针对高考攻情态动词.doc

情态动词考点解析I. 情态动词的特点 情态动词有一定的词义，但不能单独做谓语；它们要与行为动词或连系动词连用构成谓语；表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。适用于主语的各种人称和数（have to例外）。II. 情态动词常考点 A. 情态动词的基本用法1. can/could、be able to、表有做某事的能力（could是can的过去时）；但如果这种能力得以实现用be able to。I can go cycling in the evening . The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but everyone was able to get out .、表示请求和许可；could表示请求，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不可用于肯定句, 回答语要用can。-Could I use your bike ?-Yes , of course you can ./No. you cant.、表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中）。 Cant you wear a flower ? 难道不可以只戴朵花吗？How can you be so careless! 你怎么会如此粗心呢！How can you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article ?、用于一些固定句型中：、can not/never.tooenough表示无论怎样也不过分，越越好，“在也不为过”。 、can but do sth. 只能.，只好。I can but do my best .我只好尽力了。、cant help doing sth. 情不自禁干、cant but do 不得不 I can not but choose to go. 我只好去。 2. may和might的用法、表示请求、允许。表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，但回答时不能用might; 肯定回答应用may/can; 否定回答用cant, 或用mustnt表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意(具有强烈禁止的意思)。如： Might I use your pen? No, you maynt/cant/mustnt. 用May I . 征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中，用Can I . 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。、用于祈使句中表示期望或祝愿。如： May you succeed/happy! May you good luck!、用于目的状语从句中“为了”，“以便”。Study hard and you may work better in the future .、用于一些固定句型中：、may well do sth. “干是理所当然的” We may well say so. 你当然可以这样讲。、may/maight as well do sth.=had better do sth. 最好干 We may as well stay where we are . 我们还是呆在原地。3、must和have to、表示必须、必要（must表示主观多一些而have to则表示客观多一些）。回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustnt，而要用neednt或dont have to/ havent got to。 - Must we hand in our exercises today ? - Yes, you must . /No, you neednt /dont have to/ havent got to.、表示主张：“偏要， 一定要， 硬要” If you must go , at least wait till the rain stops . 、表示不可避免性：“必然要， 必定会”All men must die. 4. shall/shouldShall：、一、三人称，向对方征求意见或向对方请求（多用在问句中）；Shall we begin our lesson ?、二、三人称，（多用于肯定句中）表说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、强制、决心或威胁；You shall fail if you dont work harder.、用于所有的人称，表示按规章制度、法律、法令或约定“必须”；It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected .Should：、should 可用来表示“万一”；If it should rain tomorrow , dont expect me .= Should it rain tomorrow , dont expect me.、should表示劝告、义务、建议或命令；Should I open the window ?、Should可表示说话人的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感，“竟然”；Its unthinkable that the boy should sing such a beautiful song .- Turn off the TV, Jack . Shouldnt you be doing your homework now ?- Mum, just ten more minutes , please .、Why /How should sb. do sth. ? 表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意，“竟会”； Why should you be so late today? 你几天怎么来得这么晚？5、will/wouldWill : 、表主观意愿； Will you accept his offer ? 、用于祈使句的附加疑问句； Dont go now , will you ？Would: 、表主观意愿； She said she would take care of the child . 、表请求和建议，比will 更委婉； Would you please do me a favor ? 、表过去的习惯性动作； He would go swimming in summer when he was in the countryside . 、用于虚拟条件句，表与事实相反或不可能实现的情况； Would you like to/rather do/ mind doing ?6. need/dare Need: 、做情态动词时，主要用于否定句、问句中；肯定句中多用must/have to/ought to/ should; 、-Need I come tonight ? - Yes, you must ./No, you neednt. 、You neednt go there so early. 、做实义动词, 其后跟名词、代词、动词不定式等；跟动名词主动表被动意义。You didnt need to hurry . The garden needs watering/to be watered .Dare : 、作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。有过去分词dared。 She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。 How dare you say Im unfair? 你竟敢说我不公平?_、作实义动词，其后常跟动词不定式；否定句中，to常可省略。We should dare to give our own opinion. 我们要敢于提出自己的观点He did not dare (to) look up. 他不敢抬头看。 He doesnt dare to tell the teacher what happened that day. 他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。 I dare say为固定习语，相当于I think。7、used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在不复发生或存在；疑问式和否定式有两种。例如： 、 There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down. 街道拐角处过去有座楼房,现在拆了。、 I usednt (didnt use) to smoke. 我过去不抽烟。、Used you (Did you use) to go to school on foot? 你过去常步行去学校吗?8、ought to、 表义务,意为“应该”(因责任、义务等该做),口气比should稍重。例如:、 You are his father. You ought to take care of him.你是他父亲,应当管他。、 You oughtnt to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟、 表推测,暗含很大的可能,语气较弱。例如:、 Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。、 Theres a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞,明天应该是个好天。B、表推测1.must、表推测时只能用于肯定句中，表达的语义也是肯定的，译为“准是”、“一定是”等。如：Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is ? _ She must be in the classroom . I saw her there just now.、当对过去发生的事情进行推测时，结构是：must have done ；意义是：过去准是发生什么了如：It must have been Tom that parked the car here , as he is the only one with a car .-She looks very happy . She must have passed the exam .-I guess so .Its not difficult after all. 2. can (could)、用于肯定句中，表一种合符客观事实的、或是有一定的事实依据的推测。意为“可能”。如：The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it can be very slow .Peter can be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general.、用于否定句、疑问句中表推测，语义比较肯定，译为“准不是”、“一定不会”等。 如：You cant be hungry already - you had lunch only two hours ago . Theres no light on -they cant be at home .、could have done/ couldnt have done表过去有能力做但未做/过去没能力却做了。如：Thank you for all your hard work last week . I dont think we could have managed it without you . My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared . Who could have taken it ?3. may/might、表推测一种事情发生的可能性，表示不确定。译为“可能”、“也许”。May/might “可能不”。如：Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they may just be quiet people .Although this may sound like a simple task , great care is needed .Peter may/might come with us tonight ,but he isnt sure yet .、may/might have done 表示“本来可能”,但实际上没有发生的事。还可表示“本来可以做某事”，有轻微的责备意。 Sorry Im late . I may /might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again . - I cant find my purse anywhere . - You may/ might have lost it while shopping .4. should 、should + v.表推测时，意是按道理应该怎么样。 、What do you mean, there are only ten tickets ? There should be twelve . 、- Hows your tour around the North Lake ? Is it beautiful ?- It should be , but it is now heavily polluted .、should + have done /not have done 表示原本应该做但未做/不应该做但做了；含有责备的意味。Should可以被ought to 替代。 I was really anxious about you . You shouldnt have left home without a word . There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party . You ought to have come . but why didnt you ? 、should 用在虚拟语气的句子中，构成谓语。Should还可以用在if引导的条件从句，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全没有可能 ，相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语由should加动词原形构成，主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。5.need/neednt have done 表示有必要干却没干/没必要做却做了。 As you worked late yesterday , you neednt have come this morning .III. 练习拔高A、典型例题 -Could I borrow your dictionary? -Yes, of course, you_. A. might B. will C. can D. should 答案C。 could表示语气的委婉,并不表示时态。答语中的of course,表示语气的肯定,允许某人做某事时,用can和 may来表达,不能用could或might。 【注意】 will 与you连用,用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用,用来提出劝告。 -Shall I tell John about it? -No, you _. Ive told him already. A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt 答案A。neednt 不必,不用。 wouldnt 将不, 不会的。 mustnt 禁止、不能。 shouldnt 不应该。本题为不需要,不必的意思,应用neednt。、(NMET2005福建)Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks. You _ it. I could manage it myself. A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done【解析】根据句意可知Catherine对对方为她打扫了房间表示感谢并提到对方不必为她打扫房间。【答案】B、(NMET2007上海春) The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt【解析】老板给所有的员工放了假，所以我们明天不必再去上班。【答案】C、(NMET2005上海)There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt【解析】句意：既然你在驾校进行了大量训练，那么通过道路测试按理不应该有困难。【答案】C、（NMET2005全国）John, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour?AMust BCan CMay DNeed【解析】must在这两道试题中均表示“非得，偏要”。【答案】、A B、真题演练2007年高考 1. Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. (全国卷I) A. will B. would C. should D. must 2. Guess what! I have got A for my term paper. (上海卷) Great! You _ read widely and put a lot of work into it. A. must B. should C. must have D. should have3. The teacher _have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldnt have wasted time on him, I suppose. (安徽卷) A. shouldB. canC. would D. must4. In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you_ take care of your luggage. (北京卷) A. can B. mayC. mustD. will5. My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where_I have put it? (福建卷) A. canB. mustC. should D. would6. The biggest problem for most plants, which _ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. (湖南卷) A. shantB. cantC. needntD. mustnt 7. She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. (江苏卷) I guess so. Its not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. mustD. might8. Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. You_it in the wrong place. (江西卷) A. must put B. should have putC .might put D. might have put9. Turn off the TV. Jack, _ your homework now? Mum, just ten more minutes, please. (辽宁卷) A. Should you be doing B. Shouldnt you be doing C. Couldnt you be doing D. Will you be doing10. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps Ihave driven her their. (陕西卷) A. couldB. mustC. mightD. should11. The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so wego to work tomorrow. (上海春) A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt12. 一What does the sign over there read? 一“No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette,cigar or pipe in this area.”(四川卷) A. willB. may C. shall D. must13. My cats really fat. You _ have given her so much food. (浙江卷) A. wouldntB. couldnt C. shouldntD. mustnt 14. What do you think we can do for our aged parents? You _ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. A. dont have toB. oughtnt toC. mustntD. cant2008年高考1. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometime. (福建卷) A. mustB. canC. shouldD. would2. You dont have to know the name of the author to find a book. You _ find the book by the title.(湖南卷) A. mustB. needC. canD. would 3. Im sorry. I _ at you the other day. Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. (江苏卷) A. shouldnt shoutB. shouldnt have shouted C. mustnt shoutD. mustnt have shouted4. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you. (山东卷) A. can manageB. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed5. What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he _ better. A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done6. Peter _ be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general. (辽宁卷) A. shallB. shouldC. canD. must7. Liza _ well not want to go on the trip - she hates traveling. A. will B. canC. mustD. may8. -What sort of house do you want to have? Something big? -Well, it _ be bigthats not important. A. mustntB. needntC. cant D. won10. Although this _ sound like a simple task, great care is needed. A. must B. may C. shall D. should9. You _ be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago! A. wouldntB. cant C. mustntD. neednt10. John promised his doctor he _not smoke, and he has smoked ever since. (北京卷) A. might B. should C. couldD. would.11. She _ have left school, for her bike is still here. (天津卷) A. cantB. wouldntC. shouldntD. neednt12. -I cant find my purse anywhere. (重庆卷) - You _ have lost it while shopping. A. mayB. canC. shouldD. would 13. According to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. (上海卷) A. mayB. canC. wouldD. should09高考题练 1.（四川卷13）I dont care what people think.Well, you _ A. could B. would C. should D. might2.（江苏卷28）He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he_it differently. A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed 3.（全国卷I 25）What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There_ be twelve. A. shouldB. would C. will D. shall4.（湖南卷30） Its the office! So you_ know eating is not allowed here. Oh, sorry. A. must B. willC. may D. need 5.（辽宁卷29）The traffic is heavy these days. I_ arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place? A can B must C need D might6.（全国卷II 20）I cant leave. She told me that I _ stay here until she comes back. A. can B. must C. will D. may7.（浙江卷13）The doctor recommended that you_swim after eating a large meal. A wouldntB couldntC needntD shouldnt 8.（重庆卷32）Hi, Tom . Any idea where Jane is? She _in the classroom . I saw her there just now. A. shall beB. should have been C. must be D. might have been9.（北京卷25）One of the few things you _ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather. A. need B. must C. should D. can10.（天津卷15）This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A. wouldB. should C. could D. might11. （上海）It _ have been Tom that parked the car here , as is the only one with a car .A. may B. can C. must D. should 12. （安徽）Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy ; they _ just be quiet people .A. must B. may C. should D. would13. (安徽)But for their help , we _ the program in time .A. cannt finish B. wont C. hadnt finish D. couldnt have finished14. （江苏）He didnt regret saying what he did but felt that he _ it differently .A. could have expressed B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressedC、 情态动词基础训练1. -Shall I tell John about it? -No, you_. Ive told him already. A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldn -There were already five people in the car, but managed to take me as well. -It _ a comfortable journey. A. mustnt have been B. cant be C. couldnt have been D. shouldnt be3 -Why didnt you come to see me? -I _, but I was too busy yesterday. A. like to B. should like to C. would like to have D. am going to4. You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. A. mightB. needC. shouldD. would5. There was plenty of time; she _. A. mustnt have hurried B. neednt have hurried C. may not have hurried D. wouldnt have hurried6. -Is John coming by air? -He should, but _ not. He li