高中英语比较级总复习.doc

概述比较级comparative degree 在英语中通常用下列方式表示的词：在形容词或副词前加more(如 more natural,more clearly )或加后缀 -er(newer,sooner )。典型的是指形容词或副词所表示的质、量或关系的增加。英语句子中，将比较两个主体的方法叫做“比较句型”。其中，像“A比B更”的表达方式称为比较级。组成句子的方式是将形容词或副词变化成比较级的形态。比较级的构成规则1一般单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est；（1）单音节词如：smallsmallersmallest shortshortershortest talltallertallestgreatgreatergreatest（2）双音节词如：clevercleverercleverest narrownarrowernarrowest 2以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较级在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st；如：largelargerlargest nicenicernicest ableablerablest3在重读闭音节（即：辅音元音辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；如：bigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfattest4以“辅音字母y”结尾的双音节词， 把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；如：easyeasiereasiestheavyheavierheaviest busybusierbusiest happyhappierhappiest5其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most；如：beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifuldifferentmore differentmost different easilymore easilymost easily注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. （2） 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常。 It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 6有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。如：good（well）betterbestbad（ill）worseworst oldolder/elderoldest/eldest many/muchmoremost littlelessleast far further/farther furthest/farthest比较级的用法1“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更”。如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。 注意： 在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。 在比较级前面使用much，表示程度“强得多”。如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple. very, quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。 2“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越”如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。It is getting cooler and cooler.天气越来越凉爽。The wind became more and more heavily.风变得越来越大。Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的学校变得越来越美丽。3在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高，Tim还是Tom?4. “the +比较级, the+比较级”，表示“越越”。The more money you make, the more you spend.钱你赚得越多，花得越多。The sooner，the better. 越快越好。5. 表示倍数的比较级用法：. A + be +倍数+ times + the + 形容词对应名词形式+ of + B. 如：The new building is three times the height of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。(新楼是旧楼的四倍高). A + be +倍数+ times +as +原级+ as+ B.如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍). A + be + times +比较级+ than + B.如：Our school is twice bigger than yours.我们学校比你们学校大两倍。6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示“最”的意思。句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如：of the three, in our class等等。如：He is the tallest in our class. 他在我们班里是最高的。7.否定词语+比较级，否定词语+ so as结构表示最高级含义。 Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.8. 比较级与最高级的转换： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class7.修饰比较级和最高级的词1）可修饰比较级的词.a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。 . 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。 . 以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。 注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 (错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. (对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers. 2)下列词可修饰最高级：by far, far, much, mostly, almost。 This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 注意： a. very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。 This is the very best. This is much the best. b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。 Africa is the second largest continent. 8.要避免重复使用比较级。 (错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is more clever than his brother. (对) He is cleverer than his brother. 9.要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 (错) China is larger that any country in Asia. (对) China is larger than any other country in Asia. 10.要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 11.要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。 比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters.10.连用词much ,a little ,a bit,even使用比较级应注意的问题1 比较对象是否明确比较必须在同类事物之间进行，用that代替天气和人口。如：My pen is better than yours.The weather of Harbin is colder than that of Beijing.2比较的范围比较级中的被比对象与比较对象必须属于互不分离的两个范围。比较的对象如在同一范围内。必须加other一词，将比较的个体排除在外。范围内加any other 范围外加any.He is taller than any other boy in his class.Canada is larger than any country in Asia.3 比较级前的修饰语常用来修饰比较级的词有：much ,a little , a bit ,a lot ,even ,still ,a great deal of, far ,by far ,any ,rather及表示倍数的词。修饰可数名词用：many more或few.修饰不可数名词用：much more .There are many more books in your library than in ours.His handwriting is much better than mine.4比较状语从句中的省略than后是一个完整的句子，有时为了避免重复，把谓语部分省略。但如果前后时态不同，则不能省略。The book is more interesting than that one (is interesting).She is much taller than she was last year.I think he will be more careful with his study than he is now.5 比较级与冠词the的使用表示“两者中比较的一个”，要用( the + 比较级 + of the two)的句式.He is the stronger one of the two boys.English is the easier language of the two.6表示倍数的三个结构1 ）be + 倍数 + as as 2 ）be + 倍数 + 比较级 +than 3 ）be + 倍数 + the +名词（尺寸，长度）+ofThe house is three times as big as that one .The house is three times bigger than that one .The pencil is twice the length of that one7比较级 + and + 比较级 越来越Days are getting longer and longer.8the + 比较级 ，the + 比较级 越，越The more ,the better.The more you eat, the fatter youll be.9the + 序数词 + 最高级 + Which is the first most useful invention ?10one of + 最高级+ 名词复数He is one of the tallest boys in his class.11由物主代词修饰的时候，不用冠词He is my best friend.引特殊比较级的构成：原形 比较级 最高级 备注 far Farther / further Farthest / furthest Many / much more most Good / well better Best old Older / elder Oldest / eldest little Less Least Bad / badly / ill Worse Worst important More important Most important 多音节形容词和副词 Tired / slowly / loudly / clearly /careful / surprised / funny More , most 比较级范例1） - Are you feeling _? - Yes，Im fine now. A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better 答案：B. any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better. 2）The experiment was_ easier than we had expected. A. more B. much more C. much D. more much 答案：C. much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。 3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time 答案：D。happier是比较级，因此排除B，happiest是最高级，不需more，因此排除C，由句意可得“如果没有我们会”因此应该选D。 形容词、副词的比较级的用法既是该类语法的重点也是难点。研读历届高考题不难发现，高考对形容词和副词比较级的用法的考查涉及到了多个方面。为了便于同学们学习，下面笔者就其用法的一些重要结构作一归纳并附以练习，以期同学们对此能熟练掌握。 1.“as+adj/adv+as或not so(as)+adj/adv+as.”句型。该句型常用来描述两个比较对象的程度上的相似或不同(即平时说的“等级比较和不等级比较”)。例如： My computer is not so(as) expensive as yours.我的电脑不如你的贵重。 2.“as many/few+可数名词复数+as”或“as much/little(少的)+不可数名词+as”。前者描述数目上的接近，后者描述量的相近。例如： You may borrow as many books as you can.你能借多少书就借多少。 “Drink as much water as you can.”the doctor said to him.医生对他说到：“你要尽可能的多喝些水。” 3.“主语+比较级+than any other”结构表示：主语所描述的事物比其他任何一个都比较级形式表示最高级含义。例如： Li Ming is much cleverer than any other student in their class.李明是他们班中最聪明的学生。 注意：若比较范围不同，than后应用“any+可数名词的复数形式+其他”。例如： China is larger that any countries in Africa.中国比非洲上的任何国家都大。 4.诸如not,never之类的否定词与形容词或副词的比较级连用，表示最高级含义。意为：再没有比更的了。例如： It is not a better idea.这是再好不过的一个办法了。 I have never heard such an interesting story.我从来没有听过比这更有趣的故事了。 5.“形容词+to”结构也可表示比较含义。例如： This kind of car is superior in quality to that.这种汽车的质量比那一种好得多(superior to意为：优于；胜过。) Li ping is three years senior to Liu Gang.李平比刘刚大三岁。(senior to意为：年长于；资格老于；地位高于。) 6.“no+比较级+than”结构表示对两个比较对象都进行否定(可由neithernor结构来改写)。例如： Im no more foolish than you.我们俩都不傻。(相当于Neither I nor you is foolish.) 7.“not more+比较级+than”结构表示在程度上前者不如后者。例如： This book is not more interesting than that one.这本书不如那本书有趣。(相当于The book is less interesting than that one.) 8.“形容词比较级+than+形容词”，意为：与其倒不如。例如： Jack is much harder than clever.与其说杰克聪明，倒不如说他学习用功。 9.would ratherthan, preferto, prefer to dorather than这三个句型表示“宁愿而不愿；喜欢胜过；宁愿做而不愿做”含义。虽无比较级形式，但表示比较级含义。例如： She would rather die than give in.她宁死不屈。 He preferred to go out rather than stay home.他宁愿出去也不愿呆在家里。 10.“The+比较级，the+比较级”。该结构意为“越，越”。例如： The more difficult the questions are, the less likely he is able to answer them.问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。 11.what有时也可以表示“比较”关系，说明两种事物的相同或相似性。what的该种用法常用于书面语，用来加强修辞效果，含有比喻含义，相当于as，意为“好比；正如；就像一样”。what的该类用法共有3种情况： (1)A is to B what C is to D Twelve is two what twenty-four is to four.十二比二就等于二十四比四。 (2)what C is to D, A is to B What food is to the body, a book is to the mind.书籍对于思想犹如食物对于身体。 (3)what C is to D, that A is to B What the gun is to a soldier, that the pen is to a writer.作家的笔犹如战士的枪。 巩固练习请选出符合题意的最佳选项。 1.How beautiful she sings! I have never heard_.(NMET96) A.the better voice B. a good voice C. the better voice D. a better voice 2.-Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you? -I couldnt agree _.The idea is great to me.(2000年北京春季高考题) A.much B. more C. worse D. at all 3.The_you study, the _youll be in it.(MET90) A.hard; interested B. harder; interesting C. harder; more interested D. hardest; more interested 4.As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you lean,_(2002上海) A. the more for life are you equipped B.the more equipped for life you are C.the more life you are equipped for D.you are equipped the more for life 5.The patient isnt out of danger. He is _ than he was yesterday.(96上海题) A.no better B. worst C. not worse D. not more 6.Liu Fang studies much better than _ student in his class. A.any B. any other C. the other D. other 7.This year the farmers have produced twice _ grain_ they did last year.(NMET95) A.As less; as B. fewer; than C. as much;