2014高考复习知识点.doc

2014高考复习 2014年高考英语语法突破-常用现在完成时 1.被the first time，a few times，again and again等表示次数或重复的状语修饰时，句中常用现在完成时。如： This is the third time we have made improvements in that equipment. 2.定语从句的先行词是最高级形式或被最高级形容词修饰时，句中常用现在完成时。如： Scientists have found almost all metals are good conductors，the best of which is silver. 3.在某些时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来完成的动作。如： Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework. If it has stoppted snowing in the morning，well go to the park.2014高考复习2014高考英语语法突破-单项选择解题技巧 一、排除法 首先仔细阅读题干，把句意理解正确，理清语法结构，然后排除其中与之无关的选项，将剩余的选项加以比较，既要考虑语法结构，也要考虑语境因素 The mother didnt know _to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.（NMET 2002） A. who B. when C. how D. what 二、推断法 根据上下文语境，判断空格所需的信息，明确前后文的暗示 Im taking my driving test tomorrow. _（NMET 2002） A. Cheers B. Good luck C. Come on D. Congratulations 三、还原法 根据转换的句型来弄清句子的本来面目、明确题义 1).被动句还原为主动句 John was madethe truck for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing We made John wash the truck for a week as a punishment. 2)复合句分解为简单句 Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had_ went wrong again. A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired a. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see (that) the washing machine went wrong again. b. She had had the washing machine repaired. c. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine that she had had repaired went wrong again 3).疑问句还原为陈述句 1)Is this school_ your father once worked? 2)Is this the school_ your father once visited? A. at which B. one C. the one where D. that 1)还原为：This school is_ your father once worked.缺表语 2)还原为This is the school_ your father once visited.缺宾语 4).感叹句还原为陈述句 Oh John, _ you gave us. A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise 还原为：You gave us a pleasant surprise 5).倒装句还原为正常句 So difficult _ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well. A.I have felt B. Have I felt C.I did feel D. did I feel 还原为:I felt it so difficult to live in an English-Speaking country that I determined to learn English well. “So”提前之后要求使用部分倒装 6).简单句还原成复合句 Anyone_ will have one of his fingers cut off. A. being caught steal B. caught steal C. caught stealing D. was caught stealing 还原成：Anyone who is caught steal will have one of his fingers cut off. 四、排除定势干扰法 He made up his mind to devote his life _ pollution _ happily. A. to prevent, to liveB. to prevent, from living C. to preventing, to live D.to preventing, from living 五、补充省略法 If _the same treatment again, he is sure to get well. A. giving B. give C. given D. being given 补充为：If he is given the same treatment again, he is sure to get well.2014高考复习 2014高考英语语法突破-副词的用法 1.做状语 There was such a long queue for coffee at the interval that we _gave up.(2005上海) A. eventually B. unfortunately C. generously D. purposefully 形容词副词比较等级的用法 1.副词比较和最高级 1)Some experts think that language learning is much _for children as their tongues are more flexible.(2006上海春) A easy B. easier C. easily D. more easily 2)Professor White has written some short stories ,but he is _ known for his plays.(1998) A. the best B. more C. better D. the most 2.原级比较级的表达 基本结构：as+形容词或副词原级（+名词）+as 否定形式：not as/so+形容词或副词原级（+名词）+as 1)The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him _I did.(2005湖南) A. as much as B. as long as C. as soon as D. as far as 2)Our neighbor has _ours .(2003北京) A. as a big house as B. as big a house as C. the same big house as D. a house the same big as 3.比较级的表达 基本结构：形容词或副词的比较级+than 1)This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses _water and electricity than _models.(2006北京) A. less, older B. less elder C. fewer, older D. fewer, elder 2)Did you take enough money with you? No, I needed _I thought I would.(2006) A. not so much as B. as much as C. much more than D. much less than 4.最高级表达 Greenland, _island in the world, covers over two million square kilometers.(2000上海) A. it is the largest B. that is the largest C. is the largest D. the largest2014高考复习 2014高考英语语法突破-数次的用法 数词的几个特殊使用之处： 1、 一般情况下数词为单数，但是在以下特殊情况中可以使用复述形式： 1）hundred thousand million 之前没有数词或其它限定词，并且之后有“of +名词”的形式时。 Hundreds of soldiers 2）在一些介词词组中的固定用法 We arrived in twos and threes. 3）表示人的年龄 He is in his thirties 2、表示数量的dozen n.一打, score n. 二十个 可以视为基数词使用 I want a dozen pencils, please. 3、“数词+名词”或者“数词+名词+ed”（中间有连字符），可以组成一个复合形容词，其中的名词应该使用单数。 There is a four-legged table. A two-year-old girl 例题： 1. She went to the bookstore and bought _. 2006北京 A dozen books B dozens books C dozen of books D dozen of books 2. It took us quite a long time to get here. It was _ journey. 2005北京 A three hour B a three hour C a three-hour D three-hours2014高考复习2014高考英语语法突破-常用一般现在时 1.以Here或There开头的句子，说明正在发生的动作，谓语动词不用现在进行时，而用一般现在时。如： Here comes the bus! There goes the bell! 2.既定的时间如生日、日历、课时安排、交通时刻表等，通常用一般现在时表示将来动作。如：The meeting starts at five oclock. The train leaves at three this afternoon. 3.在see to it，make sure，make certain，be sure，look out，take care等之后的从句要用一般现在（过去、现在完成）时代替一般将来（过去将来、将来完成）时。如： You must make sure the door is closed before you leave the lab. See to it that everything is OK. 4.在宾语从句中，表示客观事实或真理，一律用一般现在时。如： The teacher taught us yesterday that the moon circles the earth. Somebody told me that you are a writer. 5.在由as soon as，when，before，after，till等引导的时间状语从句和由if，unless，as long as，in case等引导的条件状语从句或在方式、让步状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时，但主句用一般将来时。如： If you come this afternoon，Well have a meeting. When you meet him，tell him to come to my place.2014高考复习2014高考英语语法突破-常用一般过去时 1.表示说话人始料未及的事情，用一般过去时。如： Oh! I didnt know you were in Shanghai. How long have you been there? 2.在wish，would rather的宾语从句中和在as if引导的状语从句中，以及在It is time that的定语从句中，谓语动词用一般过去时说明现在的事情。如： Its time you had a holiday. He looks as if he were young. 3.用表示意愿及精神状态的动词，反映的是说话者探询的态度时，动词用一般过去时表示一般现在时，显得更加有礼貌。如： I didnt know you were here.（我不知道你在这里，were实际上指现在） I wondered if you could help me. 4.在含有hardly/scarcelywhen，no soonerthan结构的句子中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。（注意：主句一般倒装）如： Hardly had I entered the room，when I heard a loud noise. No sooner had he reached the door than he came back.2014高考复习2014高考英语语法突破-常用过去进行时 1.表示故事发生的背景。如： One day Jones was walking along the street. It was snowing as they made their way to the front. 2.与always，forever，constantly，continually，frequently等词连用，表示过去经常发生的行为，往往带有感情色彩。如： My brother was always losing his key. They were frequently quarrelling.2014高考复习2014高考英语语法突破-常用现在进行时 1.若句中带有always，all the time，forever，constantly等词或短语，用进行时表示一个频繁发生的动作，表示说话人赞赏或厌恶等感情。如： You are always forgetting the important things. He is constantly leaving his things behind. 2.某些词，如come，go，leave，arrive，start等可用现在进行时表示将来。 He is leaving tomorrow. The visitors are arriving in a few minutes.2014高考复习 2014高考英语语法突破-常用过去完成时 1.某些动词的过去完成时表示原先计划或打算做而没做的事情。常见的动词有mean，plan，think，suppose，want，intend等。如： We had hoped that you would be able to visit us. I had intended to make a cake，but I ran out of time. 2.在条件状语从句中以及which或Id rather后的宾语从句中，常用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。如： If you only had worked with great care! I would rather you had told her the truth. 七、常用一般将来时的情况： 1.表示一种倾向、固有特性或说话人推测的意见。如： I think it will rain tomorrow. Birds will build nests. 2.在某些条件状语从句、时间状语从句中。如： We shall go unless it rains. Hell help you if you ask him. 说明：有时用be about to+动词原形或be to +动词原形或be going to +动词原形表示将来时。如： The meeting is going to start at nine. Tell her she is not to be back late. The film is about to begin. 2014高考复习2014高考英语语法突破-动词的基本用法 第一节 实义动词基本用法 1.实义动词的基本用法 1)The evening news comes on at seven oclock and _only thirty minutes.(2005) A. keeps B continues C. finishes D. lasts 2)One of the best ways for people to keep fit is to _healthy eating habits.(2006湖北) A. grow B. develop C. increase D. raise 3)Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself ,but her parents did not _her to do so .(2006) A. forbid B. allow C. follow D. ask 2.动词短语的用法 1)Its the present situation in poor areas that _much higher spending on education and training。（2005北京） A. answers for B. provides for C. calls for D. plans for 2)Are you going to have a holiday this year? Id love to .I cant wait to leave this place_.(2006江苏) A. off B. out C. behind D. over 第二节 助动词的基本用法 1)He _more than 5,000English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.(2005北京) A. has learned B, would have learned C. learned D. had learned 2)The house belongs to my aunt but she _here any more.(2006) A. hasnt lived B. didnt live C. didnt lived D. doesnt live 第三节 情态动词的基本用法 1.can could 1)均表示推测，could 语气稍弱 2）could+ have+ V过去分词，表示对过去情况的推测以及与过去事实相反 Some aspects of a pilots job _be boring, and pilots often _work at inconvenient hours.(2006湖南) A. can, had to B. may ,can C. have to ,may D. ought to ,must 2.may,might 表示不太确定的推测，might 语气更弱，此外May可以表示祝福 Sorry Im late .I _have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.(2000北京) A. might B. should c. can D. will 3.must 在否定句中表示禁止或肯定句中表示比较有把握的推测。 1)May I smoke here? If you _,choose a seat in the smoking section.(2006山东) A. should B. could C. may D. must 2)Tom you _leave all you clothes on the floor like this!(2005) A. wouldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. must 4.shall 1）在主语为第二、三人称的肯定句中表示决心、许诺及命令 2）在主语为第一、三人称的疑问句中表示建议或征求对发意见 1)It has been announced that candidates _in their seats until all the papers have been collected.(2004上海) A. can B. will C may D. shall 2)The room is so dirty ._we clean it? Of course.(2003北京春) A. will B. shall C. Would D. Do 6.will，would will表示意愿、决心、请求及能力 Would 表示请求及意愿时语气更加委婉 1)Write to me when you get home. _.(2001春) A. I must B.I should C.I will DI can 2)Children at the beginning of this century _a lot and _themselves greatly even without television.(1993上海) 7.need 表示需要及敢常用于否定及疑问句，少用于肯定句。 Need + have +done 表示需要做但却没有做的事情 Neednt+ have +done 表示做了原本不需要做的事情 1)The weather turned out to be fine yesterday .I _the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.(2006江西) A. should have taken B. could have taken C. neednt have taken D. mustnt have taken 2)As you worked late yesterday, you _have come this morning.(2006陕西) A. maynt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt 第四节 系动词的基本用法 1)Come and see me whenever_.(2003北京) A. you are convenient B. you will