外研版八年级英语上册同步指导及练习(Module1-Module).doc

Module 1 Learning Methods一. 教学重、难点：1. 熟练了解与运用本模块的词汇；2. 学习了解一些学习英语的方法，帮助学生养成良好的英语学习习惯；3. 了解记忆类型，并学会科学的记忆方法。二. 词和短语：（一）本模块是围绕学习英语的方法展开的,现将有关与此的短语或句子总结如下：Learning methods 学习方法（How to improve your English） 如何提高你的英语。1. watch TV programmes on CCTV 9.看中央9上的电视节目。2. read English newspapers and magazines.看英语报纸和杂志。3. watch English films on DVDs or videos通过 DVD 或录像看英语电影。4. talk to foreigners与外国人交谈。5. talk to each other in English用英语彼此交谈。6. listen to English radio programmes =listen to English pogrammes on the radio收听英语广播节目。7. learn English on the Internet / the computer在互联网电脑上/学习英语。8. sing English songs唱英语歌9. write notes from the textbook从课本中写一些笔记（二）其他短语：1. a good way to improve your English提高英语的好方法2. excellent idea 好主意3. at the weekend在周末4. afford to have them买得起它们5. save up money 攒钱6. play some sports做一些运动7. do some grammar exercises做一些语法练习8. the correct way to study English学习英语的正确方法.9. get good results 得到好分数10. to do this 为了做到这个11. several types of memory几种记忆的类型12. in our brain 在我们的大脑中13. short- term memory短期记忆14. long term memory长期记忆15. write it down把它记下来16. the next day 第二天Well correct it and send it back to you the next day.17. in this case在这种情况下18. be useful for getting good results对得到好分数是有作用的19. repeat the information重复这个信息20. several times 几次21. after several weeks 几周后22. send an email through the Internet通过互联网发送一封电子邮件三. 重点句式的讲解与分析.1. Its good to talk to foreigners.与外国人交谈是有好处的。 句式 It is + adj. + for sb. / of sb. + to do = To do is + adj. + for sb.例如：It is dangerous for me to cross the street without looking at the traffic lights.不看交通灯过马路对我来说太危险了。思考还可以怎么样说?例如：It is very nice of you to help me.你真是太好了帮助了我。It is easy for me to work out the problem.对我来说算出这道题太容易了。辨析It is + adj for sb / of sb +to do 有什么区别.2. We can watch English films on DVDs or videos.我们可以通过DVD 碟片或录像看英文电影。watch English films 看英语电影扩展watch , see , look, notice和丰富多彩的汉语词汇一样，英语里表达相近意思的单词或短语也不少，比如“看”的内容不同，用的单词也不一样。请看下面几例：（1）see 意为“看到。看见”，表示视觉器官有意识或无意识地看到某物，它强调“看到”的结果。常和情态动词一起用.如：Can you see that boat on the lake？ 你看见湖里那只小船了吗？（2）look 意为“看”。表示有意识地，引起注意力地看，强调“看”的动作，但没有目标，look 不是及物动词，后面不能接宾语；有明确目标地看，应该用 look at，而且后面要接宾语。 如：Look, who is jumping over the wall? 看，谁在跳墙？Look at the map, please. 请看这张地图。（3）watch 意为“观察；注视”，指以较大的注意力观看,带有娱乐性的观赏之意。如：My mother likes watching TV. 我妈妈喜欢看电视。（4）notice 意为“看到，注意到”，也指有意识地注意，含有从不注意到注意的变化过程。如：There re many people in the room. Suddenly I noticed a man was always looking at others bags. 屋里有许多人，突然我注意到一个男人总是盯着别人的包。3. This is what our brain looks like. 这就是我们的大脑的样子。本句是一个表语从句，表语从句和主语指同一内容，它对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。如：Guilin is not what it used to be. 桂林已经不是从前那个样子了。That is where Lu Xun used to live. 那就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方。4. What else can you do? 你还能做什么别的事?扩展其他的,别的. other + ns others 剩余全部 the other +ns the othersOne the other. 一个另一个Someothers. 一些另一些Somethe others. 一些剩余全部彼此,互相 each other one anotherelse 位于特殊疑问词，不定代词之后试一试（1）Do you have any _ question?（2）I have something _ to ask.（3） What _ are you going to do?（4）In our class some are boys _ are girls.（5）We should learn from _. 5. In this case you have used your short term memory.在这种情况下，你已经使用了你的短期记忆。扩展case 场合 情形 情况如：In her case, its too serious. 就她的情况而言，很严重。You should help him to solve the problem in any case.无论如何，你都应该帮助他解决这个问题。case 事件 案件如：Its a small case.扩展 short term复合形容词复合形容词8类： （1） “n.+ v.pp” （名词与动词间含逻辑主谓关系）hand-made market-driven economy（2） “n+ v.ing”(名词与动词间含逻辑动宾关系) time-wasting（3） “adj./adv.+ v-ing” easy-going professor （4）“adj./adv.+ v-ed” new-born babies well-kept（5）“adj+ adj bitter-sweet memories 苦乐参半的回忆（6）“ n+ adj” sky-blue wall duty-free goods 免税的货物 meat-free（7）“adj+ n-ed” orange-colored dress absent-mined 心不在焉的（8）数词+名词单数 a five-year plan6. When your teacher tells you important information , make sure you listen and write it down. 当你的老师告诉你重要的信息时，要确保你听到并记下它。扩展 make sure （确保） + that + 从句式/ to do如：Pleases make sure to lock the door when you leave.当你离开时，请确保把门关上。Please make sure that you bring your homework to school tomorrow.请确保明天把作业带到学校来。be sure + to do 一定做到 be sure about / of sth. 对有把握如：Im sure to win in the end. 最后我一定能赢。Im sure about it. 我对这件事很有把握。【模拟试题】（答题时间：30分钟）一、根据句意填单词（首字母已给出）1. Can you tell me how to i_ my English ?2. In 2008, there will be many f_ coming to Beijing China.3. Some good cars are expensive so many people cant a_ to buy them4. We should read more English m_ and newspapers5. My parents are s_ up money to buy a beautiful house.6. Please close your eyes , lets i_ what our life will be like in the future?7. Although I have r_ it many times, he still hears nothing.8. Every student want to get good r_.9. If you want to remember the information for a long time , you should use the long-term m_.10. You can send us your homework t_ the Internet二、单项选择11 How many types of memory are there _ our brain?A. in B. at C. on D. with12 I wonder if she _ to the ball. She is sure to come if she _ time tonight.A. comes, has B. will come, will haveC. comes, will have D. will come, has13 After class, I like playing computer games and chatting_ my friends _ the InternetA. to, by B. with, on C. for , in D. about, through14 People like to see films on_ TV instead of going to _ cinema.A. the , the B. /, the C. the, / D. /,/15 Hurry up,_ well be late for the class.A. maybe B. may be C. and D. or三、阅读理解A student is learning to speak British English. He wants to know: Can I speak with American? Can they understand me? Learners of English often ask： What are the differences between British English and American English ? How important are these differences?Certainly , there are some differences between British and American English. There are a few differences in grammar. For example, speakers of British English say “ in hospital” and “ Have you a pen” Americans say “ in the hospital” and “ Do you have a pen?” Pronunciation is sometimes different . Americans usually sound the rs in words like “ bird” and “ hurt” . Speakers of British English do not sound the rs in these words. There are differences between British and American English in spelling and vocabulary. For example, “colour” and “honour” are British English. “ Color” and “honor” are American English. These differences in grammar, pronunciation, spelling and vocabulary are not important, however, for the most part, British and American English are the same language.16. According to this passage , a student who is learning to speak American English might be afraid that_.A. British people cant understand himB. American people cant understand himC. the grammar is too hard for himD. the spelling is too hard for him17. American English and British English are different in_.A. spelling B. pronunciation C. grammar D. all of the above18. What is not mentioned in the passage?A. Whether there are differences between British English and American English.B. Whether British and American English are one language or twoC. How the differences between British English and American English came aboutD. How important the differences are19. Most _ say “ Do you have a watch”.A. British people B. Americans C. children D. teachers20. According to the passage, British people and Americans have _ difficulty in understanding each other.A. little B. much C. some D. great四、完形填空We _21_ English , not learning about English. A student can _22_ all about English, but he _23_not be able to speak English. There is a _24_ between “learning English” and “learning about English”. If you _25_to learn it well, please _26_the following things. _27_, learn the expressions(表达) by heart , learn the _28_sentence, not single words. _29_ dont _30_ about mistakes. It is important _31_ a good habit from the very first lesson. Just try to say _32_you want to say and dont care _33_people laugh at you. Keep on _34_ and youll make _35_ mistakes.( )21. A. learning B. were learning C. are learning D. learn( )22. A. know B. tell C. say D. sing( )23. A. must B. may C. dare D. can ( )24. A. different B differences C difference D. differently ( )25. A. think B. want C. try D. can( )26. A. remember B. understand C. read D. write ( )27. A. In the end B. Most of all C. First of all ( )28. A. all B. this C. both D. whole( )29. A. at any time B. all the time C. at the same time D. at times( )30. A. carry B. worry C. hurry D. stop ( )31. A. to search B. to repeat C. to start D. to develop( )32. A. where B. why C. whom D. what ( )33. A. that B. if C. how D. what ( )34. A. standing B. trying C. putting D. teaching( )35. A. less and less B. more or less C. fewer and fewer【试题答案】1. improve 2. foreigners 3. afford 4. magazines 5. saving6. imagine 7. repeated 8. results 9. memory 10. through11. A 12. D 13. B 14. D 15. D 16. A 17. D 18. D 19. B 20.A 21. C 22.A 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. B31. D 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. CModule 2 Everyday English学习过程一. 教学重、难点1. 熟练准确地掌握本模块的“句型和短语”；2. 了解定语从句的结构及基本用法。二. 语法定语从句(Attributive Clauses) 在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的名词，名词词组或代词，我们称之为先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系代词(who. whom. that. which. whose)和关系副词(when. where. why)引导。He gave me a book. The book is an Chinese book.关系代词引导的定语从句：1. who指人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语；whose指人或物，是所有格，在定语从句中做定语；which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；that指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?The books that/which I am reading is very interesting. 我正在看的这本书非常有趣。2. 但在下列情况下必须用that, 而不能用which：1) 先行词为 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, none, the one 等不定代词时，例如：Say all (that) you know. 把你知道的全部讲出来。Is there anything (that) I can do for you now? 现在需要我为你做点什么吗?2) 先行词为数词或被序数词(还有 last )修饰时。例如：This is the first film (that) I have seen since I came here. 这是我到这里以来所看的第一部电影。The last place (that) they visited was the Summer Palace. 他们最后参观的地方是颐和园。3) 先行词被形容词的最高级或the very ,the only ,any ,few ,little ,no ,none of等词修饰时，例如：This is the biggest apple(that) I have ever eaten. 这是我所吃过的最大的苹果。Mary is the only friend (that) I have in Australia. 玛丽是我在澳大利亚的一位朋友。4) 先行词中既有人又有物时，例如：The enemy and his gun that we got were gone. 我们捕获的那个敌人和他的枪都不见了。3. 在使用定语从句时下列情况下不用that：1) 当关系代词做介词宾语时，若介词提前，要用whom(指人)或 which(指物)，而不用that。如： The CD to which you just listened is Liu Mings. 你刚才听的CD是刘明的。但是当介词位于后面时，仍可用that 或 who。如：The man that / who / whom John works with now is 现在和约翰一起工作的那个going to travel all over the world. 人打算周游世界。2) 在非限定性定语从句(即定语从句前面与先行词,后面与谓语用逗号分开时的情况)中一般不用that。如：The computer, which I bought last year, must be repaired. 这台电脑，是去年买的，必须得修了。三. 词和短语1. go to the park for a game of football 去公园踢场球2. pick up the ball 用手抓球3. score a goal 进球得分4. give me five 击掌 5. another time 另外的时间6. the number of people here 这儿的人的数量7. everyday与every day 的区别8. look for information on the internet 在互联网上搜索信息9. add the words to a new dictionary 把这些词加入新的字典里10. depend on 依赖于11. take out of the dictionary 从字典里删除12. explain to sb. about sth. 向某人解释某事13. look up the word in a dictionary 查字典14. the meaning of “Have a nice day”. “Have a nice day” 的意思15. leave out words from a sentence 从一句话中删除单词16. in a different way 用不同的方法（方式）17. look under “five” 在 “five” 下面查找18. get angry with 与某人生气 19. break the vase 打碎花瓶 20. have you stay in our house 邀请你们来我们的房子里21. learn a lot of English from you 向你学习很多英语22. all the time=always 一直，总是四. 重点句式的讲解与分析1. How are you doing? Fine. 你好吗/你近况如何？挺好的。How are you doing与How are you?同义，但更随意一些，可以用以下方式来回答：Im doing OK/great.我很好 Just so so 一般 Not too bad 还不错.2. What does cool mean? “cool”是什么意思?扩展mean v. meaning n.意义，意思。the meaning of什么意思。adj. 吝啬的 be mean to sb. 恶待某人思考此句我们还可以怎样说？Whats the meaning of cool? What do you mean by cool?3. I agree with Andy. 我同意安迪的意见。扩展agree 同意，赞同, 它的反义词是 disagree（1）agree with sb. sth. 如：He agrees with me. 他同意我的意见。（2）agree to +n.v.提议 propose 计划 plan 建议suggestion 等词。如：He agreed to our suggestion about the holiday.他同意我们度假的建议。He agreed to go with me. 他同意和我一起去。（3）agree +that(从句)如She agreed that I was right. 她认为我是对的。4. Languages are not deadthey are alive 语言不是死的，他们是有生命的。die, dead, death 都是“死”的意思，但它们的词性不同，作用不同，所以用法也不一样。扩展（1）death是名词，是“死，死亡”之意。例如：His friends death was a great shock to him. 他朋友的去世对他是很大的打击。（2）dead是形容词，“是死去的，已故的” 之意。I havent seen that kind old man. Im afraid hes dead.我已经好几年没有看见那位慈祥的老人了。恐怕他已去世了。the+ dead表示“死人”。如：The dead never revive. 人死不能复生。（3）die 是动词，其词形变化为（died, died, dying）表示“死；死亡”。例如：The old man died half a month ago. 那个老人半个月前去世了。die为非延续性动词，不能与时间段连用。例如：那个老人去世有半个月了。(误)： The old man has died for half a month.(正)： The old man has been dead for half a month.(正)： It is/has been half a month since the old man died(正)： The old man died half a month ago. 5. They then decide if they will add the words to a new dictionary, depending on how often the word is used by people.：add the words to a new dictionary 把单词加入新的字典中：depend on 依赖于=be dependant on=have dependence onWe shouldnt depend on our parents all the time，还可以这样说=We shouldnt be dependant on our parents all the time.：The word is used by people 这个单词被人们所使用。use除了“使用”之外，还有下列几个重要短语搭配：（1）used to do sth.过去常常做某事 如：We used to go to school together. 我们过去常常一起去上学。（2）used sth. to do 用某物做 如：Chinese like to use chopsticks to have meals.中国人喜欢使用筷子用餐。（3）be used to do sth. 被用于做某事如：A pen is used to write .钢笔是用来写字的。（4）be used for (doing)sth.被用于（做）某事如：Paper is used for writing on.纸是用来往上写字的。（5）be used to (doing) sth. 习惯（做）某事如：Im used to brushing my teeth twice a day.我习惯一天刷两次牙。used to do, get used to doing的区别He used to be a lawyer. 他过去是个律师。used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事 ”，言外之意就是现在已经不这么做了如：I used to be a very rich villager.We used to help him a lot when he first came here.注意：used to 构成疑问句时可借助于助动词did或直接将used移至主语之前，但后者不常用。Did you use to see each other?=Used you to see each other?注意：Used to 在构成否定时可借助于didnt,也可以直接在used后面加not构成，但后者不常用。She didnt use to live in the village.=She used not to live in the village.used to+名词或动词表示“习惯于某事或做某事”，这里的to是介词，后面的动词必须用-ing形式。Im really not used to such wet weather.连系动词get, become, grow, seem等可用来代替be,和used to连用，强调习惯逐渐形成的过程。Youll get used to that in time.注意：used to 和would 的区别would所表示的过去习惯性行为主要是同过去的另一个阶段的活动相比较，因此，如果没有具体的上下文说明，应加时间状语加以限定。used to主要是同现在相比较，说明过去是这样，而现在已经不是这样了，一般不加时间状语。When we met, he would just nod to me and go past.My brother used to be a PLA man.6.Sometimes we leave out words from a sentence.leave out删除 leave sb. by oneself 把某人独自留下leave for sp. 动身去某地 leave behind 落下如： （1）I left out the important point. 我删掉了重要的一点.（2）They left me out of the team. 他们没让我加入他们的队伍.7.Its quite difficult 它太难了。 fairly、quite、rather与pretty（1） fairly 还行，相当，语气最弱。The film is fairly good. 这部电影还行(勉强)He speaks English fairly well. 他的英语说得还可以。 (不是太好) （2） quite 相当,很 语气强于fairlyThe film is quite good. 这部电影很好看。(值得一看，有推荐之意)（3）rather 相当 语气最重 The film is rather good. 这部电影很好。(优于一般电影) It is rather hot (热得受不了)（4）pretty 相当口语中常用，一般不用于书面语中，与rather有同样的语气。注意： not quite “不完全是那样”表示部分否定 只有rather可以和比较级连用只有rather可以和too连用 quite和rather都可以在冠词前，也可以与动词连用，如quite a nice day, rather like sb.【模拟试题】（答题时间：45分钟）根据句意与首字母填写单词：1. Our team s_ two goals in the last football match.2. Dont k_ a ball in the street . It is too d_.3. Taiwan b_ to China from ancient times4. All living things d_ on the sun for their growth5. We have walked all day. Are you tired? A_.6. Everyday the e_ receives many letters from readers.7. When you come across the new word , you will look up it in a d_.8. When you a_ three to five , you will get eight.句型转换：9. He likes my shoes because they are in fashion.（同义句）He likes my shoes because they are _.10. What does the cool mean? （同义句）What do you_ _ _?What _ _ _ of cool?11. I think the young womans son needs operating.（反意疑问句）I think the young womans son needs operating,_ _?12. How do dictionary writers or editors decide which words to include in a dictionary? （同义句）How do dictionary