限制性定语从句(初中生用-关系代词的用法).doc

学习-定语从句 在学习句子做定语之前，我们先来复习一下介词短语或者其它短语做定语请翻译下列句子.1.A man with a bag stole my purse .2.The woman in red is my aunt .3.The tree beside the river is an apple tree .4.The book on the table belongs to me .5.I dont like the girl with a sunglasses .6.This is the book that I want .The pen that you bought yesterday is very expensive .8.The woman who lost her son is crying .9.The student whose book was missing is unhappy 10.The people all over the world know the Great Wall .关于定语从句：定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，翻译成“的”，通常位于名词或代词后面被修饰的名词,词组或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。第一个要点关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which引导的定语从句关系代词代替前面的名词或代词，一定在定语从句中做主语或者宾语或者定语注意：1.由于关系代词已经代替了先行词，并在定语从句中做成分，定语从句中，不能再重复出现前面的先行词2.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。3. 先行词是人，并且在从句中做宾语时，可以用关系代词who/ that，也可以使用whom,其它情况不能使用whom.4.在定语从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略，做主语或定语时，不可以省略 一：当先行词是指人时，用who或者 that，在从句中可作主语、宾语等例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）二：当先行词是指物时，用which或者that，在从句中可作主语、宾语等例如：The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）三： Whose 用来指人或物，表所属关系.They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那个人的车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。重点难点：一，只用that的情况1.先行词有序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。.2.先行词既有人，又有物时,只用that。3.先行词是表物的不定代词时，只能用that.如：something/everything/anything/nothing/ few/ little/the one/any/much/all4.先行词前有不定代词few /little/ both/some/any/much/ all / the same /the last /the right/ the only/the very等修饰时，只用that。 5.在there be 句型中，先行词是表物时，只能用that.6当主句是以which或者who开头的特殊疑问句时.（避免重复）7有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个用that.8.关系代词在从句中做表语(无论先行词是人还是物).He is not the man that he used to be. 二，先行词表物时，只用which的情况1.介词前置,表物只能用which (表人只用whom) ，关系代词不可以省略。若介词后置，则可以用that，也可用which，而且可以省略2.引导非限制定语从句时3.先行词后有插入语时4.先行词本身是that时（避免重复）三，先行词为人时，只用who的情况1.当先行词是指人的不定代词，例如：he/she/someone/everyone/anyone/ no one /all/nobody/none/those/people时，只能用who.2. 在there be 句型中，先行词是表人时，只能用who.3.在被分隔的定语从句中，先行词为人时，只能用whoA new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.注意：在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.She is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.定语丛句练习题一：把下列句子连成一个含有定语从句的句子1. Where do you think he bought the suit ? He is wearing a suit .2. What do you call the man ? The man just came in .3. They found the knife .The knife belonged to MuffPotter .4. Muff is the man .The man killed the doctor .5. No one knew that there were two boys .The two boys saw the killing .6. I have read all the books .You gave me the books.7. I will never forget the day .On that day , I met my husband .8. I have lost my watch .I like my watch very much .9. The teacher is in the office .You are looking for the teacher .10.This is the place .I spent my sweet girlhood there二, 填空1.The girl is riding a red bike is my classmate .2.The story you told me yesterday was really interesting.3.I want to play the game you showed me last week.4.This is the most beautiful girl I have never seen before.5.Everything you have done is good for your study .6.There is nothing can make me sad.7.I want to show you the shop is the nearest from here .8.The young man is sitting beside Mr Liu is my brother .9.The woman bike was stolen decided to go there by bus.10. The sun gives off light and warmth， makes it possible for plants to grow.11. Who is the man has white hairs？三，选择题1. The bag on the chair is now missing . A. I put it B. that I put C. that I put it D. which I put it 2. This is the watch last Sunday . A. I bought that B. that I bought it C. which I bought D. I bought which3. Jim is one of the boys from England .A. who are B. who is C. that comes D. which come 4. That was all we had done .A. which B. who C. that D. whom5. He took a lot of pictures and videos of many things people had never seen before. A. so B. who C. and D. that6. Does the teacher know everybody planted the trees ?A. which B. whose C. where D. who 7.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. which B. where C. what D. in which8.This is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked9.Is there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose10.A new teacher will come tomorrow will teach you GermanA. who B. whos C. which D. that11. She is the person .A. that I talked B. which I talked C. who I talked of D. whose I talked 12.Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke13.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you tal