2015江苏职称英语-语句排列.doc

第3节 语句排列Passage 1 Food poisoning is often caused by salmonella bacteria c 沙门氏菌) in food, especially raw meats and dairy products. Also, be sure to keep your hands and cooking utensils clean so.you do not transfer germs to the food while you are preparing it. So, remember to keep hot food hot and cold food cold: . To stay healthy, you must also be careful to avoid food poisoning-a common,unpleasant, and often dangerous illness that affects one out of every six Americans each year; Heat usually kills the bacteria and refrigeration keeps them from growing. B415324 为了保持健康，你也必须小心，避免食物中毒，一个共同的，令人不快的，而且往往是危险的疾病，每年影响到六成美国人；1 食物中毒往往是由沙门氏菌引起的细菌（沙门氏菌）食品，特别是肉类和乳制品。5 加热通常会杀死细菌和制冷阻止他们成长。3 所以，记得保持热的食物热，冷食品冷2 另外，一定要保持你的手和炊具清洁，所以在你准备它的时候，你不要细菌转移到食物。Passage 2Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have websites on the Internet, and some journals publish only online. Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine. In the past, these journals were available only in print; A few medical journals, like the Journal of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they -diver many fields of medicine.C13542医学杂志上,报告医疗信息给医生和其他保健专业人员。在过去,这些日记是只在打印;由于电子出版发展,现在互联网上有许多医学期刊网站,只发表一些在线期刊。一些医学期刊上,像美国医学协会杂志, 一般被认为是医学期刊,因为他们涉及许多领域的医学。大多数医疗期刊是专业期刊,重点放在特定领域的医学。Passage 31. Generally, courts have accepted the reliability of DNA testing and admitted DNA test results into evidence.2. DNA fingerprinting was first developed as an identification technique in 1985. In criminal investigations, DNA fingerprints derived from evidence collected at the crime scene are compared to the DNA fingerprints of suspects. . Originally used to detect the presence of genetic diseases, it soon came to be used in criminal investigations and legal affairs. The first criminal conviction, based on DNA evidence in the United States occurred in 1988.A24531DNA 指纹技术最初是发展作为识别技术是在 1985 年。原本用来检测遗传疾病的存在,它很快就被使用在刑事调查和法律事务。首次刑事定罪, 根据基因证据在美国发生在 1988。在刑事调查, 来源于在犯罪现场收集的 DNA指纹证据和犯罪嫌疑人的 DNA指纹比对。一般来说,法庭接受了 DNA 测试的可靠性,并承认 DNA 检测结果可作证据Passage 4 The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world. Later, he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic and that was where we stuck, .in surgical instrument terms, for many The word laser means; light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. Thousands of years ago, man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. In the 1960s ,a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art land science of surgery.C42513 几千年前，人类使用方便的岩石为他的手术。以后，他用锐利骨或角，金属刀和最近，橡胶和塑料，我们许多外科手术仪器在这里停留在 60 年代，一个新的工具的被发，首先，在装部队和工业有很大的实际使用，但这也，同时，带来革命性的艺术的科学的外科手术。这个工具就是激光，它正在被越来越多的在世界各地的外科医生使用。“激光”指的是受激辐射的放大的光。Passage 5 . In the traditional gall bladder operation, doctors make a large cut across thepersons abdomen to remove the gall bladder. The bile is released into the intestine to help the body digest and take in food; The gall bladder is an organ that stores bile produced in the liver. But tiny stones can form in the gall bladder. Patients must spend up to l0 days in the hospital and they often suffer painfor as long as six weeks while they recover from the operation.6. The stones can block the-tube leading to the intestine, which can cause severepain. D324615 胆囊是一个储存在肝脏中产生胆汁的器官胆汁释放到肠道，帮助身体消化和食品；但小结石可形成在胆囊。石头可以阻止血管导致小肠，这可能会导致严重的疼痛。/在传统的胆囊手术，医生做一个大的跨越到人的腹部去除胆囊。患者必须花费高达 10 天在医院里，他们从手术中恢复，常常遭受痛苦需要六星期Passage 61. To accomplish this, a small weak or dead strain of the disease is actuallyinjected into the patient in a controlled environment.2.This makes sure that when the patient later comes-into contact with the realproblem, his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it. .In-the most serious cases, in,which the entire population of a region orcountry may be at grave risk, it is deemed necessary to offer the people vaccination sothat the disease will not spread. Information on how ,to penetrate the -diseases defences is transmitted to allelements of the patients immune system in a process, in which genetic information ispassed from cell to cell. The process of vaccination allows the patients body to develop immunity tothe virus or disease so that, if it is encountered, one can ward it off naturally. . A35142 16 1. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop hisintelligence less than the one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born3, Our intelligence, to some extent, is given to us at birth; and no-amount ofspecial education can make a genius out of a child -born with low intelligence. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways. Thus, the limits of a person intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or nothe reaches those limits will depend on his environment. D31542我们的智能，在一定程度上，是我们出生的时候给我们的；大量特殊教育可以使一个天生的低智商的孩子造就天才另一方面，孩子生活在一个无聊的环境来低于一个生活在丰富多彩的环境发展自己的智力因此，一个人智力出生时是固定的，但他是否能达到这个范围将取决于他的环境。这种观点，现在的大多数专家以多种方式支持。这就显示我们的智力在某种程度上是天生的Passage 71. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop hisintelligence less than the one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born3, Our intelligence, to some extent, is given to us at birth; and no-amount ofspecial education can make a genius out of a child -born with low intelligence. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways. Thus, the limits of a person intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or nothe reaches those limits will depend on his environment. D31542我们的智能，在一定程度上，是我们出生的时候给我们的；大量特殊教育可以使一个天生的低智商的孩子造就天才另一方面，孩子生活在一个无聊的环境来低于一个生活在丰富多彩的环境发展自己的智力因此，一个人智力出生时是固定的，但他是否能达到这个范围将取决于他的环境。这种观点，现在的大多数专家以多种方式支持。这就显示我们的智力在某种程度上是天生的Passage 81. To begin with, all the factors which are part of intelligence-the childsunderstanding of language, learning patterns, curiosity areestablished well before the child enters school at the age of 6. .2. Study after study has shown that even after school begins, childrensachievements have been far more influenced by parents than by teachers. As researchers learn more about how childrens intelligence develops, theyare increasingly surprised by the power of parents. This is particularly true about learning that is language-related. The power of school has been replaced by the home.A35124在研究人员更多的了孩子的如何发展智力 ,他们对母的力量越来越感到惊讶。学校的力量已经被家庭取代了。首先,所有的因素分别是智力的孩子的理解、语言的学习模式 ,好奇心在孩子 6 岁进入学校的时候已经建立。大量研究证实,即使开学后,孩子们取得的成就是更受父母影响而不是老师。尤其是关于学习语言。Passage 91 TheresearchersdrewbloodsamplesthatshowedthatthelevelsofC-reactiveproteinweresignificantlyhigherinthesubjectswhowereaskedtodwellonthespeech.2 Fortheseparticipants,thelevelsoftheinflammatorymarkercontinuedtoriseforatleastonehourafterthespeech.3Duringthesametimeperiod,themarkerreturnedtostartinglevelsinthesubjectswhohadbeenaskedtofocusonotherthoughts.4TheC-reactiveproteinisprimarilyproducedbytheliveraspartoftheimmunesystemsinitialinflammatoryresponse.Itrisesinresponsetotraumas,injuriesorinfectionsinthebody.5C-reactiveproteiniswidelyusedasaclinicalmarkertodetermineifapatienthasaninfection,butalsoifheorshemaybeatriskfordiseaselaterinlife.1研究人员采集了她们的血液样本，样本显示，那些被要求认真思考演讲表现的参与者体内的C反应蛋白水平要高得多。2在演讲结束后至少一个小时，这些参与者体内标志着炎症的蛋白水平依然持续上升。3而在此期间，那些被要求集中注意力想其他事情的参与者体内的C反应蛋白水平却回到了起点。4C反应蛋白主要由肝脏产生，是免疫系统对炎症初步反应的一部分。在身体遭受外伤、损伤或感染时C反应蛋白水平会相应上升。5C反应蛋白被广泛作为确定病人是否被感染的一个临床指标，但也被用来预测病人日后患疾病的风险。Passage 10 An American team has developed a highly efficient technique to carry outgene transplants in mice.The effort to develop gene transplants as a treatment for hereditary(遗传的)diseases has taken another; step forward. The latest feat in the drive towards performing a gene transplant on man wasreported by doctors Suzanne Mansour, Kirk Thomas and Mario Capecchi of theHoward Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. It is a breakthrough, producing a new approach to doing gene therapy, saidDr.Capecchi. Eventually, scientists hope to be able to use the technique in man to replacethe defective genes responsible for diseases such as hemophilia and cystic fibrosis.B21534努力研发基因移植作为治疗遗传性 (遗传的)疾病已经采取另一种;向前迈进一步。一个美国团队开发了一种高效的技术来进行小鼠基因移植。最终,科学家们希望能够利用这种技术在人更换有引起疾病的缺陷基因,如血友病和囊性纤维化。苏珊娜?曼苏尔医生报告了一个基因移植的人最新的成果,柯克托马斯和马里奥的霍华德?休斯医学研究所盐湖城。“这是一个突破,一个新的方法来做基因疗法,”Dr.Capecchi 说。Passage 11 To make insurance more affordable, Congress must act to address rapidly rising health care costs. On the critical issue of health care ,our goal is to ensure that Americans canchoose and afford private health care coverage that best fits their individual I ask you to give lower-income Americans a refundable tax credit that wouldallow millions to buy their own basic health insurance4. I urge you to pass association health plans. Small businesses should be able to band together and negotiate for lowerinsurance rates, so they can cover more workers with health insurance;A21543在卫生保健某些关键问题上,我们的目标是确保美国人可以自由选择和负担其起最适合他们的个人私人医保覆盖面使保险变得更加负担得起的,国会必须采取行动来解决快速上涨的医疗成本。小企业应该能够团结起来,争取降低保险费率,所以他们能够覆盖更多的工人健康保险;我敦促你通过协会健康计划。我要求你们给低收入美国人一个减税额,让很多人购买自己的基本医疗保险Passage 12 It is understandable for people to be panicked, but those living outside Africa shouldnt be particularly concerned about contracting the virus, says a Washington Post article. This is because transmission of Ebola requires direct contact with an infected persons blood, vomit or other bodily fluids during the period that he or she is contagious. It is something that is extremely unlikely for anyone but healthcare workers. The virus is not spread by coughing or sneezing. Media outlets in the US and the UK are using terrifying headlines, wrongly claiming that people infected with the virus have traveled to their countries.华盛顿邮报的一篇文章写道：人们的恐慌是可以理解的，但是，身处非洲国家之外的人不必过于担心自己会被感染。这是因为埃博拉是通过体液传播的，只有直接接触感染者的血液、呕吐物或是其他体液才可能被感染，而咳嗽、打喷嚏并不会传染。由此看来，医务工作者才是最容易感染病毒的人。 一些美国与英国媒体却用耸人听闻的标题，误称有感染者进入自己国家境内。 Passage 13Both the food industry and its most rabid critics leverage the “Appeal to Nature” logical fallacy, or “Argumentum ad Naturam,” to their own benefit. “Many people adopt this as a default belief,” writes Bo Bennett at his site Logically Fallacious, where, logically enough, he catalogs logical fallacies. If “natural” meant anything at all, science would evaluate things based on their “naturalness.” But of course it doesnt, both because theres no workable definition for “natural,” and because even if “naturalness” could be measured, it wouldnt tell us anything meaningful. “There are many natural things that are better than unnatural,” Bennett writes, “but they must be evaluated based on other criteria besides the naturalness,” He advises readers: “Keep in mind that Mother Nature is the kind of mother who wouldnt hesitate to throw you in a dumpster and leave you there to die.”食品行业及其最为偏执的批评者纷纷利用“诉诸于天然”这一逻辑谬论来满足自身利益。波贝内特（Bo Bennett）在他的网站“逻辑谬误”（Logically Fallacious）中写道，“很多人将其作为默认的信仰”。他在这一极具逻辑性的网站中逐一列举了各种逻辑谬误。如果“天然的”真的存在，那么科学可以根据其“天然度”来进行评估。当然，这是不存在的，原因有两点：首先，“天然”一词没有经得起推敲的定义；再者，即便“天然度”可以衡量，其结果对我们来说也没有什么意义。贝内特写道，“有很多天然的事物要好于非天然的事物，然而在评价时，我们在使用天然度的同时还应使用其他的标准。”他告诫读者们：“记住，大自然有时也会毫不犹豫地将你扔进垃圾桶，然后让你自生自灭。”Passage 14(1)MaryMorgan,anursewholivesinParma,Ohio,wasdiagnosedsevenyearsagowithemphysema,aformofCOPD.Still,shecontinuedtosmokeforafewmoreyearsbecausethediseasewasntbotheringme,shesays.(2)Twoyearsago,the55-year-oldcamedownwithpneumoniaandhadtocall911becauseshecouldntbreathe.(3)Shequitsmokingbutneededtobeonoxygenallthetime.Shegaspedforbreathoftenandwasntabletospeakmorethanafewwordsatatime.Itgetstothepointwhereyouarelivinginsuchmiserythatyoujustdontwanttogoon,Ms.Morgansays.(4)Aftercompletingapulmonaryrehabilitationprogram,Ms.MorganwasacceptedintothecoilstrialattheClevelandCliniclastDecember.Dr.Mehtaandanotherpulmonologistplaced12ofthesmalldevicesinherrightlowerlung.(5)Shewasdischargedfromthehospitalafterjustonenightandsaysshefeltimprovementsalmostimmediately.Testsamonthlatershowedherbreathinghadimprovedby30%.玛丽摩根(MaryMorgan)是住在俄亥俄州帕尔马(Parma,Ohio)的一名护士。七年前，她被确诊为肺气肿，肺气肿是慢性阻塞性肺疾病的一种表现形式。即便如此，她还是继续抽了好几年烟。因为她说这个病“当时并没有太困扰我”。两年后，55岁的摩根患上了肺炎，还不得不打911急救电话，因为那时她已无法呼吸。虽然她已戒了烟，但是仍需要一直吸氧。她还经常喘气，讲话时一次也说不了几个词。摩根说：“已经病到这个地步了，如此痛苦煎熬，都不想再活下去了。”摩根在完成了一次肺康复治疗后，于去年12月份获准在克利夫兰诊所接受线圈试验治疗。梅塔医生及另一位肺科专家在她的右肺下部植入了12个小线圈。她术后仅在医院待了一晚便出了院，还称自己几乎是马上就感觉好多了。一个月后的测试显示，她的呼吸状况改善了30%。Passage 15Sittinginwaterduringlabor,sometimescalledhydrotherapy,canpromoterelaxation,improvebloodflowandreduceswelling,accordingtoscientificliterature.Tubs-withorwithoutmassagingjets-areavailableatmanybirthingcentersandsomehospitals.Forhomebirths,womencanuseabathtuborrentabirthingtubforabout$200to$300.Typicallythewaterisheatedtobodytemperature,saysJennaShaw-Battista,directoroftheNurse-MidwiferyEducationProgramattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.Thetubisfilledtocoverthebellyandsometimesashighasthechest,Dr.Shaw-Battistasays.Clothingisoptional,sheadds,andmanywomenwearasportsbraorahospitalgown.科学文献显示，坐在水中生产（有时被称为水疗分娩）能够帮助产妇放松，促进血液循环并减轻肿胀。水缸（有些带按摩喷嘴，有些没有）许多分娩中心都有提供，一些医院也会提供。如果在家中生产，产妇可以使用浴缸，或者租用分娩缸，费用在200到300美元左右。加州大学旧金山分校(UniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco)的护理和助产教育项目(Nurse-MidwiferyEducationProgram)主管詹娜肖-巴蒂斯塔(JennaShaw-Battista)表示，水一般会加热至体温。肖-巴蒂斯塔博士说，缸内的水会没过腹部，有时甚至会齐胸。她补充称，穿不穿衣服可以自己选择，许多女性会穿运动文胸或者医院的病号服。Passage 16Do mammograms save lives? Thats the question being asked after a major new study - one of the biggest ever - released its results. Since then, doctors and others have weighed in.乳房X光检查真的能拯救生命吗？一些医学研究者在问这个问题。在此之前，美国进行了有史以来最大的重要研究。不少医生和科研人员正在思考这个问题。Mammograms are often considered the most powerful weapon in the war against breast cancer, but results from one of the largest studies ever done question their value. The study involved 90,000 women and spanned a quarter of a century.乳房X光检查一直被认为是同乳腺癌做斗争的最有力的武器。最新的研究持续了25年，有九万名妇女参加。这项历来最大规模的研究却向乳房X光检查的有效性提出了疑问。The women were divided into two groups. The first got regular mammograms, while the second group received physical breast exams only. After 25 years, the researchers found an equal number of women died from breast cancer in both groups.参加研究的妇女被分成两组。第一组进行常规的乳房X光检查，第二组人只做手工乳房检查。25年后，研究人员发现，两组人中有同样数量的人死于乳腺癌。Breast surgeons like Negar Golesorkhi said mammograms are imperfect tools in finding tumors, particularly for women with dense breasts.格雷索克希等乳房外科医生说，乳房X光检查并不是发现癌肿的完善工具。特别是对那些乳房组织密集的妇女来说，更是如此。Passage 17February is heart health month, and a new study that provides clues to young people about keeping their hearts healthy. The study looks at high blood pressure, which can lead to heart attack or stroke. It finds that high blood pressure in people as young as 18 increases their risk for heart disease.在美国，二月是心脏健康月。美国之音记者皮尔森为我们介绍一份研究，为年轻人保持心脏健康提供了建议。这份研究特别讨论了高血压导致心脏病和中风的可能性。研究发现，如果18岁左右的年轻人罹患高血压，那将增加患心脏病的危险。High blood pressure increases a persons risk of heart disease, no matter when they develop it. Thats why doctors monitor blood pressure so carefully.高血压增加患者的心脏病风险，不管患者在哪个年龄段开始得高血压。这就是为什么医生那么仔细的监测你的血压。A new study finds that young adults in their teens and 20s who develop high blood pressure are more at risk for heart disease by the time they reach middle age, 35 to 50 years old, than those whose blood pressure is normal.新的研究发现，十几岁或20出头的青年，如果患有高血压，他们在35岁到50岁的中年阶段患心脏病的可能性，就会比那些年轻时血压正常的人要大。Passage 18In the future, your doctor may prescribe you a videogame.将来医生给你开的药方可能就是一款电子游戏。In a groundbreaking new study at the University of California, San Francisco, scientists found that older adults improved cognitive controls such as multitasking and the ability to sustain attention by playing a specially designed videogame - and that the effects can be long lasting.加州大学旧金山分校(University of California, San Francisco)科学家的一项突破性研究发现，通过玩专门设计的电子游戏，年龄较长的成年人改善了多重任务处理、维持注意力等认知控制能力，而且这些效果可以持续很久。The study, to be published in the scientific journal Nature on Thursday, is part of a broader effort to understand whether specially designed videogames can help treat neurological disorders, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and even depression.研究结果发表在9月5日出版的科学杂志自然(Nature)上面。它和另外一些研究一样，都是为了弄清楚专门设计的电子游戏是否有助于治疗神经障碍，比如注意力缺陷多动症，甚至是抑郁等。The new study is a powerful example of how plastic the older brain is, said Adam Gazzaley, a director of the UCSF Neuroscience Imaging Center and a co-author of the study. Mr. Gazzaley is also the co-founder and adviser of Akili Interactive Labs, a startup focused on designing these types of videogames.论文的共同作者、加州大学旧金山分校神经科学成像中心(Neuroscience Imaging Center)主任亚当加扎利(Adam Gazzaley)说，这项新的研究“有力地证明了老年人的大脑是多么有可塑性”。加扎利也是Akili Interactive Labs共同创始人兼顾问；这是一家专门设计上述类型电子游戏的初创公司。Passage 19COPDincludestwomainconditions,emphysemaandchronicbronchitis,andmostpatientshaveelementsofboth.Emphy