高中形容词和副词的比较级.doc

形容词与副词的比较级大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1) 规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est 来构成比较级和最高级。tall( 高的)taller tallest great(巨大的) greatergreatest以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le 结尾的双音节词只加-r,-stnice( 好的)nicer nicest large(大的)larger largest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-estbig(大的) bigger biggest hot ( 热的) hotter hottest 以辅音字母+y 结尾的双音节词，改y 为i，再加-er，-esteasy( 容易的) easier easiest busy( 忙的)busier busiest少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er，-estclever(聪明的) cleverer cleverest narrow(窄的) narrower narrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most 来构成比较级和最高级。important(重要的) more important most importanteasily(容易地)more easily most easily2) 不规则变化as+形容词或副词原级+as1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。原级比较级最高级good(好的) better best well(健康的) better bestbad (坏的) worse worst ill( 有病的) worse worstold (老的) older/elder oldest/eldestmuch/many(多的) more most little(少的) less leastfar (远的) farther/further farthest/furthestHe cannot run so/as fast as you.2）当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。as +形容词+ a +单数名词+as ，as + many/much +名词+asThis is as good an example as the other is.I can carry as much paper as you can.3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as 的前面。This room is twice as big as that one.Your room is the same size as mine.4) 倍数+ as + adj. + as 倍数+ + ofThis bridge is three times as long as that one.This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine.Your room is twice the size of mine.比较级形容词或副词+thanYou are taller than I.They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.注意：1）要避免重复使用比较级。(错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is more clever than his brother. 2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。(错) China is larger that any country in Asia.(对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.可修饰比较级的词1） a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots , a great deal, any, still, even 等2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。3）以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。典型例题:1）- Are you feeling _?- Yes，Im fine now. 答案：B.A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better2）The experiment was_ easier than we had expected. A.more B.much more C.much D.more much 答案：C.much3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D.a much happier time 答案：D。many, old 和far1) 如果后接名词时， much more +不可数名词,many more +可数名词复数2) old 有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。elder，eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。My elder brother is an engineer. Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.3) far 有两种比较级，farther，further. 在英语中两者都可指距离。在美语中，father 表示距离，further 表示进一步。I have nothing further to say.the+最高级+比较范围1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the，副词最高级前可不用。形容词most 前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常。It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。(错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.(对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2) 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almostThis hat is nearly / almost the biggest.注意：a.very 可修饰最高级，但位置与much 不同。This is the very best. This is much the best.b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africa is the second largest continent.3) 句型转换：Mike is the most intelligent in his class.Mike is more intelligent than any other students in hisclass.4) 否定词语+比较级，否定词语+ so as结构表示最高级含义。Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.和more 有关的词组1) the more the more越就越The harder you work，the greater progress youll make.2) more B than A 与其说A 不如说B less A than BHe is more lazy than slow at his work.= He is less slow than lazy at his work.3) no more than 与一样，不比多The officials could see no more than the Emperor.no less than与一样 He is no less diligent than you.4) more than 不只是，非常 She is more than kind to us all.典型例题1）The weather in China is different from_.答案：DA. in America B. one in America C. America D. that in America2）After the new