英语四级知识点.doc

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(使)加速，增速【例】accelerate the rate of economic growth 加速经济增长【派】acceleration n. 加速 accelerating a.加速的2 account n. 账户、考虑【考】take sth. into account 把考虑在 7 affluent a.富裕的【派】affluence n.富裕8 annoy vt.使烦恼, 使恼怒【派】annoying a. 令人恼人的; annoyance n. 烦恼;annoyed a.颇为生气的 9 ascribe vt.把归咎于【考】ascribe.to 归因于10 assess vt.评估【派】assessment n. 评估11 assign vt.指派，选派;分配，布置(作业)【派】assignment 作业12 assume vt.假象、假定 13 attain vt.获得【考】attain ones ideal 达到理想14 attribute vt. 把归因于 【考】attribute sth. to 把.归咎于15 attribute vt.归咎于 【考】be attributed to attribute sth. to 16 automatically ad. 自动地 17 boost vt.提高，推动，使增长 n. 推动，增长【例】boost the economy 推动经济增长 【派】booster n.支持者，推动器18 brilliant a.光辉的、辉煌的 【派】brilliance n.19 collaborate vi.合作【考】collaborate with. sb. 20 comprehensive a. 综合的21 conscious a. 有意识的 【考】be conscious of sth. 对 有意识22 conserve vt.保存、节省【考】conserve energy 保护能源23 considerate a. 考虑周到的24 contribute vt.贡献【考】contribute to 导致、带来、为贡献25 convenient a.方便的 n.convenience 方便 26 convey vt.传达27 cooperate vt.合作【考】cooperative a.合作的28 coordinate vt.合作 29 cultivate vt.培养30 derive vt. 出自、源于【考】derive from 31 despair vi.绝望; n. 绝望【考】despair of 绝望; sb. be in despair 某人处于绝望中32 disapprove vt. 不批准、不赞同【派】disapproval n. 不赞同express strong disapproval33 dismiss vt.撤销、免职【考】be dismissed by ones company 被公司解雇34 distinguish vt.辨别【派】distinguished a. 突出的35 distribute vt.分配、分发【考】distribution n.分配、分发36 dominate vt. 支配、统治【考】male-dominated society 男性主导社会37 embarrass vt.使窘迫, 使尴尬;【派】embarrassed a.(某人)尴尬的; embarrassment n. 沮丧 embarrassing a. (某事)令人尴尬的 38 employ vt. 雇佣;使用【考】in the employ of 受雇于【派】employer n. 雇主;employee n.雇员 employment n. 雇佣, 工作 unemployment n. 失业 39 engage vt. 从事、订婚【考】be engaged in sth. 从事40 enhance vt.加强41 enroll vt.注册、使入会【派】enrollment42 evacuate vt. 撤走、疏散43 evaluate vt.评价、估计【派】evaluation n.44 evaluate vt.评价、估计45 excessive a.过度的46 frustrate vt.使沮丧, 使灰心【派】frustration n. 挫折; frustrating a. 令人沮丧的47 genetic a.遗传的48 guarantee vt. 保证49 identify vt.鉴别、验明【考】identify theft 辨别偷窃 50 immigrate vt. 移民【派】immigrant n.移民immigration51 implement vt.实施【派】implementation n.52 incline vi.倾向【考】be inclined to do sth. 倾向于做某事 53 inferior a.下级的、下等的【考】be inferior to 比低级54 injure vt. 受伤【派】injured a.受伤的; injury n. 受伤55 inquire vi. 询问56 instinct n.本能、直觉【考】human instinct 人类本能57 integrate vt. 使结合、使一体化【派】integral a.一体的;integration n.一体【考】as an integral whole 作为一个整体global economic integration 全球经济一体化58 internship n.实习59 inverse a.倒转的、反转的60 justify vt.证明是正当的61 launch vt. 发射、开展【考】launch the spacecraft 发射飞船launch a movement 发起一项运动 62 negative a.消极的63 notify vt.通知、告诉 【派】notification n.64 obligation n. 责任、义务【考】legal obligation 法律责任65 obstacle n.障碍66 optimistic a. 乐观的【考】be optimistic about sth.对很乐观67 originate vt.由产生【考】originate from 由产生68 overcome vt.战胜, 克服【例】overcome difficulties 克服困难69 phenomenon n.现象70 positive a.积极的71 potential a.潜在的【考】potential customer 潜在客户72 preferable a. 更好的73 prevail vt.压倒、胜过【派】prevailling a. 流行的74 priority n. 优先【考】sth. is the top priority 优先考虑75 proceed vi.进行、着手76 prompt vt.刺激、推动【考】prompt sb. to do sth.77 proportion n.比例【派】proportional a.相应的、成比例的78 pursue vt. 追求【派】pursuit n. 追求【考】pursue ones dream79 qualify vt. (使)胜任，(使)具有资格【考】qualify for sth. 使具有的资格【派】qualification n.资格，条件;qualified a.有资格的80 recommend vt.推荐81 reference n.参考82 remind vt.提醒某人注意【考】be reminded of sth. 83 relevant a. 有关的，切题的【考】be relevant to 与有关【派】relevance n. 有关，相关;irrelevant a. 不相关的;不切题的84 restore vt. 恢复、修复【考】restore reputation 恢复名誉85 restrain vt.遏制【考】be restrained to do sth.86 resume n.简历87 reverse vt.颠倒、反转88 sacrifice vt.牺牲 89 starvation n.饿死90 submit vt. 提交【考】submit sth. to sb. 把提交给某人91 subsidy n.津贴、补助【考】provide subsidy for sb. 为提供津贴92 superior a.高级的、高等的【考】be superior to 比高级93 survive vt.幸免于【考】survive sth. 从中幸免94 transmit vt. 传播95 tropical a.热带的96 undertake vt. 承担，着手做;保证，同意【考】undertake sth. 从事【派】undertaking n.事业，任务97 vanish vi. 消失98 victim n. 受害者99 visible a.可看见的100 vision vt. 视力、眼光1. It was essential that _(我们在月底前签订合同).2. _(家庭人口多好还是人口少好)is a very popular topic，which is often talked about not only by city residents but by farmers as well.3. We must _(用一切可能的办法来帮助他们).4. We _(尽情地吃了一顿)at the new restaurant last Friday.5. To most of the travelers，_(衣、食、住、行)are all important elements1. We sign the contract by the end of the month解析：当表示愿望，要求，命令等含义的形容词如 advisable，appropriate，better，best，desirable，essential，fitting， imperative，important，impossible，incredible，insistent，natural，necessary， obligatory，preferable，proper，ridiculous，strange，surprising，urgent，vital 出现在形式主语句中时，从句要用虚拟语气。"签订合同"英语固定说法是sign the contract。"在月底前"要用by the end of，而不是at the end of。2. Whether a large family is good or not解析：如果按照中文顺序逐一翻译就会得出译文Whether a large family is good thing or a small family is a good thing，这并没有语法错误，但不符合英语表达习惯。"家庭人口多好还是少好"可以理解为：家庭人口多是好事?还是坏事?所以这里我们可以采用反译法，将"还是人口少好"转移为汉语意思为"(人口多是好)还是不好"的英文表达-or not，使译文简洁明了，避免罗嗦。3. help them in every way possible解析：本题最有可能出现的译文是：use very possible way to help them。这样译文不能说错，但不是最间接、最好的翻译。英语里，通常把方式状语放在谓语部分之后，所以可得出译文：help them in every possible way。原句"可能"出现在被修饰语"办法"之前。根据英文习惯，"可能"的对应词possible应该放在所修饰的中心词way之后，所以有了最终译文：help them in every way possible。4. ate to our hearts content解析：本题让考生们困扰的是如何翻译"一顿"这个量词。其实，"一顿"是汉语特有的量词表达，是对"吃"这个动作的补充说明。"在那家新餐馆吃"就暗含了"吃了一顿"的含义。英语里没有"一顿"的对应词。一般来说，可以不译，不影响全句意思的表达。"尽情地"是个固定搭配，可译成：to ones hearts content或to the top of ones bent。5. food，clothing，shelter，and transportation解析：本题要求考生熟悉汉英习语在转移时的异同。有些汉语习语在转移成英语时不需要变换位置。如：日日夜夜(day and night);但也有一些需要改变前后顺序，如：新旧(old and new);水火(fire and water);田径(track and field);钢铁(iron and steel);贫富(rich and poor);血肉(flesh and blood)。请注意本题中哪些词语的英译改变了顺序1. _（我没有买到一张好票）for yesterdays movie.2. Its confirmed that _（铁路将延伸到我们村子）.3. The new manager of our company _（有很强的事业心）.4. When I walked past his house，_（我听见他在弹钢琴）.5. _（学生们应该从这里得出一条经验）：Dont be misled by false appearance1. I didnt buy a good seat解析：题中“好票”是一个干扰项，是典型的汉语表达。“没有买到一张好票”实际上是说“没有买到好座位”，因此不能译成I didnt buy a good ticket。2. the railway will be extended to our village解析：本题考查英语被动语态的翻译。虽然原中文句给出了主动语态，但在这里主动语态表示被动含义。因为铁路不可能自己延伸，延伸铁路的必定是人。再如：这个问题已经解决了。（The problem has been solved.）3. is a man of great enterprise解析：本题也有很强的干扰性。考生易译成has a strong heart of career，这种翻译看起来与中文对应，实际上不能被接受，而且完全背离了原文的意思。“很强的事业心”有自己固定说法：sb. of great enterprise，也可以说成：be self-motivated and result-oriented。4. I heard him playing the piano解析：本题是对基本知识点的考查。我们知道，感官的动词hear，see，watch等有两种接续形式：一个是后接现在分词，一个是后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。接现在分词表示动作正在进行中；接不带to的不定式表示动作已经完成。根据题意，应该选择第一种翻译。5. Students should draw a lesson here解析：本题意为：学生们应该从这里得出一条经验：不要被假象所迷惑。看到“经验”一词，大多考生会反应出experience，但根据全句意思可知，“经验”两字在这里并不是指取得成功之后所积累的经验，而是指从错误和失败中得出的教训。Lesson表示教训、惩戒、训诫等，在译文中能准确传递原文的内涵。1. _ （随着工商业的发展）,the number of trees in many big cities has dramatically reduced.2. Travel can widen our knowledge, _ （扩大我们的眼界）,and make one open-minded as well.3. Cars are responsible for most of the smog in cities, _ （这已经对环境造成了严重的污染）.4.Modernization will be entirely possible in the first half of the 21st century, as long as we _（坚持认为）that economic development is the center of all our work.5. He was convinced on the basis of _（当时已出现的情况）that there would be a long and difficult struggle.1. With industries and business developing quickly本句意为：随着工商业的发展，许多大城市的树木数量正急剧减少。“随着”要用介词with或along with。“工商业”既包括工业也包括商业，翻译时要注意译文的完整性。本句也可译成：With the quick development of industries and business.2. broaden our horizon句中的短语widen our knowledge意思是“扩大我们的眼界”，make one open-minded是同义复指，它们表示相同的意思却在英语里使用不同的表达，以避免用词重复。这是英语行文的一个技巧，考生在翻译时应尽量避免wordiness（用词累赘），这个技巧在写六级作文时也值得借鉴。本句还可以译成：expand our vision或extend our sight.3. which has seriously polluted the environment“这已经对环境造成了严重的污染”中的“这”显然是指前半句提到的the smog in cities，这里需要的是一个非限制性定语从句，补充说明城市烟雾对环境的影响。本句还可以译成：which has brought serious pollution to the environment。4. hold an idea/ insist on the idea/ stick to the idea本句意为：只要我们坚持以经济建设为中心，那么在21世纪上半叶实现现代化是完全可能的。本题考查固定短语“坚持认为”的说法。除了答案提供的说法外还有以下说法大家可以参考：persist in the idea/ persevere in the idea/ adhere to the idea等。5. what had appeared by then“情况”在这里没必要直译成situation或case，本句含义是指基于当时的情况使他确信，因而可以用what引导作basis后置定语。还有一点需要注意的是，“当时已出现”要求我们在翻译时准确选择时态。by then与过去完成时态想一致，也可以用at that time。1. It is + 形容词 + that【例句】_(可想而知)that knowledge plays an important role in our life.【答案】It is conceivable2. It is+形容词+to do/ doing【例句】She had said what _(一切有必要说的话).【答案】it was necessary to say3. 倍数词+ more +名词形容词+than【例句】Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills _(比死于车祸的人多七倍) each year.【答案】seven times more people than automobile accidents4.（not）as/ so as 和（不）一样【例句】The environmental problems _(没有他们在报告中说得那么严重).【答案】are not as serious as they suggested in their report5. no morethan 与一样不【例句】She _(也同样不宜当经理) a schoolgirl would be.【答案】is no more fit to be a manager than6. Nothing is morethan 没有比更的；是最的【例句】_(没有比更重要) to receive education.【答案】Nothing is more important than7. 感官动词+of+名词【例句】They hurriedly escaped into _(充满恐怖气氛的山洞).【答案】a cave that smelt of terror8. without/ not so much as 甚至没有【例句】Disappointed with her husband，Mary left home _(甚至都没有回头看他一眼).【答案】without so much as looking back at him9. only to find/ see 结果却；没想到会【例句】He spent almost all his money to buy the hen which was said to be able to lay gold eggs, _(没想到这只鸡根本不会下蛋).【答案】only to find it could not lay eggs at all10. It is undoubted that/ There is no doubt that 毫无疑问，【例句】_(毫无疑问) war can be avoided if we get down to peace talk.【答案】There is no doubt that11. rather than 而不是【例句】_(与其追求金钱的享乐)，we should focus on the improvement of ourselves. 答案】Rather than pursue money to achieve happiness12.（The）chances are that 很可能【例句】_(她很可能已经知道了), and there is no need for us to keep the secret.【答案】Chances are that she has already known it13. It occurred to sb. that 突然想到【例句】_(玛丽从来没有想到)she would become a princess someday.【答案】It had never occurred to Marry14. not but 不是而是【例句】To our disappointment, _(这个计划带来的不是进步而是破坏).【答案】the plan caused not development but destruction15. When it comes to 提及，当提到的时候【例句】_(谈到物理学), I know nothing.【答案】When it comes to physics16. be not much of a 是个不太好的【例句】_(麦克不是个好老师) for he often skips from one subject to another.【答案】Mike is not much of a teacher1. Keep up with2. Catch up with3. Come up with 提出4. End up with 以告终5. Put up with 忍受6. Make up for 补偿/填补7. Live up to 不辜负8. Turn up 出现9. Turn down 减少、拒绝10. Turn over 翻转11. Turn in 上缴12. Have access to sth13. Be used to doing sth14. Look forward to doing sth/sth15. Get down to sth.16. Lead to/contribute to/attribute to 17. Be superior to18. Be inferior to 19. Be senior to 20. Be junior to21. Prior to sth. 22. Range from to23. Be busy in24. Be busy doing sth25. Cant help doing26. Feel like doing27. Have a good time (in )28. Have difficulty( trouble) (in)29. Spend /waste time(in)30. Its no use doing sth 31. Theres no point in32. In the way/by the way/ in no way 33. Its the first/second time that34. Catch sb doing sth 35. Call off=cancel36. Have an influence on sth/sb37. Impose sth on sb.38. But for sth. 39. Risk doing sth.40. Escape doing sth.41. Accuse sb of sth. 42. Charge sb with sth.43. Be innocent of sth. 44. Be alert to sth 45. play a role/part in sth./doing sth46. be worth doing sth 47. be worthy of doing sth48. keep/lose contact with sb.49. be second to none(首)50. not to speak of/not to mention/let alone+名词/代词/动名词51. delay/ mind/ admit/ avoid/ anticipate/ consider/ contemplate/deny/ dislike/ fancy/ finish/ involve/ permit/ practice/ quit/ risk+doing52. adapt oneself to 53. have no objection to doing sth.54. be/get used to doing 55. confess to56. contribute to57. devote to 58. object to 59. be opposed to60. resort to 61. stick to 62. take to63. turn out 生产/证明是64. a sheet of paper65. throw/cast light on 使明白/阐明66. response/ reply/ key/ attitude/ approach/ answer/ introduction/access /exposure /objection+to 67. interfere in干涉68. interfere with妨碍69. What if? 陈述语序70. be accustomed to/71. adhere to72. abide by73. cooperate with74. conform to 75. dispose of 76. apology to sb for sth.77. be thankful to/be grateful to sb78. restrain/ keep/ prevent /restrict /stop /protect /prohibit sb from sth/doing sth79. specialize in sth/doing sth.81. acquaint sb with sth.82. familiarize sb with sth. 83. correspond to sth84. correspond with sb. 85. congratulate sb on sth 86. dependence/dependant on sth87. be independent of sth. 88. participate in sth 89. be bound to90. cure sb of sth 91. be of importance /significance/ value/92. beyond reach/power 93. be lacking in94. be beneficial/ advantageous to sb.95. be attached to sth 96. be assigned to97. find fault with sb98. in memory of sb.99. be absorbed in sth/doing sth 100. be abundant in sth 101. take sth into account /consideration102. relate sth to sb.103. remark on sth 104. none other than105. so much as that106. Could have done107. Must have done 108. Should have done109. Never/ seldom/ rarely/ hardly/ barely/ scarcely/ little/few位于句首引起主谓部分倒装。110. Lest/ in case/unless /suppose /as if/for fear that/on condi