36. 逐字逐句地 word by wordFrom exercises: 37. 鼓励做 encourage to do 38. 想、要做 would like(love) to do / should like(love) to do 39. 首先 first of all40. 向介绍 introduce to 41. 在周末 at the weekend42. 上网 surf the internet43. 会上 at assembly/at the meeting 44. 准备做 prepare to do /be prepared to do in p