高中英语必修四知识点全解.doc

必修4 Unit 1重点词汇1. achieve 【名师点拨】achieve v. 意为“完成；达到”，指经过长期努力而达到某目标、地位或标准等。其名词形式为achievement，意为“成就；功绩”，a sense of achievement可指“成就感”。如：He had finally achieved success.Even a small success gives you a sense of achievement.2. condition【名师点拨】condition 意为“环境；境况；条件”时，是可数名词，常用复数形式conditions；意为“状态；状况”时，是不可数名词，be in good condition表示“处于良好的状态”，be out of condition表示“健康状况不佳”。如：We should pay more attention to the poor living under the bad conditions.The astronauts soon got used to the condition of weightlessness.My car is old but in good condition.He is overweight and out of condition.【知识拓展】condition意为“条件”时，常用短语on condition that，表示“如果；在条件下”；在美国英语中，也经常用under the condition that。如：I will come on condition that Peter is invited.They agreed under the condition that the matter be dealt with quickly.3. devote【名师点拨】devote vt. 意为“投入于；献身”，其宾语后常与介词to搭配，to后接名词、代词或动名词。devote to 意为“献身；致力于”，指把自己、时间、精力等奉献给某种工作或事业。如：He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.The girl, to whom he was devoted, died in a traffic accident by chance. After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening.4. behave【名师点拨】behave vi & vt. 意为“举动；举止；行为表现”，如behave well / badly等。其名词形式为behaviour，指“行为；态度；举止”。如：The parents encouraged the children to behave well in front of the guests.My camera has been behaving well since it was repaired.Everyone praises the childrens good behaviour.5. worthwhile【名师点拨】worthwhile adj.意为“值得做的；值得出力的”，可作表语或定语。be worthwhile to do / doing sth表示“值得做”，在动词-ing形式的结构中，worthwhile有时可以用来替代worth，特别是在表示“值得花时间”这一概念时。如：I think teaching school is always a worthwhile job.The book referred to by the professor is worthwhile / worth reading.6. observe【名师点拨】observe vt. 意为“观察；观测；遵守”，可用observe sb do sth，observe + that从句。其名词形式为observation。如：I observed the man who murdered the boy enter the shop.He observed that we should probably have rain.Most information was collected by direct observation of the animals behaviour.7. argue【名师点拨】argue作动词时，意为“争论；争吵；争辩”。argue for意为“为辩护”；argue with sb about / over sth指“就某事和某人争论”；argue against意为“据理反对；争辩”。如：It is no use arguing for the plan because it has been rejected.We are always arguing with each other about money. Father argued fiercely against any increase in expenditure for the childrens annual party.9. care for【名师点拨】care for可以表示look after的意思，意为“照顾；照料”，且较正式；也可表示“喜欢”的意思。如：His son cared for him when he was ill.In fact, I dont really care for basketball.另外，在上面的句子中，explain意为“解释，说明”，后可接名词、代词、从句或wh + to do作宾语，可用explain sth to sb或explain to sb sth。如：Will you explain to us how we can finish the work as soon as possible?【知识拓展】care about意为“介意；在乎”，表示是否认为某事是重要的，某事是否引起了某人的兴趣或使其忧虑。最常用于疑问句或否定句中。about用在宾语前面，但是在连词前面一般省掉。I dont care about your opinion.I dont care whether it rains Im happy.10. intend【名师点拨】intend v. 意为“打算；计划；想要”。intend to do sth意为“想干某事”；intend后也可以接动词-ing形式或that从句。intend for表示“原打算给某人；准备让干”。如：I intended to come to your house last night but it rained. I intend coming / to come back soon. He hadnt really intended that they should be there. This gift is intended for you.重点句子1. She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.2. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.3. It seem that she had been very busy in her chosen career, traveling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles.4. Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.5. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.6. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in the tree the night before.7. It was unusual for a woman to live in the forest.8. Her work changed the way people think about chimps.9. She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. helped her work out their social system.However the evening make it all worthwhile.We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree.必修4Unit21. be satisfied (with): pleased because you have got what you want 1) Jane isnt quite satisfied with the way the barber cut her hair.2) If you are not completely satisfied, you can get your money back.3) I am not really satisfied with the job you did.2. refer to : a) mention or speak about someone or something b) to look at a hook map, piece of paper, etc, for information1)We agreed never to refer to the matter again.2)Although she didnt mention any names, everyone knew who she was referring to.3)He gave the speech without referring to his notes even once.3. would rather: used to say what someone prefers 1) It seems you would rather play than work.2)She would rather die than lose the children.3)I would rather starve than be dependent on anyone again.4. thanks to sb/ sth : because of sb./ sth. 1)I was late thanks to the heavy traffic.2)It was thanks to his advice that I succeeded.3)Weve collected $50,000 for the poor, thanks to the generosity of the public.5.rid of sb/sth: become free of 1)Will science- finally rid us of this disease?2)Do you think it possible to rid the world of nuclear weapons?3)By working hard day and night, she is trying to rid herself of loneliness and sadness.6. lead a .life: live in the way what you life is like 1)Before liberation, my grandpa led a dogs life.2)If the operation succeeds, the patient will be able to lead a normal life.3)Mrs. Black is retired and leads a quiet and peaceful life in a mountain village.7. care about: love; be interested in; be concerned with 1)Just listening to somebody shows you care about them.2)Your parents are only doing this because they care about you.3)The only thing this rich- and greedy man seems to care about is money.8.insist on sth/doing sth: to demand that something must be done or that you must have a particular thing 1)The school insists on good behaviour from its students.2)John insisted on doing all the work himself, though he was in poor health.3)The old man insisted on helping me find a taxi even though I told him I didnt need any help.重点句子1. Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.2. The special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same field.3. Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.4. Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life.袁博士对生活非常满足。5. Using his hybrid rice ，farmers are producing harvest twice as large as before6. planting peanuts that use the grounds surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots.7. Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer.8. This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.9. In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition.10. One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people,11. Yuan Longping considers himself a framer, .必修4Unit3Unit3重点汇集1. content【名师点拨】content adj.意为“满足的；满意的”，be content to do意为“乐意去做某事”；be content with sb / sth意为“对某人或某事感到满意”，相当于be pleased with或be satisfied with。如：Im content to help you to set up a website on the Internet.Those who are not content with the progress they have made will have greater success.注：worse off是badly off的比较级，意思是“境况比更差”；better off意为“境况比好”。如：To my surprise, I found his living conditions were much worse off than mine.With the development of economy, more and more people are better off.【知识拓展】content还可作动词，意为“使满足”；作名词时，表示“满足；心满意足”，也可表示“（书、报纸等的）内容；目录；含量”。如：My explanation seemed to content him.Now she began to live in peace and content.Weve discussed the unusual form of the book now, what about the content?2. astonish【名师点拨】astonish vt意为“使大为吃惊；使惊异”，比surprise程度强，比shock程度弱。如：I was astonished to hear that the professor had broken down because of his hard work.I was astonished by how much shed grown.【知识拓展】(1) astonishing adj意为“令人惊异的”。如：The astonishing news made the world astonished, and a great many people expressed their opinions on the Internet.(2) astonished adj指(某人)处于惊异、吃惊状况，常用be astonished at sth。如：He was astonished at what Tom had said and done.(3) astonishment n.意为“惊讶”，可用to ones astonishment表示“使某人吃惊的是”。如：To my astonishment, she still remembered my birthday.3. particular【名师点拨】particular adj.意为“专指的；特别的；格外的；不寻常的”。be particular about / over sth意为“对某事很讲究 / 很挑剔”。in particular意为“特别地”。如：There was nothing in the newspaper of particular importance.Im not particular about my clothes; I dont mind what I wear.He talked about the ball games in general and talked about football in particular.What in particular did you like about the last apartment that we saw?4. worn-out【名师点拨】worn-out adj. (1) 意为“磨损的；损坏的；穿破的 (用坏的以至完全无用的)”。如：Since your shoes are worn-out, why not buy another pair? (2) 意为“筋疲力尽的；耗尽的”，相当于be tired out。如： He was worn-out after the long journey.5. failure & overcome【名师点拨】(1) failure意为“失败”时，是不可数名词；意为“失败者；失败的事”时，是可数名词。如：As we all know, failure is the mother of success. At last, he was a great success, while she was a failure.To our disappointment, the party turned out to be a failure.(2) overcome v.意为“控制(感情)；克服(困难)；征服；战胜”，可用于to overcome difficulties / obstacles / problems / resistance等。如：He made great efforts to overcome the difficulty.They succeeded to overcome the tallest mountain in the world.【知识拓展】fail还可作动词，意为“失败；不及格；无法做到”，可用fail to do sth或者fail in doing sth。如：I failed to persuade him to give up smoking.= I failed in persuading him to give up smoking.6. in search of 【名师点拨】in search of意为“寻找”。类似的词组有：in theaones search forof，make a search forof，在这三个短语中search是名词。如：Today, many countryside people have rush to the city in search of good jobs.The researchers are in their search for the animals which they want to experiment with.注意：in search of 中of不可换用for。【知识拓展】search还可以是作动词，意为“搜寻”，search 的宾语是寻找的东西所在的处所，即search someplace for sth，意为“搜查某地找”。如：They searched the building for the robber.He searched his pockets for some change.而search sb for sth意为“搜某人身以找到某物”。如：He searched the boy for the lost pen.search afterfor = look for = hunt for意为“到处寻找”。如：People who are searching after inner peace sometimes turn to religion.7. pick up【名师点拨】pick up意为“拾起；拿起”。如：He picked up his hat and went out. pick up还有其他意思：(1) 在中途搭载承载(乘客、货物等)。如：The bus stopped to pick up passengers (2) (偶然地)发现，得到，购买；学得，得到(知识、利益)。如：I picked up the book in a lonely placeShe picked up French very quickly in France. When you live in a country, you soon pick up the language.(3) 恢复，使恢复。如：I believe he will pick up by the seaside. (4) 接收，收听(广播)。如：It is easy to pick up the programme clearly through my radio. 【知识拓展】pick out意为“选好；选出；认出；看清楚”。如：Have you picked out the movie you want to see?Can you pick out your brother out from that group of people?8. cut off【名师点拨】cut off意为“切下来；剪下来”。如：He cut off piece of cloth and wrapped the wound.cut off还可译为“切断；停掉；使电话中断”。如：Theyve cut off the water temporarily because they are repairing one of the main pipes.It was dangerous that our food and water supply were cut off at that time.We were cut off in the middle of our telephone conversation.Because I failed to pay the telephone bill, the telephone operator cut us off.重点句子1. He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.2. No one was ever bored watching himhis subtle acting made everything entertaining.3. Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with nothing to eat.4. Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred in.5. He walked around stiffly carrying a walking stick.6. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was .7. Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face.8. Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family ever worse off.必修4Unit4Unit 4 重点汇集1. major, local & represent【名师点拨】(1) major adj. 表示“主要的；较大的；重要的”，句中a major hotel 意思是“大酒店”；major经常用作名词，意为“主修课程；专业课”；可作动词，主要用于major in，意为“主修”。如：Many people wish to live in a major city. She decided to take computer as her major.My friend majored in economics at Tsinghua University.(2) local adj. 表示“地方的；当地的”。含有local的常用词组：local customs意为“地方风俗”；local news意为“本地新闻”；the local TV station意为“地方电视台”；the local court意为“地方法院”；the local government意为“地方政府”。如: My sister studies at a local university. (3) represent在本句中是“代表”的意思，还有“象征；表现；描绘；扮演”等意思。如：We must choose someone to represent us. (代表)The stars in our flag represent the States. (象征)This picture represents a man riding a horse. (表现)【知识拓展】meet with sb表示“和某人会晤（商讨问题等）”。但具体句子要具体分析，有时候可表示“偶然遇见”。如：I met with a friend on the train yesterday. （偶遇）2. introduce【名师点拨】introduce表示“介绍；引荐；引进；采用”等意思，常和to连用，即introduce to。在本句中是“介绍；引荐”的意思。如：Let me introduce myself to you first. The chairman introduced the speaker to the audience. 【知识拓展】introduce的名词形式是introduction，意为“介绍”，多作不可数名词，有时候也作可数名词；还可译为“引论；导言；概论”，是可数名词。如：My next guest needs no introduction (= is already known to everyone).Before the meeting began I made the necessary introductions.The introduction in a book tells us what the book is about.3. approach & touch【名师点拨】(1) approach vt. & vi. 意为“接近；靠近；走近”。approach作名词讲时，表示“方法；步骤；途径；接近”，用于make approaches to sb，表示“想法接近（认识）某人”。如：We could just see the train approaching in the distance.It began to rain when he approached his home.The time is approaching when we must be on board. All approaches were blocked because of the accident. A new approach should be found to solve the matter. I am not good at making approaches to strangers.(2) touch作动词讲，意为“接触；触摸”；touch作名词时，除了“接触；触摸”的意思外，还有“联系”的意思。如：Visitors are not allowed not to touch the exhibits.keep in touch with同保持联系get in / into touch with和取得联系lose touch with 和失去联系be out of touch with同失去联系4. express【名师点拨】express vt.意为“表达；表示”。文中express their feelings 意为“表达他们的感情”；express oneself用于表达自己的意思、思想或情感。如：No words can express my thanks to your help.He can express himself in clear English now after five years hard learning.【知识拓展】express作名词讲时，表示“快车；快递；快件”。如：the No. 102 special express to Beijing 开往北京的102次特快5. avoid【名师点拨】avoid vt. 表示“避开；避免”，avoid difficulty in communication意思是“避免交际上的困难”。avoid后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。如：Why are you trying to avoid that boy? I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and ran towards me.6. be likely to【名师点拨】likely作形容词，指“可能发生某事”，后可接不定式或从句。be likely to意为“很可能；有希望”。如：Do remind me because Im likely to forget.Its quite likely that well be in Spain this time next year.They are likely to refuse your invitation.【知识拓展】likely, possible, probable都含有“可能的”的意思，但也有差异： likely指从表面迹象来看很有可能。如:Look at the black clouds. It is likely to rain tonight. possible指由于有适当的条件和方法，某事可能发生或做到，强调“客观上有可能”, 但常含有“实际希望很小”的意思。如:It is possible to go to the moon now. probable语气比 possible强，“可能性”最大，指有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物，带有“大概、很可能”的意思。如:I dont think the story is probable. 7. at ease【名师点拨】at ease是个固定词组，意思是“处在舒适、自由自在的状态下”。本句中put people at ease意为“使人自由自在；不拘束”。如：Her mind was at ease, knowing that the children were safe. 【知识拓展】(1) ease作名词讲时，表示“安逸；安心；不费力；悠闲”。如：He leads a life of ease. (= He leads an easy life.)(2) ease 作动词讲时，表示“解除；减轻（痛苦、忧愁或烦恼）”。如：The doctor gave him some painkillers to ease the pain. (3) ease的常用短语： with ease (= easily) 熟练地；轻而易举地be (feel) ill at ease 局促不安, 心神不宁put sb at his ease 使某人宽心; 使某人感到无拘无束stand at ease 稍息重点句子1. I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.2. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, Nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.3. We can often be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do.4.Smiles around the world can be false, hiding other feelings .Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in, smiling I stood for a minute watching them . I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defense.5. frowning and turning ones back to someone shows anger. shaking the head from side to side meansBeing respectful to people is subjective, based on each culture, but in general it is probably not a good idea to give a hug to a boss or a teacher.Standing at a little distance with open hands will show that There are many ways around the world to show agreement, but nodding the head up and down is used for .6. These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have developed.必修4Unit5 1. amuse【名师点拨】amuse vt. 意为“使高兴；使开心”，和please（取悦于；让高兴）是近义词。amuse oneself意为“自娱自乐；消遣”。amuse的名词形式是amusement。如：I think it amuses him to see people make fools of themselves. I bought a magazine to amuse myself while I was on the train. They are more than amusement parks with rides, such as a Ferris wheel, merry-go-round or a roller coaster. (P33)Carl came last in the race, much to my amusement.【知识拓展】amused adj. 意为“逗乐的；觉得好笑的”，常用be amused (at / by sth)，指“觉得有趣；好笑；以为乐”。如： She was very amused by / at your comments. Amused by the flying kites, the child stopped crying. 2. various【名师点拨】various adj. 意为“不同的；各种各样的”，相当于differe