中考专题复习代词.doc

中考专题复习代词（一）人称代词1、人称代词：1) 人称代词主格，宾格：人称代词是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”等的词，有人称、数和格的变化。第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he, she, it him, her, it they them2) 人称代词的用法：a. 作主语（用主格）e.g. We all like maths very much. 我们都很喜欢数学。b. 作宾语（用宾格）e.g. Would you mind giving her a hand? 你能帮帮她吗？ Im very pleased with it. 我对它很满意。c. 作表语（用主格，口语常用宾格）e.g. Open the door, please. Its me. 请打开门，是我。注意：两个或者两个以上的人称代词并列的时候，1) 单数形式排列一般是：第二人称,第三人称,第一人称。e.g. You, he and I are all your fathers students. 2) 复数形式的排列一般是：第一人称，第二人称，第三人称。e.g. We, you and they all go swimming after school. 3) 如果表示承担错误和责任，一般把I最前面。（二）物主代词物主代词表示所有关系，它可以分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种形式。单 数复 数 形容词性物主代词 my your his, her, its our your their名词性物主代词 mine yours his, hers, its ours yours theirs1) 名词性物主代词可以在句子中作主语、表语和宾语，相当于形容词性物主代词+名词。e.g. This isnt my coat, mine (=my coat) has been put in the classroom. 这不是我的大衣，我的（大衣）已经放在教室里了。A student of his (= his students) has gone to America. 2) 形容词性物主代词在句子中作定语，后面接名词。e.g. This is my book. 这是我的书。练习：1. Davids words are different from _. I really cant agree with _.A. mine; him B. mine; hes C. me; him D. me; his2. The two little pandas are crying. _ cannot find_ mother.A. She; her B. They; them C. They; their D. They; her3. Deborah always helps my brother and _ with _ English.A. I; our B. me; ourselves C. I; my D. me; our4. Your friend is from England, but _ is from America.A. my B. her C. his D. our（三）反身代词表示“某人自己”的代词，叫反身代词，也叫自身代词。反身代词在句子中可以作宾语、表语和同位语，我们需要注意反身代词与所指代的名词或代词在人称、性别和数上保持一致。1) 反身代词的构成：第一人称和第二人称:物主代词-self/selves第三人称是:宾格代词-self/selves单数形式是加-self，复数形式是加-selves重点短语：byoneself某人独自 enjoy oneselfhave a good time 玩得开心teach oneself 自学 help oneself to 随便吃、喝注意：反身代词没有所有格形式，但是可以用形容词性物主代词+own表示所有格含义。e.g. Please retell the story, using your own words. 练习：1. My brother has taught _ English since 2001.A. oneself B. itself C. himself D. herself2. I cant find my ruler. Can you lend me _?Sorry, Im using it myself.A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself（四）不定代词不定代词有：some (something，somebody，someone)，any (anything，anybody，anyone)，no (nothing，nobody，no one)，every (everything，everybody，everyone)，all，each，both，much，many，(a) little，(a) few，other(s)，another，none，one，either， neither等。几个重要的不定代词的用法：1、a few, a little, few, littlefew和a few经常用来修饰或者代替可数名词；a little和little经常用来修饰或者代替不可数名词。a few和a little的意思是“有一点、有几个”，表示肯定的意义；few和little的意思是“很少、几乎没有”，表示否定的意义。e.g. We have a few friends here.There is a little water in my glass. Just have some, please. My father has few friends in the factory.There is little time left. We must hurry up. 练习：1. Can you speak Chinese?Yes. But only _.A. few B. a few C. Little D. a little2. Can I talk to you for a minute, Aggie?Sorry, I have _ time.A. a few B. little C. few D. a little2、one，it，this，that1) one可以泛指任何人和事物，可以用在形容词和指示代词this和that的后面代替上文提到的可数名词，它的复数形式是ones。e.g. There are a lot of socks in the shop. What color do you want? I want the red ones. 2) it是指上文提到的或者下文将要提到的人、事物和情况。e.g. Who is speaking out of the door?I dont know. It may be your father. 3) this和that是指示代词，this一般用来指时间和空间上比较近的人或者事物。e.g. This is my father. 这是我的爸爸。that一般用来指时间和空间上比较远的人或者事物。e.g. Whats that over there? 练习：1. Does _ matter if you cant find your English book?A. it B. This C. That D. he3、other, the other, another, others 1) another 指“任何一个”“再一”“另一”，作代词或形容词，用于三者或三者以上。e.g. I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldnt face another day like that. Please give me another ten minutes.请再给我十分钟。2) the other 可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的“另一个”；也可修饰名词表示“另外的”。e.g. There are two pens on the table. One is blue，and the other is red.3) other 不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义。e.g. There are other ways to do this experiment.4) others 只能单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some 一起出现；特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others。e.g. Some people like to stay at home on Sunday，but others like to go to the cinema.练习：1. Neither side is prepared to talk to_unless we can smooth things over between them.AothersBthe other CanotherDone other2. This young man is very clever；he may be _Edison.Athe oneBthe other CanotherDone3. You are a team star！Working with_is really your cup of tea.Aboth Beither Cothers Dthe other4、something, anything, nothing，everything1) something的意思是“某些事物”，主要用于肯定句中；有时也用于疑问句中表示请求。e.g. The teacher wants to tell you something about the exam. Would you like something to eat?2) everything的意思是“每件事物”，主要用于肯定句中，在否定句中表示部分否定。 e.g. Your teacher has already told me everything about your family.I dont know everything about him. 3) anything的意思是“任何事物”，主要用在否定句和疑问句中。例如：e.g. Do you have anything to do tonight? Our teacher didnt say anything at the meeting. 4) nothing的意思是“没有任何事物”，是表示否定意义的不定代词。e.g. I did nothing for your exam. 对你的考试我什么事情也没有做。注意：形容词修饰something, anything, everything, nothing等时，要放在不定代词后面。e.g. I have something important to deal with. 我有重要的事要处理。5、all, both, either, neither, no one, none的用法比较1) all 表示“(三者或三者以上)都”，指人或所有的物，看作复数；指抽象的概念，作“一切”讲，看作单数。e.g. I dont like all of the three books. Only one in particular has attracted my attention.2) both 表示“(两者)都”。e.g. Both of them like popular songs.3) either 表示“(两者中)任何一者”。e.g. There are shops on either side of the street.4) neither 表示“(两者)都不”。e.g. Because Henry and Mark had to work，neither of them came yesterday. 5) none作可数名词用时，指三者或三者以上，作主语时谓语动词用单数或复数均可，作不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，在句中作主语或宾语，不作定语，不与名词连用。e.g. Wow！Youve got so many clothes.But none of them are in fashion now.6) no one 和nobody 只指人不指物，其后不接of 短语，一般回答who 的提问。e.g. Charles was alone at home，with no one looking after him.练习：1. Which one can I take?You can take _of them；Ill keep none.Aboth Bany Ceither Dall2. How do you usually keep in touch with your friends，by email or letter?_.I use telephone only.ANone BNeither CAny DEither3. There are two roads leading to the power station along the river. You can take _of the roads.Aeither Bboth Cneither Dall4. They all wanted to stop working because they were very tired，but _of them would say so.Aany Bsome Cnone Dneither6、many，much这两个单词是同义词，都表示“许多”的意思。many的后面用可数名词的复数形式；much用来修饰不可数名词。e.g. They have many friends in our school. My sister has much homework to do tonight. （五）易错点点拨： 1、代词的主格和宾格混淆。Look! These red apples are all for he. 解析：代词he在介词for的后面作宾语，应用