高中英语时态语态专题加练习 附答案.doc

时态语态专题【教学内容】 1.时态 2.被动语态 3.练习【教学过程】一、时态 时态是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。常用的时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时。形式时间一般进行完成现在dodoesamis doingarehave donehas过去didwasdoingwerehad done将来shallam/is/are going to dowillwill be doingshall have donewill过去将来Shoulddowouldwould be doing（一）一般现在时用法：1通常表示现阶段经常发生的动作、存在状态或经常的习惯性的动作。常与often, usually, always, sometimes, today, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用。Around two oclock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat _bothers_(bother) us. 2表示永恒的真理以及客观事实。The earth _goes_ (go) round the sun. 3表示按规定或计划要发生的动作。The train _starts_ (start) at seven in the morning. 4在时间和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。常用的引导词：表时间的有when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day;表条件的有if, unless, provided, as long as.Ill go with you, if you _are_ (be) free tomorrow. 注意：在here, there开头的倒装句中，一般现在时表示正在发生的动作或存在的状态。（二）一般过去时1表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语ago, yesterday , last week, in the old days ,when I was five years old, in 1995 等连用。They _began_ (begin) to work two months ago. 2一般过去时多和表示过去了的时间状语连用。但是有时候句子并没有过去的时间状语，这时就要通过语境、说话人的口气来判断。I _didnt expect_ (not expect) you were waiting for us. 3表示过去经常、反复发生的动作；used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”，暗含“现在不做了”之意。be used to do sth. 意为“被用于做某事”，不定式表示目的，可用于多种时态。be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事。He used to _get up_ (get up) early . He will be used to _getting up_ (get up) early . Wood is used to _make_ (make) paper. （三）一般将来时1、表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，结构为will/shall/be going to+动词原形。常用的时间状语有later (on), soon, in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow等。I _shall/will_ (be) eighteen years old next year. He _wont go_ (not go) to the airport to meet her this afternoon. 2、一般将来时的其它表示形式（1）一般现在时表将来按照计划或时刻表要发生的事情。The new library _opens_ (open) next month. The plane _takes off_ (take off) at 3:00 P.m. 在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。If you _leave_ (leave) tomorrow , Ill see you at the airport. When she _comes_ (come), Ill tell her about it. （2）现在进行时表将来现在进行时表示将来，往往是指计划好或准备要做的事。一些表示动作转换的终止性动词，如go, come, leave, start, begin, stay, take off, arrive等，或者也称为位移性动词，其进行时表示马上要做某事。I _am taking_ (take) the kids to the zoo this Sunday. He _is leaving_(leave) school in one years time.（3）be to do sth.结构表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务和要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。The president _is to visit_(visit) Japan in May.I _am to get_ (get) married next year. （4）be about to do. 结构表示“刚要做某事，马上要做某事，正要做某事”，强调动作即将发生（不跟表将来的时间状语连用）。We are about to _discuss_ (discuss) this problem.They were about to _leave_(leave) when the telephone rang. 3、will和be going to的区别。（1）will多表示带意愿色彩的将来或客观上将来要发生的事，也可表示临时做出决定将要做的事。I _will stay_(stay) with you and help you. You have left the light on. Oh, so I have. I _will go_ (go) and turn it off. （2）be going to常用于口语中，主要用来表示将发生的动作或存在的状态、打算或准备要做的事或根据某种迹象判断可能将要发生的事。There_is going to be _ (be) an English film this evening. Look at those clouds. It_is going to rain_(rain). 看那些乌云，要下雨了。（四）现在完成时1、表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与already, ever, never, just , yet, up to now, so far, recently等副词连用。I _have_ just _finished_(finish) my homework. 2、表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续持续下去，此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或加一个现在时间。I _have known_ (know) him for three years. He _has lived_ (live) here since 1995.他自1995年以来就住在这儿。【注意】（1）因为含有for加一段时间或since加一时间点这样的时间状语的完成时，有延续性的特点，所以不能使用瞬间动词。My sister _has been married_ (marry) for 5 years.My sister_has married_ (marry). Dont disturb her. （2）在This/That/It is the first/second/third/.time that.句型里，从句要用现在完成时。This is the second time that the products of our company _has showed_(show) in the International Exhibition.（3） It/this is the best (worst, most interesting 等) +名词+从句中，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。 It is the most instructive lecture that I _have attended_(attend) since I came to this school.（4）句型It is/has been.since.所使用的两种时态都正确。It _is/has been_(be) 10 years since I last saw him. （五）过去完成时1、过去完成时是一个相对时态，表示过去某个时间之前就已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语（before, after, by），只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较时才可显示出来。When we got to the station, the train _had left_ (leave).2、过去完成时表示截止到过去某一时间已经完成的动作。By the end of last month, we _had reviewed_(review) four books. 3、表示思维的动词用过去完成时，意为“原本（但事与愿违）”。I _had thought_ (think) that he would win. We _had believed_(believe) that he could tell the truth. 4. 在“hardly(scarcely).when., no sooner.than.”句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意思为“一.就.” Hardly_had_the speaker _finished_ (finish) his speech when the audience kept asking him questions.（六）现在进行时1、现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。Listen, someone _is crying_ (cry). What _are_ you _doing_ (do) these days? 2、有时，现在进行时也与always/continually/constantly/all the time等副词连用，表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，用以表达说话人赞扬、讨厌、遗憾等情绪。He _is_ always _asking_ (ask) the same question.（厌烦）3、动词go, come, leave, arrive, start, begin, end等表将要发生的动作时也用现在进行时。They _are leaving_ (leave) for Shanghai. 4、状态动词be, have, belong to, remember, know, love, like, prefer, remember, forget, hope, wish, want, see, hear, find, feel等一般不用于进行时。_Do_ you _know_ (know) where he is? （七）过去进行时1、表示在过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在发生的动作。I _was doing_ (do) my homework at this time yesterday. 2、如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时，则另一个句子常用过去进行时。I _was washing_ (wash) my hair when you knocked at the door. 你敲门的时候我正在洗头发。3. 表示运动和位置移动的动词可以用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这类动词主要有leave, start, arrive.go, come 等。 I _was coming_(come) to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel. 【辨析】现在完成时与一般过去时现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带，它强调过去的动作对现在的影响；一般过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作，与现在没有联系。试比较：He _has worked_ (work) in that hospital for 8 years. (表示他从过去开始工作，一直工作到现在，可能现在仍在那家医院工作。)He _worked_ (work) in that hospital for 8 years. (这只是讲述一个过去的事实，表示他现在已经不在那家医院了。)I _have been to_ the Great Wall, and I _went_ there last summer. 我去过长城，我去年夏天去的。2、 动词被动语态1.被动语态的基本结构：be+动词的过去分词。be动词随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。被动语态的各种时态形式见下表：时体现在过去将来将来过去将来一般式am/is/are donewas/were donewill/shall be donewould /should be done进行式am/is/are being donewas/were being done完成式have/has been donehad been donewill/shall have been done注意：只有带宾语的及物动词才有被动语态； 被动语态的否定式是在其构成形式中的第一个助动词后加not。2.被动语态常见易错点（1）注意短语动词的被动语态：短语动词是不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时不能省略后面的介词和副词。The meeting is to be put off till Friday.（2）注意双宾语的被动语态：有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语动词后面，通常变为主语的是间接宾语。He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.（3）注意复合宾语的被动语态：当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余部分不动。使役动词动词have,make, get以及感官动词等后跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语时，其被动结构要加to。A stranger was seen to walk into the building.（4） 注意主动形式表示被动意义的情况：表示主语的某种属性特征的词：clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等，常用其主动形式表示被动意义，且主语通常是物。This pen writes smoothly. 这支钢笔写起字来很流畅。在need, want, require,bear 等词后面常跟动名词，以主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动语态。The house needs repairing/ to be repaired.【实战演练】So what is the procedure?All the applicants_are interviewed_(interview）before a final decision is made by the authority.If nothing _is done_(do), the oceans will turn into fish deserts.This kind of cloth _washes_(wash) well. I think it is worthy _to be bought_(buy).三、巩固练习1. Here _ the bus!A. is comingB. comesC. has come D. has been coming2. Its the third time I _ him this month.A. had seen B. seeC. sawD. have seen3. If you go to the western suburbs of the city, you _ a lot of new buildings.A. will see B.have seenC. see D. are going to see4. I have bought an English -Chinese dictionary. When and where _ you _ it?A. do buyB.did buy C. havebought D. had bought5. She showed him the photo she _ the day before.A. has taken B. took C. was takingD. had taken6. While Tom _, his sister is writing. A. reads B. has readC. has been readingD. is reading7. By the time he was ten, Edison _ experiments in chemistry.A. had alreadydoneB. already had doneC. was already doingD. alreadydid8. I dont know if it _ or not tomorrow.A. will snow B. snows C. has snowed D. is snowing9. He was sixty-eight.In two years he _ seventy.A. was going to beB. wouldbe C. had beenD. will be10. Tom _ for more than a week.A. has left B. has gone away C. went awayD. has been away11. He said that honesty _ the key to success.A. was B. will be C. is D. is being12. Joan has gone to London this morning. She _ there till next Monday.A. will have stayedB. has stayedC. is staying D. has been staying13. We _ each other since I left Shanghai.A. havent seen B. hadnt seen C. didnt see D. wouldnt see14.Ill return the book to the libraryas soon as I _ it.A. will finish B. am going to finishC. finished D. have finished15. She has bought some cloth; she _ herself a dress.A. makes B. is going to make C. would make D. has made16. Dont go and bother him. He _ in the room.A. writes B. has written C. is writing D. has been writing17. The reason why prices _, and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been18. Mary really hard on his book and thinks hell have finished it by Friday. A. worked B. has been working C. had worked D. has worked19. She told me that her father _ to the post office when I arrivedA. just went B. has just gone C. had just goneD. had just been going20. Dont get off until the bus _.A. stopped B. will stop C. will have stoppedD. stops21. He must have sensed that I _ him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, Why are you staring at me like that? A. would look atB. looked atC. was looking atD. am looking at22. He _ with us since he returned last month.A. lives B. lived C. hadlived D. haslived23. They _ to help but could not get here in time.A. had wanted B. have wanted C. was wantingD. want24. They will go to work in the countryside when they _ school next year.A. will leave B. will have leave C. are leavingD. leave25. I didnt know when they _ again.A. came B. were coming C. had comeD. had been coming26. Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I _ my book in the cafe. A. have leftB. had leftC. would leaveD. was leaving27. They _ here for more than a month.A. have arrived B. have reached C. have come D. have been28. We _ a meeting from 2 to 4 yesterday afternoon.A. had had B. would have C. werehaving D. had29. She told us she had met you in London last year. _ you _ her since?A. Had; met B. Did; see C. Would; meet D. Have; seen30. It is reported that a space station _ on the moon in years to come. A. will be buildingB. will be builtC. has been buildingD. has been built31. Is Peter coming?No, he_ his mind after a phone call at the last minute. A. ChangesB. changed C. was changing D. had changed32. I _ Tom has made a mistake.A. am thinking B. shall think C. thinkD. have been thinking33. I _ writing the article now.A. finishB. is finishingC. finished D. have finished34. When _ you _ to study English?A. have; begun B. did; begin C. had; begun D. do; begin35. He was taken into hospital last week. In fact he _ ill for three months.A. has been B. has got C. had fallen D. had been36.Why does the lake smell terrible?Because large quantities of water.A.have polluted B.is being pollutedC.has been polluted D.have been polluted37.In the spoken English of some areas in the US,the “r” sounds at the end of the words.A.are dropped B.drop C.are being dropped D.have dropped38.This coastal areaa national wildlife reserve last year. A.was named B.named C.is named D.names39.The church tower whichwill be open to tourists soon.The work is almost finished.A.has restored B.has been restored C.is restoring D.is being restored40.The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune.A.is made B.would make C.was to be made D.had made41.After school we went to the reading room to do some reading,only to be told that it.A.was decorated B.had decoratedC.had been decorating D.was being decorated42.The letters for the bosson his desk but he didnt read them until three days later.A.were put B.was put C.put D.has put43.If nothing,the oceans will turn into fish deserts.A.does B.had been done C.will do D.is done44.A Midsummer Nights Dreamat the Theatre Royal on 19th June,and then tours throughout Scotland.A.opens B.is opened C.will open D.will be opened45.Unless some extra money,the theatre will close.A.was found B.finds C.is found D.found46.Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreementso far by the two sides.A.has been reached B.was reached C.will reach D.will have reached47.I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy,butthankfully by the shop window.A.am held back B.held back C.hold back D.was held back48.To my delight,Ifrom hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.A.was chosen B.was being chosen C.would choose D.had chosen49.It is reported that a space station on the moon in years to come.A.will be building B.will be built C.has been building D.has been built50.He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he.A.was being followed B.was following C.had been followed D.followed 15: BDABD 6-10:DAABD 11-15CCADB 16-20:CABCD 21-25:CDADB 26-30:BDCDB 31-35:BCDBD 36-40:DAADC 41-45:DADAC 46-50:ADABA四、短文填空It is the most instructive lecture that I _1_ (attend) since I came to this school. Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future _2_ (belo