中考阅读与长难句.doc

细节题“能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息” 细节题1.细节题题型分类单一细节题（常出现于A,B篇）多处细节题 （常出现于C,D篇）Which of the following is (NOT) true according to the passage?2.细节题解题方法第一步：找词具体实词（名词，数字，人名）第二步：定位同义转述，反义转述，其他相关词3.细节题做题注意事项(1)数字题(2)题干中关键词在文中多次出现(3)题干与选项间句式主被动之间的转换Which food could be more popular among British adults, a hamburger or fish and chips? BA. A hamburger.B. Fish and chips. C. Both. D. Neither. George advises Alice to talk to _B_ for help.A. her mother B. her teacher C. Bobs teacherD. Bobs friendsWhen you cough or sneeze, youd better turn your head away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand. And then, you should say, “Excuse me.”51. When you cough or sneeze, you should _B_.A. touch everything B. cover your mouth C. point out to the kids D. pass the germs to othersIf you come to a door and someone is following you, hold the door. If the door opens by pulling, pull it open, stand to the side, and allow the other person to pass.52. If you come to a door and someone is following you, youd better _A_.A. hold the door B. pass through C. close the door D. stand to the sideB篇难度-天津Our government is working hard to save pandas. There are more than 30 nature reserves to protect pandas but these are not enough. The government has made a new plan to help pandas. The nature reserves will be bigger and the bamboo will grow better. Then the pandas will have enough food and enough places to live in. Pandas born in the zoos may go back to live in the nature reserves. Then the pandas will have enough food and enough places to live in. Pandas born in the zoos may go back to live in the nature reserves. 3. The government is trying _C_ to help the pandas. A. to build more zoos B. to send more scientists C. to make bigger nature reserves D. to ask the WWF to work in China Panda出现多次，不成为定位点C、D篇难度-北京中考Is the belief true? The scientists in Asia largely dismiss the belief as a modern-day superstition (迷信). The blood-type personality theory (理论) started in Japan in 1927.the idea that personality is related to ones ABO blood type Researchers concluded that as the belief in the stereotypes increases, people may be changing their personality to follow the blood-type theory.59. Which of the following is true according to the passage? AA. Most scientists in Asia dont believe in the theory.B. The blood-type theory began in Japan in the 1970s.C. The blood-type personality theory is about blood type.D. People dont change their personality to match the theory.C、D篇难度The little baby whaleactually as big as our boat. Slowly, they let us lead them, sometimes rising from the water right beside us to breatheand to give us a trusting look with those huge eyes They made great efforts to swim towards the deep sea but failed and started heading in the wrong direction. 56. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. The mother whale was as big as the boat.B. The mother whale trusted the writers fatherC. The mother whale asked the writers family for help.D. The mother whale led her baby to the sea successfully.Pilots from different countries understand body signals if they have the correct training. When you wave your arms up and down in a straight line, it means “yes”. When you point downwards and swing your arm from side to side, it means “no”. If you want the pilot to know that its safe to land, push your hands out in front of you and bend（弯曲）your knees. If you want to say that its not safe to land, put your arms in the air and move them to one side. 54 Which picture means “its not safe land”? put your arms in the air and move them to one side. 猜词题“能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义” 猜词题1.猜词题就词猜词，必死无疑一定要通过前后句，上下文。2.猜词题技巧(1)通过因果关系猜词because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, thereforeYou shouldnt have blamed him for that, for it wasnt his fault.(2)通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词同义词and, or反义词but, however, while, 与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother. (3)通过定义或释义关系来推测词义But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there is a dry period, or drought.2013年北京中考Its a lot easier to hold your ground with a stranger than with someone you love.But the more important the relationship is to youthan the moreimportant it is to be assertive.（坚定而自信的）54. The expression “hold your ground” probably means “_ “.A. reach an agreement.B. insist on your point.C. keep your words.D. keep on fighting.The following day I ask her how the test went and she just says “OK, I got a nine”.“Wow, well done!” I say, before she finishes with “But I never get a ten!”According to James, this obsession with getting top marks has been a bad development, which encourages people to think of education in terms of work and money. To test this, I asked my daughter why she was so worried about her tests. She looked at me as if I was thick. “Well, if I dont get good grades, I dont get into university. Then I probably wont get a good job and I wont be able to afford nice things like a car and stuff.”57. What does the word “obsession” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. A plain and unavoidable fact.B. A satisfied and very proud state.C. A potential and widely-used way.D. A fixed and often unreasonable idea.中考C篇Reading something difficult文章主旨内容Start to read normally until you run into a sentence that doesnt make sense to you.54. The underlined phrase” run into” means_A. work out（算出） B. comes across（遇到）C. look into（调查） D. pass by（路过）中考D篇Some young Koreans have taken to the theory. A recent study showed 76 percent of Koreans aged between 13 and 64 believing in the blood-type personality connection.58. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?A. It was lightly believed. B. It was brought to them.C. They liked and accepted it. D. They stole the idea from others.中考C篇Doctors and other scientists who study the human mind and try to explain why people behave in the way that they do, called psychologists.55. A psychologist is a person who may help you with your_.A. illness and abilities.（疾病和能力） B. thoughts and behaviour.C. mind and nervous system（头脑和神经系统） D. physical activity and daily exercise（体力活动和日常锻炼）课标卷Peanuts are very highly nutritious and are high in protein（蛋白质）.What dose the underlined word “nutritious” mean? A A. Good for health（有益于健康）B. Helpful to the poor（有助于穷人）C. Delicious and tasty（美味可口）D. Rich in fat and oil（富含油脂）北京卷The small-world theory says that everyone in the world is connected through a short chain（链条） of people they know. Another name of this chain is degrees of separation. Each degree is a step that separates a person from someone he or she does not know. There are zero degrees of separation between a person and the people he or she knows directly. This means that there are zero degrees between Ben and his mom. What is the meaning of “degrees of separation” in paragraph 2？AA. The chain to connect people.B. The relations between people.C. The steps of knowing strangers.D. The separation between strangers主旨题“能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局” 主旨题1.主旨题首段 找核心词尾段 看作者观点各段的首句2.主旨题可以忽略的地方显性例证for example, such as隐形例证数字3.主旨题思路第一步：找文章的核心词第二步：比较选项差异去同较异作者态度逆向思维主旨题(1) Which is the best title of the passage?(2) Which of the following is this passage about?(3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that_.(4) The passage tells us that_.(5) This passage mainly talks about_.难度指数 关键词不同时2011 2012 年度西城区初三期末考试（首段）The secret in re-remembering is to （尾段）This memory method no matter what you have forgotten, there is a chance to solve any memory mystery（谜团）.What can be the best title for the passage?A. Forgetting - You can never really forgetB. Drawing - The better way to remember thingsC. Re-remembering - Remember what you have forgottenD. Replacing - Forgetting something instead of remembering难度指数 关键词相同时 - 1. 看作者态度、观点2. 比全面60. What can be the best title for the passage?A. Netspeak: A Widely-Used Language on InternetB. Is Netspeak : Harming the English Language?C. Is Netspeak : Helpful in Language Learning?D. Netspeak: Advantages and Disadvantages首段：She was only about five feet tall and probably never weighed more than 110 pounds, but Miss Bessie was a towering presence in the classroom. She was the only woman tough enough to make me read Beowulf and think for a few stupid days that I liked it. From 1938 to 1942, she taught me English, history and a lot more than I realized. 尾段：No child can get all the necessary support at home, and millions of poor children get no support at all. This is what makes a wise, educated, warm-hearted teacher like Miss Bessie so essential to the minds, hearts and souls of this countrys children. 60. Which of the following would be the best title of the passage? CA. Dreams Go with EducationB. An Unforgettable Lesson C. Unforgettable Miss BessieD. Reading Makes a Full Man 首段：The book, Bring Your Book To Life, by William John Mills, points out that the secret to meaning in life, and in work, depends on how you relate to yourself, how you relate to others and to your relationship with higher values or purpose in life. 尾段：That can make the difference between just living and feeling fully alive. You have to work at living, not just at working. Mills book just has excellent guides for such a journey.57.The best title for the passage is _C_.A. Love What You Do and What You HaveB. Live a Life with Higher Values or PurposeC. Find Meaning in Your Work and Your LifeD. Build Relationships Between Your Work and Life段首：Stress(压力，紧张)is caused whenever there is a problem or a change in your life.When you feel stress, your brain sends a message to your body to produce a chemical called adrenaline(肾上腺素)What can you do about stress? 尾段：The link(关系)between your body and brain works in two ways. Your body can help your mind deal with stress. If you are under stress, you need to take especially good care of your body. Its important to get enough sleep and eat nutritious meals. Some people take a vitamin-mineral pill every day. Another thing that you can do is daily exercise. If you go walking or do aerobic dancing or work out at the gym, you give your body a chance to burn up some of that adrenaline. Of course, a person who isnt used to much physical activity should start slowly. Anyone with a continuing physical problem should check with a doctor before starting any exercise programs.58. What is probably the best title for this passage? AA. The Body-Brain Link B. The Causes of StressC. The Advice on Health D. The Nervous System首段：Many textbooks are not written in the kind of English that we speak every day. In fact, sometimes the reading is so difficult that it almost seems like a foreign language. In a way, it is the language of science. You should not expect to be able to read a difficult science passage the same way you read an interesting story; you should not expect to read it easily and all at once. Instead, you may have to read it several times through, catching on the meaning of difficult words, going back over difficult sentences, and finally putting the whole thing together. Do not be discourages if the whole passage dont make sense to you at first. You need to pick it apart patiently until you can understand it.段首：These are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult:56. The massage is mainly about _A_.A. steps of studying scienceB. difficulties in reading scienceC. ways of reading science passages D. researches on science and English 推断题1.推断题答案来自于原文但不等同于原文。答案必须忠于原文，不能主观臆断。(1) We can infer from the text that _.(2) From the story we can guess _.东晋诗人陶渊明曾经写过这样一句诗“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。”问：从这句诗中我们可以推断出什么？A. 作者在东边的篱笆下采菊花。B. 作者是斜眼。C. 作者在山间怡然自得。D. 作者被贬，厌倦官场生活，隐居山林所感。世界上有两种人，一种是男人，一种是女人。说张三这个东西，不是女人。那么我们可以推断： A. 张三是男人。 B. 张三是女人。 C. 张三不是女人。 D. 张三是女人是不可能的。A big change might be a good change, but it will still be stressful.3. From the last sentence of Paragraph 5 we can infer that _.A. its difficult to change a stressful situationB. its not stressful when a good change takes placeC. a big change will cause another stressful situationD. a stressful situation cant be changed without any effort总结阅读理解题取材广泛，但仍然有规律可循。1.平时要多阅读并善于总结，积累解题技巧。2.考试时要研读好文本，不放过文本中细节。3.做完题后要仔细检查，每篇材料应有完整情节。长难句定语从句先行词+关系词+从句Kind-hearted and open-minded, my aunt was the one who played baseball with me,who took me horse-back riding, who took me to the father-son dinners,and who gave me lessons on how to drive.Kind-hearted and open-minded, my father is the one who plays basketball with me,and who gives me lessons on how to study.Today, thanks to modern transportation and well-organized society, thousands of people willingly and eagerly leave the surroundings where they were born, and the oftener they do so, the less sentiment they are likely to have for those surroundings.宾语从句时态+陈述语序宾语从句They have always complained that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they do not trust their children to deal with problems; that they talk too much about certain problems, and that they have to no sense of humor, at last in parent-child relationships.We remember what it was and then suddenly realize that it is no more.The thing that amazed me most was that the first time I read these works on my own some of them seemed dead, but the second time, after his explanation, I couldnt believe that I hadnt seen the humor.状语从句时间/条件/结果A great many people, when they speak of home, then to connect it with a certain atmosphere, certain physical surroundings, and certain emotional attitudes within themselves.Although our situation was very bad, its difficult to feel too sorry for yourself when you look at whats happening elsewhere.If you cant at least try to put yourself in someone elses shoes, how can you understand their situation, their problems and issues?长难句练习1. She never failed to make me believe that I could do anything with my life that I want it, if I only tried hard enough.2. Nowadays, nobody could have failed to notice the fact that * has become more and more important. 3. But we remember with far greater pain that we did not see that beauty when it flowered and that we failed to react with love when it was gentle.4.ASwedishKennelClubofficialexplainswhatthismeans:ifyourdogrunsoutontheroadand getshitbyapassingcar，astheowner, youhavetopayforanydamagedonetothecar，evenifyourdoghasbeenkilledintheaccident记叙文六要素：时间、人物、地点、事件、经过、结果开头：好/坏中间：坏/好结尾：好（提升）“Will you give my kite a lift?” asked my nephew to his sister. Lucy took it up and threw it into the air, but her brother didnt pay attention and ran off, so the kite fell down. “Try again, children,” I said.Lucy once more took up the kite. But John ran off so suddenly that the kite flew out of her hand and it fell flat as before. “Try again,” said I.They did, and with more care, but a side wind came suddenly. As Lucy let go the kite, it was blown against some bushes and the tail was caught. Meanwhile, I went to the kites assistance and set the tail free from the bushes. I told them to find a more open area and then try again. We found an open area. I threw the kite up as John ran off. It rose up and promised a high flight. But John was so pleased that he stopped short to look upward. The string became loose. The kite shook and came down to the ground. “I wont try anymore. The kite wont fly.” said he angrily. I replied, “A few disappointments are not supposed to discourage us. And now try again.” And he tried and succeeded, for the kite was carried upward on the breeze as lightly as a feather. He was very excited to enjoy the sight. John began to roll up the string slowly. “Shall we come out tomorrow and try again?”I smiled, “Yes, dear children. I wish to teach you the value of keeping trying. Whenever you fail, remember TRY AGAIN!”50. How many times did they fly the kite?A. Five. B. Four. C. Three. D. Six.51. How did John feel when he finally flew the kite up?A. Angry. B. Hopeful.C. Excited. D. Worried52. The writer wants to tell us _.A. the ways of flying kites B. the pleasure of flying kitesC. the cost of making mistakes D. the importance of keeping tryingIt was a Sunday and the heavy storm had lasted all night. The morning after the storm, though, was beautiful: blue skies, warm air and a calm, inviting sea. My father realized it was a good day for fishing and invited my sister and me to go with him. I was only 14 and fishing had never been my thing, but I decided to go all the same. Im so glad I did.Being on the boat, we found there was something meters away. When moving nearer, we saw it was a mother whale with her baby. We couldnt believe it there arent any whales along the coast. The storm must have driven them there, where the sea water was so dirty that nothing could live in it.The little baby whaleactually as big as our boatwas stuck and could not move. The mother went down into the water and came up suddenly, making big waves. “Shes trying to help her baby, but on the wrong side,” my father said. At this point, my father moved our boat to the other side and, heading the b