初中英语语法梳理和提高——动词一般将来时讲解试题.doc

初中英语语法梳理和提高动词一般将来时讲解试题清华大学英语系测试：为中学英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果初中英语语法梳理和提高动词一般将来时讲解试题一般将来时1）一般将来时的构成： 1. 助动词will(shall)+动词原形 2. am / is / are +going to +动词原形2）一般将来时的用法： 1将要发生的动作。例如： I will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 2将要存在的状态。例如： This time next year I will be in Japan. Where will you be? 3打算要做的事。 例如： Are you going to watch the film on television tonight? 3) 常用于一般将来时的时间状语：tomorrow next week in 2008 等。例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1. I_ for Hong Kong on Saturday. Will you go to see me off at the airport？A. am leaving B. am left C. am going to leaving D. left解析：趋向动词leave 可用现在进行时表将来。选A。2.I_ to see grandma and help her with some housework every week.A. came B. am going come C. come D. will come解析：此题虽然有every week, 但句意中表达的事将要去做的经常性动作。应该用一般将来时。因此选D。3.We Chinese _ the Olympic Games in 2008.A. held B. shall holding C. are holding D. are going to hold解析：本题的时间状语是将来的时间， 所以选用一般将来时，A、D都删去。shall后面应跟动词原型，故应选D.清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果style名词 n. 1. 风格,作风CU2. 文体;文风;语调CUThe letter is written in a formal style. 这封信以正式文体写成。 3. 风度;体面,时髦UThat gentleman has great style. 那位先生很有风度。 4. (衣服等的)流行款式CUHer hat is out of style. 她的帽子过时了。 5. (商品等的)种类,型,式样CYoull find several different styles of architecture in this street. 在这条街上你会发现几种不同类型的建筑。 及物动词 vt. 1. 称呼;命名O9He styled himself Mister Clean. 他自称是清廉先生。 2. 设计3. 使符合时势;使成为时髦-style后缀 suf. 1. .式的family-style restaurant 家庭式餐厅 2. 按.式样的;类似.的;仿.的Bordeau-style wine 仿波尔多酒 surprise 名词 n. 1. 惊奇,诧异UTo my surprise, he refused to cooperate with us. 令我吃惊的是,他不肯与我们合作。 2. 使人惊讶的事,意外的事CThe incident came as quite a surprise to them. 这一事件完全出乎他们的意料。 3. 突然袭击U及物动词 vt. 1. 使吃惊,使感到意外I was surprised to learn that he was taking drugs. 听说他在吸毒,我很吃惊。 The news surprised us all. 这消息使我们大家都吃了一惊。 2. 乘不备时设法得到;出其不意地使(某人)做.They surprised the culprit into telling the truth. 他们用出其不意的办法使罪犯吐露实情。 3. 突然袭击;当场捉住Our troops surprised the enemy while they were still sleeping. 趁敌人还在睡觉,我们的部队出其不意地袭击他们。original 形容词 a. 1. 最初的,本来的;原始的ZBThe original price of the car was a bit too high. 这辆汽车的原价太高了一点。 2. 有独创性的;新颖的;奇特的He is an original dramatist. 他是个有独创性的剧作家。 3. 原作的;原本的BThis is an original painting by Picasso. 这是一幅毕加索的原作。 n. 1. 原物;原著;原画;原版CThe original of this picture was nowhere to be found. 这幅画的原作已无处寻觅。 2. 原著之语言;原文the SHe can read Shakespeare in the original. 他能读莎士比亚作品的原版本。fail Several banks failed during the depression.有几家银行在不景气时期倒闭了。He never fails to write to his mother every week.他从来没有忘记每周给母亲写信。He got a fail in history and passes in other subjects.他历史考试不及格，其他科目都通过了。1. 不及格a fail in math 数学不及格 不及物动词 vi. 1. 失败Our plan has failed. 我们的计划失败了。 He failed in everything he tried. 他做一切事情都失败了。 2. 不及格She failed in the examination. 她这次考试不及格。 3. 失灵;失去作用The engine failed. 引擎出故障了。 4. (指健康)衰退;变弱;消失His hearing is failing. 他的听觉在衰退。 5. 破产;失去支付能力Many small banks failed during the recession. 许多小银行在经济衰退期破了产。 6. 缺乏,不足;(作物)歉收The crops failed for two years running. 农作物连续两年歉收。 及物动词 vt. 1. 失败;不能;忘记Y+to-vHe did very well, but failed to break the record. 他做得很出色,但未破记录。 2. 没有通过(考试),评定(学生)不及格The professor failed almost half of the class. 该教授给班上几乎一半人评了不及格。 George failed history last semester. 乔治上学期历史考试不及格。 3. 使失望;有负于His courage failed him. 他失去了勇气。 His friends failed him when he needed their help most. 当他最需要帮助的时候,他的朋友们却辜负了他。 4. 舍弃(候选人等)fit1及物动词 vt. 1. (衣服)合.身;与.相称WThis dress doesnt fit me. 这件衣服不适合我穿。 2. 适合于;使适合W(+for)O2We must fit the action to the word. 我们必须言行一致。 Her training fits her for the job. 她所受的训练使她能胜任这项工作。 3. 安装Can you fit the electric fire for me? 你能替我装上电炉吗? 不及物动词 vi. 1. (衣服)合身;适合WDoes this shirt fit? 这件衬衫合身吗? 2. 符合;配合W形容词 a. 1. 适合的;安适的;恰当的(+for)+to-vGrass is fit for cows. 草适合给牛吃。 2. 健康的;强健的You look very fit, Mike. 麦克,你看上去很健康。 3. 相称的;能胜任的(+for)+to-vHe is not fit to be a lawyer. 他不适合当律师。 名词 n. S1. 适合2. 合身This dress is a beautiful fit. 这件衣服既合身又漂亮。complain kmplein vi. 抱怨，悲叹，控诉Stop grumbling! Youve got nothing to complain about.别抱怨了! 你没什麽可抱怨的。Youve got nothing to complain about.你没什么可抱怨的。Dont complain without good cause.没有充分的理由就不要抱怨。pushy pui adj. 强求的He made himself unpopular by being so pushy.他特别喜欢出风头，所以人缘不好。compare kmp v. 比较，比喻，对照n. 比较，对照She is lovely beyond compare.她真是可爱得无与伦比。Life is poetically compared to the morning dew.在诗歌中，人生被比喻为朝露。I compared the copy with the original, but there was not much difference.我比较了复印件和原件，但是差别不是很大。organize :gnaiz v. 组织To write a good essay you must first organize your ideas logically.要写出好文章，必须先从逻辑上理顺思绪。All her friends have been roped in to help organize the event.她所有的朋友都已动员来协助组织这一活动。He needs to marry a down-to-earth person who will organize his life for him.他需要娶个讲求实际的人做妻子好为他安排生活。ThepositionofchildreninAmericanfamilyandsocietyisnolongerwhatisusedtobe.The36familyincolonial(殖民的)NorthAmericawasmainlyconcernedwithsurvivaland37that,itsowneconomicprosperity.Thus,childrenwere38intermsoftheirproductivity,andtheyplayedtheroleofproducerquiteearly.39theyfulfilledthisrole,theirpositioninthefamilywasoneofsubordination(附属). Withthe40ofthesociety,thepositionofchildreninthefamilyandinthesocietybecamemoreimportant.Inthecomplexandtechnologicalsociety41theUnitedStatedhasbecome,each42mustfulfillanumberofpersonalandoccupational43andbeincontactwithmanyothermember.44,viewingchildrenasnecessarymembersofsocietymeansthattheyare45moreaspeopleintheirownrightthanasthoseofsubordination.Thisacceplanceofchildrenas46participantsinthefamilyisreflectedinvariouslaws47therightsofchildrenandinthesocialandpublicwelfareprograms. Thisnew48ofchildrenandthefrequentcontactbetweenthemembersofsocietyhasalso49anincreasinginterestinchild-raisingtechniques.Peopletodayspendmuchtime50theproperwayto51children. Nowadays,thesocializationofthechildintheUnitedStatesisa52transaction(事务)betweenparentandchild53aone-way,parent-to-childtraining54.Asaconsequence,socializingchildrenand55withthemoveralongperiodoftimeisforparentsamixtureofpleasure,satisfaction,andproblems. 36.A.poorB.ordinaryC.happyD.wealthy 37.A.exceptB.forC.beyondD.through 38.A.supportedB.receivedC.encouragedD.valued 39.A.UntilB.AfterC.AlthoughD.When 40.A.movementB.achievementC.developmentD.requirement 41.A.thatB.whereC.whenD.what 42.A.parentB.memberC.familyD.relative 43.A.purposesB.promisesC.rolesD.tasks 44.A.BesidesB.HoweverC.InsteadD.Therefore 45.A.admiredB.regardedC.madeD.respected 46.A.willingB.equalC.similarD.common 47.A.enjoyingB.preventingC.consideringD.protecting 48.A.viewB.faithC.worldD.study 49.A.ledinB.broughtinC.resultedinD.takenin 50.A.seekingB.makingC.fightingD.working 51.A.nurseB.praiseC.understandD.raise 52.A.one-sidedB.many-sidedC.round-wayD.two-way 53.A.morethanB.ratherthanC.betterthanD.lessthan 54.A.mannerB.methodC.programD.guide 55.A.talkingB.livingC.playingD.discussing36.B37.C38.D39.A40.C 41.A42.B43.C44.D45.B46.B47.D48.A49.C50.A 51.D52.D53.B54.C55.B清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果Unit 7 Living Together一. 教学内容：复习Unit 7二. 教学重点：1. 复习一般过去时和过去进行时及区别。2. 反身代词的用法。3. 频度副词在一般现在时中的应用。4. 重点词组解析。三. 具体内容来源:21世纪教育网（一）一般过去时和过去进行时的区别：1. 一般过去时常表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态（包括过去的习惯动作），常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有：just now, a moment ago, yesterday, last week/month/year, the day before yesterday 及表示过去的时间状语从句。e.g. I met her in the street the day before yesterday.Ex. Hangzhou is a nice city. My dad me there when I was about ten years old.A. pulled B. caught C. took D. brought2. 过去进行时常用的时间状语有：at that time/moment, at this time yesterday, at +点钟+yesterday, 时间状语从句。e.g. What were you doing at seven yesterday?Ex. I on the computer when Jim came to see me yesterday evening.A. draw B. drew C. was drawing D. am drawing3. 一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经发生，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续。e.g. She wrote a letter to her friend last night.She was writing a letter to her friend at nine last night.Ex. Why didnt you give me a phone call?- I . But nobody answered the phone.A. do B. did C. will D. have注意：下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去时：1）表示过去某一阶段的经常性动作。Tom was studying in Paris last term.2）与always连用表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩时。e.g. John was always coming to school late.3）用来描写故事发生的情景。21世纪教育网It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A young man suddenly appeared on the riverbank. He wanted to cross the river.4）when 作并列连词，表示“这时（突然）”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。I was taking a walk when I met him.5）go, come, leave, start, arrive 等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。I was leaving for Wuhan that day.Ex. （1）It was warm, so I (take) off my coat. （2）John (take) a photograph of me while I (read). （3）Jane (wait) for me when I （arrive）. （4）Sue wasnt hungry, so she (not eat) anything. （5）It was hard work to carry the bags. They (be) very heavy.（6）When I was young, I (want) to be a bus driver.（二）频度副词在一般现在时中的应用。表示动作发生的频率程度的副词叫做频度副词，如seldom, always, often, sometimes等。一般常用在一般现在时中，放在be动词，情态动词及第一个助动词之后，实义动词之前。e.g He is seldom ill. You must always remember this. Do you usually go to school on foot?有时为了加强语气，频度副词也可以放在句首。e.g. Sometimes she goes to school by bus and sometimes she goes to school by bike.Ex.1. Does Liu Hua ever guess the meanings of English words? No, he guesses the meanings of new words. He uses his dictionary all the time.A. usually B. always C. never D. sometimes2. English people use Mr. Before a mans first name.A. never B. usually C. often D. sometimes3. If you want to learn English well, you must use it as as possible.A. often B. long C. hard D. soon4. She always gets up early and so she is late for school.A. sometimes B. usually C. never D. often5. I believe what he says.A. dont always B. always dont C. not always D. always not6. I hate vegetables. I eat them. But theyre good for your health. You should often eat them.A. seldom B. often C. usually D. always7. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.A. never B. often C. seldom D. always8. Does Liu Hui do his homework in the afternoon after supper? . He does his homework after supper.A. Yes, usually B. Yes, always C. Never, always D. No, sometimes9. The rich are not happy.A. never B. sometimes C. usually D. always10. She always finishes her homework on time. She leaves it for tomorrow.A. never B. sometimes C. usually D. seldom（三）反身代词的用法三忌。 1. 反身代词不能表示“某人的（东西）”之意，因为反身代词没有所有格形式，不能作定语。表示“某人自己的”，须用ones own.e.g. I saw the accident with myself eyes.（F）I saw the accident with my own eyes.（T）2. 反身代词不能作主语，但可以作主语的同位语，起强调作用。Herself is a teacher.（F）She herself is a teacher.（T）3. 反身代词作宾语同位语时，只能放在宾语之后，做主语同位语时既可放在主语之后也可放在句末。当主语和宾语在人称,数和性别方面相同时，反身代词只能放在主语之后，否则，强调的重点将发生转移。e.g. He himself went to see the artist.（F）He went to see the artist himself.（T）来源:21世纪教育网有用的词组：teach oneself 自学 enjoy oneself 玩得高兴 help oneself 随便吃say to oneself 自言自语 hurt oneself 伤着自己 dress oneself 自己穿衣by oneself 独自地 for oneself 为自己Ex. 1. Be careful not to hurt . Its a new knife.2. I dont need any help. I can do it all by .3. Did you enjoy ? Yes, we enjoyed very much.4. She thinks more of others than of .5. He is too young to teach English.来源:21世纪教育网6. Help to some cakes, children.（四）重点解析。1. I hope to see you next week.hope to do sth./that从句e.g. She hopes to get a job overseas. I hope you wont be late.2. There are many different ways to show respect to older people.show respect to e.g. I have the greatest respect for you.I respect you for your honesty.3. All the buildings are supposed to provide special facilities for people in wheelchairs.be supposed to do e.g. Youre supposed to pay the bill by Fvide sth. for sb.21世纪教育网Can you provide some drinks for us?4. Do you give up your seat to an older person on a bus or a subway?give up sth. e.g. She didnt give up her job when she got married.5. Dont you say “Please” when asking someone for something?ask sb. for sth.e.g. Jim always asks mom for some money.Ex. 1. He hopes a doctor when he grows up. A. / B. to being C. to be D. being2. There are some people who dont show respect the old in society. A. to B. in C. at D. of3. Bill give a lecture on Saturday afternoon. A. is supposed to B. was supposed to C. be supposed to D. supposed to 4. The government will provide food and drinks the people who suffer poverty. A. to B. for C. with D. on5. The doctor asks the old man to smoking for it is bad for his health. A. give up B. put up C. get off D. put down6. She always asks her mother something to eat. A. to B. for C. at D. on课堂练习连词组句，适当变换词形。1. doesnt, she, early, get up , mind _2. likes, by, brother, my, travel, train _3. like, take, to, I, a, bus _4. in, live, they, the, prefer, country _5. at, home, I, today, stay, to, prefer _6. feel, like, I, grandparents, my, visit _清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果基础知识精讲一、 动词的语态语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态主语是动作的发出者为主动语态。主语是动作的接收者为被动语态。1. 被动语态谓语动词概述1） 被动语态最基本的句型结构是：be+及物动词的过去分词2） 被动语态中的谓语动词一定要是及物动词，以为被动语态句中的主语是动作的承受者，某些短语动词如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，也可以用于被动语态Eg. The children were taken good care of by her.注意：短语动词中的介词或副词变成被动语态时不可遗漏。2.谓语动词被动语态变法：时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时Dodoesamisare+done一般将来时Will+dowill be +done现在进行时amisare+doingamisare+being+done一般过去时didwaswere+done一般完成时havehas+donehavehas+been+done过去完成时had+donehad+been+done过去进行时waswere+doingwaswere+being+done情态动词can+docan+be+done3被动语态各种结构的变化1）主谓宾S+V+DO宾语变成被动语态的主语，谓语部分变成对应的被动形式，主语用by连接作为方式状语放在句尾，通常省略。2)主谓宾宾S+V+IO+DO通常将离动词最近的宾语变成被动语态的主语，另外一个无论是宾语还是由to或for连接的宾语全都直接落在谓语动词被动形式后面。3） 主谓宾宾补S+V+DO+OC这个结构是被动语态中最难的一类，将宾语变成被动语态的主语，谓语动词变成对应的被动形式然后将宾语补足语（宾补）直接落下。注意：一些宾补动词如make, see, hear等在主动语态中可以接动词原形（实为省略to的动词不定式）作为宾语补足语的动词在变被动语态是一定要注意恢复to。有一个顺口溜方便记忆：宾补动词真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪。主动句中to走开，被动句中to回来。相关练习一选择。1.Basketball _after school twice a week.A.is played B.will be played C.was played2.A lift _ to go up and down every day.A.is used B.are used C.be used3.Shoes _ in the shop last year. A.was sold B.is sold C.were sold4.In this game their hands _.A.not be seen B.be not seen C.cant be seen5.These mooncakes _ already by Mary.A.will be eaten B.havent been eaten C.have been eaten6.He _ to the hospital in a few minutes.A.was taken B.is taken C.will be taken7.My birthday cake _yet.A.is made B.has been made C.hasnt been made8.English _ in this school since 1980.A.is taught B.has been taught C.was taught9.The boy _by Ling Feng.A.are looked after B.can be looked after C.were looked after10.These treasures _since many years ago.A.have been kept B.were kept C.are kept11.The garden _ a week ago.A.is tidied B.has been tidied C.was tidied12.He wanted to know if the tickets _ to him tomorrow.A.would be sent B.will be sent C.are sent13.At the crossing, a policeman _often _.A.is.seen B.was.seen C.are.seen14.Sometimes they _ play football.A.are seen to B.are seen C.will be seen to15.All the clothes in the shop _.A.is tried on B.was tried on C.can be tried on16.The worker said that he _ a ladder at once.A.needs B.needed C.was needed D.is needed17.A doctor _for by her last month.A.sent B.were sent C.was sent D.sent18.The doctor _ Edisons mother.A.was saved B.has been saved C.saved D.have saved19.Big pieces of metal _ into small pieces here every day.A.were cut B.are cut C.is cut D.cut20.A:Where is Jims telephone number? B:It _ on the blackboard already.A.writes B.wrote C.is written D.has been written21.