中考定语从句解题技巧(个人总结).doc

考点归纳十八：定语从句一、定语从句（一）：1.定语从句的概念： 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 位置：从关系词或横线后起到第二个谓语动词或be动词止。2.先行词： 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。（代词惯指人称代词与不定代词） 位置：紧靠关系词或横线前的名词或代词部分。3.关系词： 引导定语从句的连词叫关系词（分为关系代词与关系副词）。 关系代词有五个：that、which、who、whom、whose 关系副词有三个：where、when等。4. 关系代词的用法 1）that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语) The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语) 2）which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语) 3）who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语（可省略）。例如: The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语) Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语) 4） whose在定语从句中作定语，既可用于人也可用于物时，即人物通指。 用法：当先行词是名词，定语从句中的主语也是名词，而且两名词间存在所属关系时， 不论先行词是人还是物，都用关系代词whose。（n.）_ (n.) 此名词所属于先行词( n.) 时，用关系代词whose.例如：The woman whose hair is long is my mother. The book whose cover is green is mine.定语从句解题思路与关系词确定步骤：定语从句的引导词的确定可以概括为：“三找两定一证”。 “三找”：找先行词找定语从句找定语从句的谓语动词或be动词； “两定”：以谓语动词与be动词为基准，看定语从句是否缺主语（谓语动词或be 动词的左边）还是缺宾语（谓语动词的右边）； 1）如果定语从句从句缺主语或宾语，则判定用关系代词，再根据先行词指人或物确定正确的关系代词（that,which,who, whom）。 2）如果定语从句的谓语动词或be动词两边都不缺成分，则判定用关系副词，再根据先行词是时间，地点或原因确定正确的关系副词(when,where,why)。注意： 3）虽然有时定语从句的谓语动词或be动词两边都不缺成分,但当先行词是名词，定语从句中的主语也是名词，而且两名词间存在所属关系时， 不论先行词是人还是物，都判定用关系代词whose。 “一证”：把定语从句还原成独立的句子，验证其句子结构的完整性。表格总结：关系代词的用法。关系代词指代在定语从句中的作用that既指人也指物作主语、宾语which指物作主语、宾语who指人作主语whom指人作宾语whose既指人也指物作定语 5.关系副词的用法 (1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如: This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。 (2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如: This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。 (3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如: Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。 二、定语从句（二）1.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用that不用which。1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。There is nothing _ I can do for you .2).当先行词被the only、the very 、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时，只能用that。This is the very book _ Im looking for .3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that 。This is the first textbook _ I studied in the middle school .4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。This is the most beautiful mountain _ I have ever seen .=I have _ seen _ a beautiful mountain .5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that 。He told us many interesting things and persons _ we had .2.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用which不用that。1).关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which 。This is the building in _ he lives .2).先行词本身是that时，关系词只能用which 。The clock is that _ tells the time .3).引导非限定性的定语从句（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开），关系词用which。His book , _ was lost last week , has been found now.3.先行词是人时，一般情况下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情况下，只能用who。1).当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时，一般用who 。Those _ are singing are all my classmates .2).在there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用who。指物时用that。There is a girl _ expects to see you .3).当先行词是I、you、he、they等时，只能用who 。He _ plays with fire gets burned .三、定语从句（三）。 由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句。where = in / at +which when = in / on / at +which why = for + which 1.由where引导的定语从句。1).先行词是表示地点的名词 2).在定语从句中作地点状语Is this the house _ you lived ?= Is this the house _ _ you lived ?= Is this the house _ you lived in ?2.由when引导的定语从句。1).先行词是表示时间的名词 2).在定语从句中作时间状语I will never forget the days _ I met him .= I will never forget the days _ _ I met him.注：先行词是the last time 时，when 可省略。When was the last time you saw the parrot ?3.由why引导的定语从句。 1)先行词为reason 时，一般用why 2) why在句中作原因状语。We dont know the reason _ they didnt come .四、注意事项：1.关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略。The story _ he told was very popular .A.who B.whom C.whose D. / 2.that、who、which在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。I loves singers who _(write) their own songs .She is one of the girls who _(study) hard .3.在定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的人称代词。Will you please show me the book _ yesterday?A. which you bought B. that you bought it C. you bought D. you bought it 4.定语从句中whose 的确定： 无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语用whose。判断：看定语从句的主语前有无限定词（my、your、Jims等），若没有，则用whose 。The girl _ parents work in Beijing is Kate .A. who B. whose C. which D. that I know the boy . His handwriting is very good .= I know the boy _ handwriting is very good.五、定语从句的简化 把定语从句简化为形容词短语、过去分词短语、介词短语、现在分词短语。1.She received a box which was full of presents . She received a box _ _ presents .2.He likes reading books that was writte