语法填空解题技巧.doc

语境语法填空题解题技巧样题：仔细阅读下面短文并按照语境完成填空（每空只能填一个单词），注意语法，词性，词形变化等。将答案填写在答题纸上。请考生务必注意答题纸上相应的题号。Last night I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg , a 48 of about eighty miles. It was late. At one point along an open highway, I came to a crossroad with a traffic light. I was alone on the road by then, but as I 49 the light, it turned red and I braked to a halt. I looked left, right and 50 me. Nothing. There I sat, expecting the light to change, the only human being for at least a mile in any direction.I started wondering why I refused to run the light. I was not afraid of being 51 because there was obviously no policeman around. I stopped because its part of a contract we all have with each other. Its not only the law, 52 its an arrangement we have, and we trust each other to honor it .Its a very good thing too, because the whole structure of our society depends on mutual 53 , not distrust. We do what we say well do, and we pay when we say well pay. We trust each other in these matters, and when we dont do what weve 54 , its a deviation from(偏离) the normal. It happens often that we dont act in good faith and in a trustworthy manner, but we still consider it 55 , and were angry or disappointed with the person or organization that violates the trust we have in them.I was so proud of myself for stopping for the red light that night!答案解析48. distance 指两地的距离。解题关键在于介词of，介词of前后往往连接两个同位关系的名词，所以通过eighty miles可以得知前面应该填距离。49. approached是“靠近”的意思。50. behind 作者提到了“左和右”，开车肯定是要往前看的，故根据常识判断这里指的是“往后看”。51. fined 根据上下文可知，违反交通规则是要被罚款的。52. but not onlybut(also)为固定搭配。53. trust 相对下文的not distrust的逻辑可知 。54. promised 通过上下文得知:如果我们不去做我们承诺过的事情，那就偏离了正常的轨道。55. unusual通过上下文得知: 虽然我们会做一些不守信用的事，但我们仍认为那是不正常的。做题步骤：首先根据语法规则判断词性，在了解词性之后再来确定究竟用哪个词的哪个形式。一、代词题：代词中，重点考察的是it作为形式主语和形式宾语的用法；以及人称代词和物主代词；还有引导各种从句的代词。在做人称代词和物主代词题的时候，要注意性别以及单复数，和形容词性和名词性物主代词的问题。不定代词，尤其注意other, the others, others, the other, another, either, neither, none, all等的指代。还要注意one, ones, the ones, it, those, the one的用法。e.g. She has three sons, one twelve, the _ twins of seven.此处是独立主格结构，答案为others,而学生很容易填成other, 认为others是代词，后面不能接twins,但是twins of seven在此处是作宾语补足语。e.g. She made _ clear that she wouldnt like to do the housework alone.此处很明显that引导的是一个宾语从句，因此句中缺形式宾语，所以我们填入形式宾语it。e.g. After all, law is law. And everyone has to obey _.此处很明显，根据上下文，这儿应填入指代law的代词，所以我们填入it.e.g. The temperature in Changsha is generally higher than _ in Beijing.此处我们应填入指代temperature的词，所以我们填入that.e.g. She was determined to do _ she can to save her son.此处很容易观察出，应该填写一个引导宾语从句的代词，所以我们填入whatever.二、冠词：在名词前，一定要多注意是否缺少冠词，可数名词单数表泛指时，往往在考试中需要在前面填入a或者an。e.g. Learning English is never _ easy task to do.此处需要填入an.冠词部分是考生最容易忽视的一个点，因此要引起足够的重视。三、连词：连词题只能通过上下文的语义去解。高频考的连词有notbut, eitheror, neithernor.表转折的连词有but等。表让步的有though, although, even if, even though等。表条件的有if, unless, in case等。表原因的有because, since, for, in that, now that等。e.g.:来源：(/s/blog_5c7060780100eu09.html) - 2010年湖南高考新型题-语境语法填空题解题技巧_罗佳_新浪博客 _ it rained heavily, we decided to start out.首先可以判断出，此处要填连词。再根据上下文逻辑，此处应该是“尽管”。所以，我们填写Even though.四、动词题：1 根据动词的逻辑主语来解题。任何一个动词都要有动作的发出者，只要找到逻辑主语在文章中的重现词，再看与重现词所搭配的动作，基本上就是答案。e.g. The building is being_ now. And I was told the construction of it would last for over a year.此处首先判断出，空格应该填写动词，再找动词的动作发出者是the building。我们在下一句可以找到the building的重现词，即it,再看与it所搭配的动作为construction,所以在此处我们把construction改成其动词形式，即为construct,再加上时态和语态，所以答案为constructed.2 通过动词的逻辑宾语来解题。及物动词都要有动作承受者，只要找到逻辑宾语在文章中的重现词，再看与重现词所搭配的动作，基本上就是答案。e.g. I _ my job. So I had to find another one.此处首先判断出，空格应该填写动词，再找动词的动作承受者是my job。我们在下一句可以找到my job的重现词，即one,再看与one所搭配的动作为find,根据逻辑关系，我们应该要找到find的反义词，所以答案为lost.练一练：Adequate sleep can help _ peoples potential in goal setting and obtaining. However, lack of adequate sleep can block the maximization of their potential.Key: maximize3 注意与动词的固定搭配。动词会与副词、介词搭配。我们要根据原文中的副词或介词来选定前面的动词。e.g. The poor man was _ of all the money, so he had to walk home.此处先判断出空格填写动词。再根据语意思，他不得不走回家，那应该是他没钱了。再看此处有一个重要的介词of,我们就可以考虑得到rob这个词，因为rob somebody of something，所以答案为robbed4 以上两种方法是通过语意的角度去做题。除此之外，我们还要注意动词的语法。例如：该填及物还是不及物动词，动词后面是接的一个宾语还是双宾语或者是宾语加宾语补足语，所填的词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，这些都应该成为我们关注的点。五、名词题：1 通过名词的上下义词去做题。e.g. I like various _, like apples, bananas and so on.此处判断出来是填名词，再看apples, bananas的上义词就是fruits。所以此处最佳答案就是fruits.2 通过名词的修饰成分，尤其是定语从句和同位语从句去做题。e.g. She needed a _ with which she could write.此处判断出来是填名词，再看定语从句，用来写字的东西，最容易想到的就是pen。所以此处最佳答案就是pen。六、形容词题：注意形容词修饰的名词。在原文中可以找与名词相关的一些信息，此处该填的形容词应该是对名词相关信息的重现或总结。e.g. He lost his eyesight when he was three years old. The _ man received a lot of encouraging letters from people all over the world.根据第一句，他失去了视力，判断，这是一个盲人。所以此处填blind.注：很多考生喜欢在这填poor，意为“可怜的”。尽管从语意和语境上都合适，但绝对不是最佳答案，最佳答案应该是对原文中的意思进行完全同义改写过来所得到的单词。从逻辑上讲，“失去视力的人，就是盲人”。这是词义逻辑上最完美的组合。七、副词题：1 表达逻辑关系的副词，经常出现在句首，我们只需要通过上下两句的逻辑关系就可以确定所填词。表转折的副词有however等; 表因果的副词有thus等; 表递进的副词有moreover, furthermore等。e.g. Mr. Wang sings very well, _ winning a lot of respect among the students.首先可以判断此空需要填副词，再根据上下文逻辑关系，应该是因果，所以填写thus。2 用来修饰动词的副词，是表示动词的方式的。我们只需要看这个动作本身在文中还有哪些相关描述或信息，就选择能够概括这个描述的副词表动词的方式就行了。e.g. He walked in the room _ without anybody noticing him.根据动作产生的结果是“没人注意到他”，所以他应该是以“安静地”方式走进来的，所以此处可以填写silently或者quietly。3 用来修饰形容词和副词的副词，是用来表示被修饰词的程度的。所以我们只需要在文中找被修饰词的程度描述，然后填入表示这个程度的副词就行了。e.g. Jim often failed to pass English exams, but John was _ better, who always got full marks.我们看到，John经常拿满分，得知，John比Jim好得多。所以用来修饰比较级的词表示“。得多”，答案为much.4与动词搭配的副词短语，同学们就要多注意背动词短语，主要通过上下文来做。e.g. The meeting scheduled this week was put _ until next week.此处，很显然根据语意和搭配，都应该填副词off.八、介词题：介词题主要是考