商法导论复习提纲PPT课件.ppt

复习提纲 1 Whatisacrime Acrimeisbehaviourwhichisregardedassoreprehensibleandwhich consequently threatensorunderminesthesecurityofsociety 犯罪是一种威胁和破坏社会安全的应该受到责罚的行为 2 CriminalbehaviouroughttobepunishedbytheStatebytheimpositionofaprisonsentenceorfineorothersanctiononthepersonwhoisconvictedofacrime 犯罪行为应该被惩罚 应由国家对犯罪的人施以监禁 罚金或者其他的惩罚 3 Criminalbehavior Criminalconduct murder 谋杀罪 manslaughter 过失杀人罪 treason 叛国罪 assault 侵犯人身罪 rape 强奸 fire raising 纵火罪 piracy 海盗行为 vandalism 肆意破坏公物罪 robbery 抢劫 theft 盗窃罪 fraud 诈骗 abuse 虐待罪 Supplyingillegaldrugs 提供毒品罪 house breaking 非法侵入住宅罪 4 Civildispute 民事纠纷 1 Employmentlawdisputes 劳动纠纷 unfairorwrongfuldismissalclaims unlawfuldiscriminationcasesinvolvingundeductionsfromwages 2 Familylawdisputes 家庭法纠纷 custodyoradoptionofchildren 5 3 Divorceorseparationactions4 Contractualdispute5 Defamation 诽谤 ofcharacter 6 Landdisputes7 Successiondisputes wills 8 Trusts9 Personalinjuryclaims 6 DifferencesbetweencivillawandcriminallawinScotland CriminallawisprimarilyusedbytheStateasameansofmaintaininglawandorderbypunishingcertainindividualswhoindulgeinbehaviourwhichisregardedascriminalandanti social TheStateusesthecriminallawtopunishcriminalsonbehalfofthecommunityorsociety 7 Theciviljusticesystem incontrastwithcriminallaw aimstoresolvelegaldisputesbetweenprivateindividualsinareasaswide rangingasfamilylaw companylaw partnershiplaw bankingandfinancelaw saleofgoodsandservices cosumerlaw personalinjuryclaims trusts defamationactions successionissuesanddivorce 列举几个即可 8 Differentcourts standardsofproofandproceduresexistdependingonwhetherwearetalkingaboutacriminalactionoracivildispute 9 ThemainsourcesofmodernScotsLaw 现代苏格兰法的主要渊源 10 1 StatutorySourcesofLaw 法律的成文法渊源 a ActsofParliament 国会法案 b DelegatedLegislation 授权立法 c EuropeanUnionLaw 欧盟法 11 2 CommonLawSources 普通法渊源 a JudicialPrecedent 判例法 b Custom 习惯法 c Equity 衡平法 d InstitutionalWritings 经典法律著述 12 Superiorlegislativebody theWestminsterParliamentortheScottishParliament Answer theWestminsterParliament theUKparliament 13 WHY UnlikethepreviousScottishParliamentwhichwasabolishedbytheActofUnionin1707 thenewScottishParliamentisnotacompletelyindependentbody TheScottishParliamentisquiteclearlyaninferior 下级的 bodyincomparisontotheWestminsterParliament 与1707年联盟条例废除的前苏格兰议会不同 新的苏格兰议会不是一个完全独立的组织 与英国议会相比 很明显苏格兰议会只是一个下级组织 14 ItistheWestminsterParliamentfromwhichtheScottishParliamentderivesitsauthoritytopasslawsforScotland AnylegislationoftheScottishParliamentisconsideredtobesecondarylegislationnotprimarylegislation ItshouldalsoberecalledthatasimpleActoftheWestminsterParliamentisallthatitwouldtaketoabolishScotland sParliament 苏格兰议会制定在苏格兰实施的法律的权力来源于英国议会 所有由苏格兰议会通过的法律都被认为是二级法律而不是主体法例 此外应指出的是英国议会制定一个简单的条例就可以将废除苏格兰议会 15 Whatisastatute ActsofParliamentareoftenreferredtoasstatutelaw UntilthecreationoftheScottishParliament theWestminsterParliamentalonemadelawsforScotland However WestminsterParliamenthasgiventhescottishparliamentauthorityinmanydifferentareasofpolicytomakestatutelaw 议会法常常被称为statutelaw 在苏格兰议会出现之前 英国议会单独制定适用于苏格兰的法律 不过英国议会授予了苏格兰议会在不同的法律领域制定法律的权力 16 Actsofparliament TheLicensing Scotland Act1975TheDivorce Scotland Act1976AbolitionofPoindingsandWarrantSalesAct2001DogFouling Scotland Act2003TheHealthandSatefyatWorkAct1974SaleofGoodsAct1979EmploymentRightsAct1996ProtectionofChildren Scotland Act2003 17 TheinstitutionsofEU 欧盟的组织机构 TheEuropeanCouncil 欧洲理事会 TheEuropeanParliament 欧洲议会 TheEuropeanCourtofJustice 欧洲法院 TheEuropeanCommission 欧盟委员会 thefourmajorinstitutions 18 Institutionshavelaw makingpowers TheEuropeanCouncil 欧洲理事会 TheEuropeanParliament 欧洲议会 19 ThePrimacyofEULaw欧盟法律的至上性 theprimacyofEULaw referstothefactthatshouldtherebeaconflictbetweenaEuropeanUnionlegalruleorprovisionandScotslaw aScottishCourtwouldbeobligatedtoimplementtheEuropeanprovisionattheexpenseofdomesticlaw 欧盟法的至上性 指如果欧盟的法律规定或者条款与苏格兰法出现冲突时 苏格兰法庭必须放弃国内法而适用欧盟条款 20 Reason TheEuropeanUnionisanorganizationoracluboftwenty sevenmemberstates Likemostorganisationsorclubs themembershavetoobeytherulesorlawsinordertoenjoythebenefitsofmembership 欧盟是个组织或者说拥有27个成员国的社团 与其他组织和社团一样 成员国必须遵守规则才能够享受到成员利益 21 BritainhasbeenamemberoftheEuropeanUnionsince1stJanuary1973asaresultofthepassingoftheEuropeanCommunitiesAct1972bytheWestminsterParliament ItisthislegislationwhichrecognisesthesupremacyofEuropeanlawoverdomesticlaw 英国议会1973年1月1日通过了1972欧洲共同体法案 英国成为了欧盟的成员国 这部法案认可了欧盟法相对于国内法的优先性 22 BythetimeBritainbecameamermberoftheEuropeanUnionin1973 manyofthekeylawswerealreadyinplaceandBritainhadtoaccepttheseasthepriceofmembershipoftheEuropeanUnion If however BritaindecidedtowithdrawfrommembershipoftheEuropeanUnion thenationallawwouldonceagainreignsupreme 23 ExamplesofEuropeanUnionlegalrule Regulations 规章 Directives 指令 Decisions 决定 Recommendations 提议 Opinions 意见 24 ClassAssignment Whatismeantbythedoctrineofjudicialprecedent 司法判例学说是什么意思 25 Answer Thedoctrineofjudicialprcedentinvolvesaprocesswherebyjudgescandeveloparuleoflawbymakingadecisioninatestcase Atestcaseisoneinwhichclarificationofanimportantpointoflawissoughtandjudges afterlisteningtoopposinglegalarguments willhavetomakethedecisionastowhichviewofthelawiscorrect 26 Oncethisdecisionhasbeenmade futurejudgesandcourtswillbeexpectedtofollowthereasoninglaiddowninthetestcaseiftheyaredealingwithacasewhichraisessimilarlegalissues Itshouldbestressedthatnoteveryjudgecanmakeanew bindinglegalrule Theauthorityofthejudgeorthecourtwillhavetoconsideredhere 27 Ifthejudgeisrelativelyjuniore g aSherifforaJusticeofthePeace itisveryunlikelythehewillbeabletocreateanewruleoflaw If ontheotherhand therulingcamefromsuperiorcourts forexample