英语文体学 Chapter 1 The Concern of Stylistics.ppt

EnglishStylistics Introduction Introduction CourserequirementsFinalExam 80 Attendance 10 Assignment 10 Coursearrangements16weeks 16units 1unitperweek Introduction ThiscourseservesasanelementaryintroductiontothestudyofEnglishstyleforChineseEFLstudents Itplacesemphasisonpracticalanalysisaswellasthepresentationofvarioustheoriesinstylistics Byreadingthetextbook participatinginoraldiscussion andconductinglinguisticanalysis itishopedthestudentwillacquirethe semi instinctive senseofstyle Moreover bymeansofthisproblem solvingactivity thestudentwilllearntoexploittheirknowledgeforinterpretation This tosomeextent maycontributetotherealizationofageneralcapacitytouselanguageforcommunication Introduction Stylistics thestudyofstyle mayhelpusdevelopaconsistentmethodoflanguageanalysisandsolveproblemsofinterpretationbybringingintofocusthestylisticallysignificantfeaturesthatwemightotherwiseoverlook Stylisticsmayalsohelpspeeduptheprocessofacquisitionoftheabilitybyitssystematicdescriptionoflanguagevarietiesandbyitsemphasisonpracticalanalysis andthusfacilitateone ssensitivitytolanguagevariation Lastbutnottheleast stylisticanalysiscanenhanceourunderstandingofthewaysinwhichimpressions effectsandmeaningsarecommunicatedbylanguageinliteraryworks AChristmasTreeStarIfyouareAlovecompassionate Youwillwalkwithusthisyear Wefaceaglacialdistance whoarehereHuddldAtyourfeet W S Burford Nowwecansee Rainbowrainbowyoureatwofacedsortoffellowyoureawarpedcandybarandthesunusesyouasaweaponagainsttheshadowoftherainrainbowyourenotaselfmadechapatallyourejustacompoundofenemiesandtheonlyreasonanybodylikesyouisbecausewithoutyoutheydbenothing WilliamPeskett Andwewillsee Stylistics Linguistics LiteraryCriticism Language Literature Disciplines Subjects Introduction DefinitionofStylistics Stylisticsisanareaofstudywhichstraddlestwodisciplines literarycriticismandlinguistics Ittakesliterarydiscourse text asitsobjectofstudyanduselinguisticsasameanstothatend WangShouyuan Introduction StylisticsisabranchoflinguisticswhichappliesthetheoryandmethodologyofmodernlinguisticstothestudyofSTYLE Itstudiestheuseoflanguageinspecificcontextsandattemptstoaccountforthecharacteristicsthatmarkthelanguageuseofindividualsandsocialgroups QianYuan Introduction TwoImportantAssumptionsofStylistics 1 Literatureismadeoflanguage 2 Literatureisatypeofcommunicativediscourse TwoImportantAssumptionsofStylistics Literatureismadeoflanguage Linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage Linguisticsshouldinprinciplebemosthelpfultousinanalyzingandinterpretingliterarytexts TwoImportantAssumptionsofStylistics Literatureisatypeofcommunicativediscourse Literarytextsshouldbeaccountedfornotjustintra sententiallybutalsointer sententially notonlyintermsoflinguisticfactsandtheory butalsointermsofsociolinguisticfactsandtheory EnglishStylistics Chapter1TheConcernofStylistics Contents Language 2 AspectsoftheSpeechEvent 3 Style 5 LanguageVarietiesandFunction 4 Contents TheConcernofStylisticStudy 7 StylisticsandOtherSphereofStudy 8 1 1Stylistics Definition Adisciplinethatstudiesthewayinwhichlanguageisused thestylesoflanguageinuse Dict Longman thestudyofstyleinwrittenorspokenlanguageStyle theparticularwaysb useswordstoexpressideas tellstories etc Modernstylistics modernlinguistics applyconceptsandtechniquestothestudyofstylesoflanguageuse 2subdivisions Generalstylisticsvs LiterarystylisticsGeneralstylistics generalfeaturesofvarioustypesoflanguageuseLiterarystylistics uniquefeaturesofvariousliteraryworks 1 1Stylistics 1 1Stylistics Classification ModernStylisticsGeneralStylisticsLiteraryStylisticsVarietyFeaturesGenreFeaturesLiteraryTextStyle 1 1Stylistics GeneralstylisticsStylisticfeaturesofmainvarietiesoflanguage3functionalvarieties Fieldsofdiscourse differentsocialactivitiesTenorsofdiscourse differentrelationships formalvs informal Modesofdiscourse differentmediums spokenvs written 1 2Language Whatislanguage Linguists def 4 Saussure s Bloomfield s Chomsky s Halliday s asystemofinnaterules asocialsemioticorsocialactivity asystemofsigns aunifiedstructureoracollectionofhabits 1 2Language LanguageorALanguage 2 Speechacts speecheventAllutterances whetheraword asentence orseveralsentences canbethoughtofasgoal directedactions SuchactionsascarriedoutthroughlanguageareSpeechActs Socialactivitiesinwhichlanguage eitherspokenorwritten playsanimportantrolesuchasconversations discussion lecture etcareSpeechEvents 1 2Language Speecheventsaresequential transitory3 Text Message DiscourseTherecord whetherthroughmemory orcommittedintoatape orwrittendownonpaper orprintedinabook ofaspeechevent isknownasaText 语言学家分析文学作品 把作品当成文本 Text 文学批评家分析文学作品 把作品当成信息 Message 文体学家分析文学作品 把作品当成语篇 Discourse 1 2Language Speecheventsaresequential transitory3 Text Message DiscourseTextisverbalcommunication eitherspokenorwritten seenasamessagecodedinalinearpatternofsoundwaves orinalinearsequenceofvisiblemarksonpaper 1 3AspectsoftheSpeechEvent 3aspects p 4 5 Substantialaspect substance sound marksFormalaspect form meaningfulinternalpatternsSituational situation relevantextratextualcircumstance 1 3AspectsoftheSpeechEvent Itisthiscontextualrelationshipbetweenthesubstanceandformofaspeecheventontheonehandandthesituationinwhichitoccursontheother whichgiveswhatisnormallycalled meaning toutterance Inotherwords contextdeterminesmeaningoffeaturesinsituation 1 3AspectsoftheSpeechEvent e g Mybelovedgrandfatherhasjustpassedtohisheavenlyreward Mydeargrandfatherhasjustexpired Mygrandfatherhasjustpassedaway Mygrandfatherhasdied 1 4LanguageVarietiesandFunctions LanguageisalwaysusedinacontextSpeecheventsdifferindifferentsituations weoftenadjustourlanguageaccordingtothenatureofthecontextofthesituation 1 4LanguageVarietiesandFunctions Varietiesoflanguage differenttypesofalanguagee g old modernEng Br Am Eng BlackEng fem Eng legalEng scientificEng liturgicalEng advertisingEng fml infmlEng spoken writtenEng 1 4LanguageVarietiesandFunctions Functionsoflanguage variouscommunicativerolesIdeational ReferentialfunctionInterpersonal Expressive SocialfunctionTextualfunction 1 4LanguageVarietiesandFunctions Ideational ReferentialFunction 概念功能 servesforexpressingthespeaker s writer sexperienceoftherealworld includingtheinnerworldofhis herownconsciousness conveyreality 1 4LanguageVarietiesandFunctions Interpersonal Expressional SocialFunction 人际功能 severstoestablishandmaintainsocialrelations fortheexpressionofsocialroles andalsoforgettingthingsdonebymeansofinteractionbetweenonepersonandanotherfitsituation 1 4LanguageVarietiesandFunctions TextualFunction 语篇功能 providesmeansformakinglinkswithinthetextitselfandwithfeaturesofitsimmediatesituationwellconstructed 1 4LanguageVarietiesandFunctions InterrelatedRelationbet types functionsDifferenttypesoflanguage predominantfunctionse g advertisingwithpersuasion TVcommentarywithinformation addresstermswithsocialroles 1 5Style Definitions 4 p 7 Aperson sdistinctivelanguagehabitsAsetofcollectivecharacteristicsoflanguageusebyagroupofpeopleTheeffectivenessofamodeofexpression good refinedstyleAcharacteristicof good or beautiful literarywritings literarycritics 1 5Style FinalDefinition Thevariouscharacteristicusesoflanguagethatapersonorgroupofpersonsmakeinvarioussocialcontext 1 5Style Style parolebySaussure langueLangue thesystemofrulescommontospeakersofaparticularlanguage suchasEnglish i e thegeneralmassoflinguisticfeaturescommontoalanguageasusedoneveryconceivableoccasionParole theparticularusesofthissystem orselectionsfromthissystem thatapersonorgroupofpersonswillmakeonoccasions 1 5Style Linguisticchoicesaremeaning solinguisticchoicesarestylisticchoicesStylisticchoices linguisticchoicesofrenderingthesamesubjectmatter the synonymousexpressions intransmittingthesame message Style acoherent consistentpatternofchoices frequencyoffeatures 1 6TheStudyofStyle Historicaldevelopment p 9 LonghistoryinwesterncountriesTill19thcentury artofwriting evaluationofliteraryworks hi