高考英语考前语法梳理 定语从句素材.doc

定语从句序号知 识 要 点已掌握未掌握1定语从句的先行词必须是名词/ 代词2英语中，定语从句必须放在被修饰的词的后面；限制性和非限制性定语从句的六点区别：形式不同；功能不同；翻译不同；含义不同；先行词不同；关系词不同3关系代词，指人的有that, who, whom, whose,指物的有that, which, whose；关系副词有when, where, why；关系代词作宾语时，可以省略。4定语从句的引导词，首先决定于先行词，然后决定于功能；当先行词是物时，从句中缺主语，用that, which,缺宾语用：that, which;先行词指人时，定语从句缺主语，用that, who, 缺宾语，用that, who, whom;先行词指物时，从句不缺主语和宾语，则用whose5(whose roof =the roof of which= of which the roof)6先行词为way，关系副词用that, in which, 或省略先行词为occasion,关系副词用when先行词为situation/case/point/system/job/race等关系副词用where7so/suchthat 结果状语从句和so/such as 定语从句；the same that同一物和the same as同类异物8one of the students 作先行词时从句中谓语动词用复数；the only one of the students 作先行词时从句中谓语动词用单数9is this school?和is this the school?后面如何接定语从句is this school the one (that) you visited yesterday?is this school the one where you studied 10 years ago?is this school (that/which) you visited yesterday beautiful?is this the school (that/ which) you visited yesterday?is this the school where you studied 10 years ago?10as is known to us all, / it is known to us all thatwhat is known to us all is that11he has three daughters, all of whom are teachers.he has three daughters; all of them are teachers.he has three daughters and all of them are teachers.12you can use a large plastic bottle, whose top was cut off.you can use a large plastic bottle, its top cut off.13as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别1. which 引导的定语从句只能位于主句后，但as引导的从句可位于主句前、中、后。2. as在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语通常要有be或别的系动词，但which不受此限制。3. as 引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事，但 which 不受此限制。4. as有“正如”之意，而which则意为“这(件事，一点)”，可用and this/that/it来代替。5. as多用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(这是常有的事)，as was expected(不出所料)，as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)，as is known to all(众所周知)，as has been said before(如上所述)，as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等。注：which 代表整个句子，还可用于in which case, at which point, on which occasion等。14先行词指物时，只用that 引导定语从句的五种情况1. 被修饰的先行词为不定代词，如all, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等2. 先行词被only, any, few, little, no, one of, just等词修饰时。3. 先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。4. 先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词应用that。5. 主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时6. 在限制性定语从句中，当先行词在定语从句中作表语时15先行词为人时，只用who/whom的情况：(1)当先行词为one, he, those, anyone及people并且前面那些代词指人时;those who break the law will be punished . anyone who breaks the law will be punished.=whoever wants to go for a picnic must get to the gate by 6:10.he who doesnt reach the great wall is not a true man.(2) 表示人的先行词后有插入语时及在分隔式定语从句中先行词为人的话用who/whom而不用that ;this is the boy who everybody knows has won the first place in the competition.a new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you maths.先行词为人时，只用that的情况：(1)主句中有疑问词who 时，为避免重复;who is the m