赢在高考高三英语二轮复习 专题十五 议论文考点精练.doc

专题十五议论文针对高考训练一、单项填空1.(2014西安铁一中国际合作学校高三模拟)nowadays,few people develop the habit of keeping a supply of oil-lamps in the house in case of power .a.lackb.absencec.failured.drop答案:c解析:考查名词辨析。句意:如今很少有人有在家里备个油灯以防停电的习惯。lack“缺少”;absence“缺席”;failure“失败”;drop“落下”;power failure“电力故障,电源故障,停电”。2.(2014山西忻州一中高三联考)that is most moving play so that most people like to see it.a.a;ab.the;thec.the;/d.a;/答案:d解析:考查冠词的用法。句意:那是个非常感人的戏剧,以至于大多数人都很喜欢。第一空填a,a most“一个非常”;第二空处因为没有范围,所以不是最高级,不填the,这里泛指“大多数人”,不加冠词,故选d项。3.the killer insisted that she was defending herself when .a.attackingb.attackedc.to attackd.having attacked答案:b解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:杀人犯强调着说当受到攻击时,她只是正当防卫。when后面完整的句子是when she was attacked,此句省略与主句相同的主语she和be动词,所以选b项。4.after so many disasters,we should greater importance to harmony with nature.a.attachb.contributec.applyd.devote答案:a解析:句意:经过那么多自然灾害后,我们应当认为与自然界保持和谐非常重要。此处要用attach importance to.表示“认为重要”。contribute.to.表示“为做贡献”;apply.to.“把应用于”;devote.to.表示“把专注于”。5.“on no condition you are a chinese,”dad told me before i went abroad.a.you should forgetb.forget youc.shouldnt you forgetd.should you forget 答案:d解析:句意:父亲在我出国前告诉我“在什么情况下你都不要忘记你是一个中国人”。on no condition意为“在任何条件下都不”,提到句首,该句用部分倒装,把情态动词should提到主语you前面。6.(2014浙江嘉兴第一中学高三检测)as is known to all language learners,newly-learnt words will soon be forgotten unless used in everyday communication.a.exactlyb.finallyc.graduallyd.frequently答案:d解析:考查副词辨析。句意:语言学习者都知道,如果不经常在日常交际中使用,新学的单词会很快忘掉。exactly “精确地”;finally“最后地”;gradually“逐渐地”;frequently “频繁地”,根据句意可知应选d项。7.willpower is a kind of quality, is it takes to do anything well.a.what;whichb.what;whatc.which;whichd.which;what答案:d解析:句意:意志力是一种品质,这是种把任何工作做好所需要的品质。从结构上看,第一个空引导非限制性定语从句修饰quality。这个关系词要在从句中作主语,故用which。what不能引导定语从句。第二个空用what引导表语从句,且在表语从句中作takes的宾语,意为“的东西”。8.why didnt you let me know it this morning? you concentrate on the important exam.a.helpb.helpingc.to have helpedd.to help答案:d解析:回答部分要作目的状语,故用动词不定式,c.to have helped是不定式的完成时,表示发生在此事之前的动作,排除。d.to help表示目的,发生在“didnt let me know it”之后。9.(2014浙江省五校高三联考)hard work and lack of sleep have her beauty and youth in recent years.a.worn outb.tried outc.made outd.sent out答案:a解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意:最近几年的辛苦工作和缺少睡眠耗尽了她的美丽和青春年华。worn out“用坏,穿破,筋疲力尽,耗尽”;try out“尝试”;make out“辨认出,理解”;send out“发送,发出”。根据句意可知选a项。10.tom has recovered and come back to school already.really?i he is still in hospital.a.thinkb.have thoughtc.am thinkingd.thought答案:d解析:句意:“汤姆已恢复健康,回到学校了。”“真的吗?我还认为他仍然在住院呢。”“认为”是过去的事,故用一般过去时。二、完形填空1.learning to save money when youre young is an important lesson.all good lessons and habits begin early,and saving is a skill that everyone 1.many people adults included do not have a good 2 of saving for the long run.i have been 3 to learn this lesson early because i have had a grass cutting business since i was 10 years old.4 the money i made i spent about 10 percent and saved the other 90.making sure you save and dont spend too much is a good way to 5 wealth.i have put my earnings in a bank.many teens i know spend all the money they earn so it never has a chance to 6.young people should 7 that their teenage years are a great time to begin saving.if you have a job at high school,you 8 have fun with some of the money.but you should also save some 9 it will grow.then you can begin planning for your future.when you spend money,you not only lose that money,10 lose the interest you could have earned by saving it.after high school,college is 11,with expenses such as food and rent.if you can 12 a good percentage of the money you earn as a teen,going to college and buying a house will be much easier.if you are in your thirties without any savings,you will always have to 13.later in life it can be hard to start saving14 general cost of living is more expensive and you may only have enough to pay your 15.if you want to buy a house and have a family,you need money to start with,which 16 saving.many say money cannot make you happy,and this is true.but money can help you to lead a 17 life.saving early will mean you will have to work for fewer years when you are older.it will also 18 you to spend time doing the things that you want to do.19,it will mean you can live the way you want to without 20.【语篇导读】 年轻时就要学会省钱,这是重要的一课。所有好的习惯都开始于青年时代新时代的青年人应如何花钱、省钱、存钱是值得我们思考的问题。1a.needsb.likesc.arrangesd.expects答案:a解析:由语境可知,省钱应该是每一个人都需要的技能。2.a.knowledgeb.experiencec.formd.sense答案:d解析:have a good sense of“对有明确的意识”。句意:很多人,包括成年人,对为了长远打算而省钱都没有明确的意识。这里强调的是认识上的问题,所以不能用knowledge。3.a.foolishb.fundamentalc.luckyd.grateful答案:c解析:第一段告诉我们,早点接受省钱的教育是很好的,而“我”恰恰在小时候就上了这样的课,自然是很幸运了。foolish “愚蠢的,傻的”;fundamental “基本的,主要的”;grateful “感激的”。4.a.withb.ofc.ind.from答案:b解析:这里表示范围,意思是“在我赚的钱中”,所以要选b项。5.a.divide upb.build upc.keep upd.make up答案:b解析:build up在此表示“逐渐积累(资金等)”。句意:要确保储蓄而不挥霍是增长财富的好方法。divide up “分配”;keep up “保持,维持”;make up “弥补,编造”。6.a.breakb.runc.maked.grow答案:d解析:grow “增加,增长”。既然花掉了所有的钱,钱就不可能增多。7.a.recognizeb.realizec.researchd.doubt答案:b解析:realize “意识到”,符合语境。recognize “认出”;research “研究,调查”;doubt “怀疑”。8.a.mustb.darec.shouldd.may答案:c解析:should “应该”,在这里表示按情理推出的较大的可能性,符合语境。may “可能,也许”,表示不太肯定的推测。9.a.so thatb.in casec.in thatd.but for答案:a解析:由语境知“it will grow”是“you should also save some”的结果,所以用so that引导结果状语从句。in case “以防,万一”;in that “因为,由于”;but for “要不是”。10.a.butb.andc.alsod.or答案:a解析:not only.but also是并列连词,可以省略also。11.a.expensiveb.cheapc.boringd.bitter答案:a解析:由下文的“with expenses such as food and rent”可以看出,大学的费用应该是比较昂贵的。12.a.hold outb.hold upc.hold ontod.hold back答案:c解析:hold onto “紧紧抓住”,在这里引申为:不花掉,积攒。句意:如果你能把少年时期赚的钱积攒一些的话,那么你上大学、买房子就轻松多了。hold out “伸出,维持”;hold up “阻挡,使停顿”;hold back “抑制,退缩”。13.a.surviveb.strugglec.tolerated.die答案:b解析:很显然,这里是从反面论证从小学会节约的好处:如果你到30岁还没有积蓄,那你将不得不努力了。所以要选struggle“奋斗,努力”。survive “幸存”;tolerate “忍耐”;die “死亡”。14.a.ifb.as long asc.whiled.since答案:d解析:很显然,后一个分句解释的是“later in life it can be hard to start saving”的原因,所以选since表示“因为,由于”。15.a.billsb.taxesc.attentiond.consequences答案:a解析:pay the bills指支付生活中的各种账单,符合语境。pay the taxes “交税”;pay attention “注意”;pay consequences “承担后果”。16.a.results fromb.gets fromc.comes fromd.escapes from答案:c解析:come from “来自”。这里要表达的意思是:这些钱来自你节省下来的钱。17.a.happyb.simplec.miserabled.secure答案:d解析:secure “安心的,无虑的”。文章最后一句有暗示。句意:钱可以帮你过一种安心的生活。由上一句话可以排除a项。simple “简朴的”;miserable “凄惨的”,都不符合语境。18.a.forbidb.allowc.advised.request答案:b解析:这样就可以做一些自己喜欢的事情了。allow “允许,准许”。19.a.in additionb.above allc.on the contraryd.believe it or not答案:a解析:这里承接上一段的两个方面进一步阐述早点开始攒钱的好处,所以应该选择in addition “另外,除之外”。20.a.consultingb.worryingc.restingd.thinking答案:b解析:句意:此外,从早些时候开始攒钱还意味着你可以无忧地按你想要的生活方式生活。consult “咨询,商量”;rest “休息”;think “思考”。三、阅读理解1.technology has been an encouragement of historical change.it acted as such a force in england beginning in the eighteenth century,and across the entire western world in the nineteenth.rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture (制造) of goods,which has changed ideas about work.one of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power.along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time.people also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: each nail was exactly like every other nail,meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail.this means that goods could be mass production,although mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks.workers no longer started on the product and labored to complete it.instead,they might work only one thousandth of it,other workers completing their own parts in certain order.there is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by todays standards.highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques,as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand.but the skilled worker wasnt the only loser,the common workers lost too.similar changes forced farmers away.the increased mechanization (机械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops.they had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers.increasingly,standards were set by machines.workers no longer owned their own tools,their skill was no longer valued,and pride in their work was no longer possible.workers fed,looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost.1in this passage,which of the following is not considered as a change caused by the use of scientific findings in the production of goods?a.other forms of energy have taken the place of human power.b.the increased exploitation of workers in the 19th century.c.the increased use of machines to make products in less time.d.the use of machines producing parts of the same standard.答案:b解析:细节理解题。从文章第一段的 “one of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power.along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time.people also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product.” 可知,a、c、d三项都在文中提到了。故答案为b项。2.according to the writer,highly skilled workers .a.completely disappeared with the coming of the factory systemb.were dismissed by the bossc.were unable to produce goods of high standardd.were unable to produce fine goods at