定语从句用法及练习教学总结.doc

定语从句用法及练习 教学总结定语从句 一.定义:在复合句中修饰句中的名词或代词的从句. ThegirlwholivesnexttomeisHelenssister. Everythingthathesaidwasright. 二.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词. Themanthatsitsonthebenchsellsvegetables. YoumustdoeverythingthatTdo. 三.位置:定语：限制或修饰名词或代词的成分. Redflag,mypen,beautifulflower 位置:单个单词作定语放在所修饰的词之前 短语或从句作定语则放在所修饰的词之后 mypen,redflag,abeautifulflower; themanintheshop, Thestudentwhostudiesinouruniversityenjoysreadingsciencestories. 四.引导词:引导定语从句的词,关系代词和关系副词.-起着连接主从句的作用.同时又做句中的一个成分. TheboywhowesawyesterdayisJohnsbrother. ThecatwhichisunderthechairiscalledMimi. 五.种类:关系代词和关系副词 关系代词:that,which,who,whomwhose,as 关系副词:when,where,why that:指物,也指人,在从句中做主语和宾语(做宾语时在口语或非正式文体中可省去) Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly. Thecomradethatisspeakingatthemeetingisafriendofmine. ThenoodlesthatIcookedweredelicious. ThemanthatwesawjustnowisfromBeijing. which;指物,只指物,在从句中做主语和宾语(做宾语时在口语或非正式文体中可省去) Theyplantedsometreeswhichdontneedmuchwater. Thefishwhichweboughtthismorningwerenotfresh. Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords. 3.who:指人,在从句中做主语 TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledMike.Thisisthestrangerwhosavedthechildslife. 4.whom:指人,在从句中做宾语(做宾语时在口语或非正式文体中可省去) ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisProfessorWang. Theladywhomwewantedtovisitisascientist. 5.whose:指物,也指人,在从句中做定语(和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中做主语及动词或介词的宾语) Themanagerwhosedaughterisourclassmateiscomingtovisitus. Thisistheroomwhosewindowsfacesouth. HehaswrittenabookwhosenameIveforgotten. Doyouknowthegirlwhoseseatyouaresittingon? 6.when:指时间,在从句中做时间状语(on/inwhich) October1st,1949wasthedaywhenthePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded. IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy. 7.where:指地点,在从句中做地点状语(inwhich) ThisistheplacewhereProfessorLilives. Idliketoliveinahousewherethereisplentyofsunshine. 8.why:指原因,在从句中做原因状语(forwhich) Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemisseshistrain. Thereasonwhyhefailedinthematchisnotclear. 六:定语从句的注意事项: 在表示时间可用on/inwhich代替,在表示地点可用inwhich代替,在表示原因可用forwhich代替;若它们引导的定语从句所修饰的名词在从句中做主语或宾语时,那么关系代词只能用“thatorwhich”. Hecameatatimeatwhichweneededhimmost. ThisistheroominwhichIonceworked. Itisadaythat(which)hewouldneverforget. Weshallneverforgetthedaysthatwespenttogether. ThisistheplacewhichIhavelongwantedtovisit. Thisisanexhibitionthathasbeenvisitedbymanyforeigners. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 1)限制性定语从句:与主句关系密切,是先行词意义上不可缺少的定语,不可省去,若省去,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义. 2)非限制性定语从句:与主句关系不密切起补充说明的作用,可省去,写时用逗号隔开.(指物时只用which,不用that指物时只用who/whom,不用that) Hehasfoundthebookthathewaslookingfor. Beijingisacitywhichhostedthe2008OlympicGames. Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,hasaverylonghistory. YesterdayImetHelen,whoseemedtobeveryworried. 3)从句与先行词的关系:即关系代词做从句主语时,人称和数受先行词的限制,时态则不受限制. ThegirlswhoarestandingtherearefromParis. Thepencilwhichislyingonthedeskismine. 4)关系代词作从句的主语,从句的谓语动词与先行词一致的情况: (1)Thisisthegirlwholikesplayingfootball. (2)Heisoneoftheboyswholovemusic.(3)Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswholovesmusic. 5)先行词是all,everything,nothing,anything,much,little,none,few等用that不用which. Everythingthathesaidisunbelievable. Muchthatcanbedoneisdone. 6)先行词被最高级,序数词或被only,any,no,all,thevery,theone，little,none,few等用that不用which. ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen. ThatistheseconddogthatIhaveraised. ItistheverybookthatIhavebeenlookingfor. 7)先行词既有人又有物时,用that而不用which/who. Thewriterandhisworksthatwelikearethere. 8)先行词被thesame,such修饰时关系代词用“as”. Suchboysashesaidshouldbepunished. ThisisthesameroomasMarylives. 9)当主句是由who/whom/which引导的特殊疑问句时,为了避免重复只用“that”. Whoistheboythatisreadinginthelibrary? Whichistheuniversitythatwearegoingtoenter? 10)先行词在从句中做表语或关系代词在定语从句中做表语时用that. Itwasthedictionarythathelpedmealot. Itisnolongerthecasethatsheusedtobe. 11)as,which引导的从句有时修饰的不是一个先行词,而是一个句子,这时就得用as,orwhich引导.两者的差别是:1.位置上:AS,可放在句首,也可放在句中或句末,而“WHICH”不能放在句首,可放在句中或句末.2.意义上“AS”是“正如所,这一点”而“WHICH”则强调主句对从句造成的结果.如:Wecansay: Asweallknow,TaiwanbelongstoChina. Taiwan,as/whichweal