中考分话题阅读理解训练12科普知识与现代技术.doc

Topic Twelve Popular Science and Modern Technology 科普知识与现代技术 话说中考 此类话题涉及科普知识和最尖端的现代化技术，是中考中难度最大的一部分，专业术语较多，词汇量大，多以说明文呈现在试卷中。这就要求学生在平时多了解科普知识，关注尖端技术，热爱现代化，培养爱国主义精神。 解题思路：整体把握文章大意，关注出题趋势，熟悉解题方法。 走进中考(兰州2010) There have been many great inventions or things that changed the way we liveThe first great invention was the one that is still very important today the wheelThis made it easier to carry heavy things and to travel long distance For hundreds of years after that there were few inventions that as much effect as the wheelThen in the early 1800s the world started to changeThere was little unknown land left in the worldPeople didnt have to explore much any moreThey began to work instead to make life better In the second half of the 19th century many great inventions were madeAmong them were the camera，the light and the radioThese all play a big part in our daily life today The first part of the 20th century saw more great inventionsThe helicopter in 1909，movies with sound in 1926，the computer in 1928，jet planes in 1930This was also a time when a new material was first madeNylon came out in 1935It changed the kind of clothes people wore The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people get over diseasesThey worked very wellThey made people healthier and allowed them to live longerBy the 1960s most people could expect to live to be at least 60 By this time most people in developed countries had a very good lifeOf course new inventions continued to be madeBut man now had a desire(渴望) to explore againThe earth was known to man but the stars were notMan began looking for ways to go into spaceRussia made the first stepThen United States took a stepSince then other countries，including China and Japan，have made their own steps into space In 1969 man took his biggest step away from the earthAmericans first walked on the moonThis is certainly just a beginning，thoughNew inventions will some day allow us to do things we have never yet dreamed of 阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1This passage talks mainly about _ Awhy cars were very important Bwhen light was invented Chow inventions affect peoples daily life Dwhich country made the first step into space ( ) 2According to the passage man didnt have a desire to explore a lot _ Aat the beginning of 1800s Bin the 1960s Csince the 1900s Dfrom the 1800s to 1960s ( ) 3In the 1800s，people began to work in order to make _ Aexplorations Btheir life better Cdiscoveries Da trip to space ( ) 4Nylon came out of five years later than _ Aradio Bcamera Cjet planes Dmovies ( ) 5People can live longer lives because _ that help cure diseases have worked very well Adoctors Bnew ways Cmedicines Dnew hospitals 解析 1C 根据整篇文章的内容和“There have been many great inventions or things that changed the way we live”可知文章主要讲述发明是怎样影响人们日常生活的，故正确答案为 C。 2A 根据“Then in the early 1800s. explore much any more”可以判断出正确答案为 A。 3B 根据第“They began to work instead to make life better”可知正确答案为 B。 4C 根据“.jet planes in 1930This was also a time. Nylon came out in 1935”可知尼龙的发明要比喷气式飞机晚 5 年，故正确答案为 C。 5B 根据“The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people get over diseases”可知正确答案为 B。 话题专练一 Robots are coming into peoples lives these daysRobots help people a lotJapanese housekeeping robots can move chairs，sweep the floor，take away dirty dishes and put dirty clothes in washing machinesIntel，the famous computer maker，has developed a self-controlled robot called HerbHerb can do simple things that people tell it to do，such as cleaning up waste Recently a large robot named Probo has been helping children to feel less worried in hospitalProbo has a touch screen on its stomachThe screen teaches children how to use ProboThe green robots face can make expressions to show how medical operations will make the child feelThe main aim of this project is to make emotional communication(情感交流) with children， said Jelle Saldien，one of the researchers Probo was invented by Ivan Hermans，president of the Anty FoundationHe had the idea after seeing the film I，RobotProbos green head and short nose are fully automated(使自动化)Its touch screen can show different emotions，such as pleasure and sadness，and can also see the expressions on human faces and make eye contact 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1Herb that the famous computer maker developed is _ Aa man-controlled robot Ba self-controlled robot Ca Japanese baby Da very large robot ( ) 2Probe was invented in order to _ Alook after children in hospital Bteach children how to use it Cshow expressions to children Dmake emotional communication with children ( ) 3_ made Ivan Hermans have the idea about inventing Probo AHerb BChildren in hospital CFilm I，Robot DI dont know ( ) 4The author implies(暗示) that _ Athe Japanese robot can help children to do their homework BHerb can help people to do housework Crobots will take the place of people in the future DIvan is an inventor and the president of his country ( ) 5It can be learned from the passage that _ Apeople are not allowed to touch Probes stomach BProbe has two kinds of feeling：happiness and sadness Cwhen a boy is happy，Probe can know how he feelsDProbo is one of the robots in the film I，Robot答案：1B 根据短文第一段中“has developed a self-controlled robot called Herb”可知，Herb 是一种自控机器人。2D 根据短文第二段最后一句 make emotional communication with children 可知，创造“抱抱”机器人的主要目的是同孩子进行情感交流。3C 根据短文最后一段内容可知，Ivan Hermans 是在看了 I，Robot 这部影片后，得到的创造“抱抱”机器人的灵感。4B 从整篇文章来看“机器人可以为人们做家务”，所以确定选 B。5C 根据短文可知，机器人 Probo 可以触摸；“抱抱”机器人不仅只有两种表情：它不同于 I，Robot 影片中的机器人。根据短文可知，“抱抱”机器人可以根据人的面部表情判断人的喜怒哀乐，故选 C。二 Kobian，a Japanese robot，which can express seven human emotions，has been made by researchers at a university of Japan The robot can express seven different feelings，including happiness，surprise，sadness and dislikeIn order to use different poses to match the mood，Kobian uses motors in its face to move its lips，eyelids and eyebrows into different positions To express happiness，for example，the robot puts its hands over its head and opens its mouth and eyes wide To show sadness，Kobian hangs its head and holds a hand up to its face in a gesture of sadness Kobian can also walk around，check its environment and do some workIt is hoped it will be a good helper for humans 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1Kobian can express _ human emotions A5 B6 C7 D8 ( ) 2Kobian can use _ to match the mood Aface Beyelids and eyebrows Clips Dmotors in different positions ( ) 3How does Kobian express sadness? AIt can put its hands over its head and cry BIt can hang its head and hold a hand up to its face in a gesture of sadness CIt can fall down its tears DIt can open its mouth and eyes wide ( ) 4The last paragraph mainly tells us _ AKobian can walk around BKobian can check its environment CKobian can do some work DKobian will be a good helper for humans ( ) 5Which of the following is NOT right? AKobian is made in Japan BKobian does some housework for human beings CKobian can use expressions to its heartDKobian can express seven human emotions，but it wont take the place of human beings答案：1C 短文中一、二两段都提到了这一点，可以表达七种人类情感。2D 根据短文第二段最后一句内容可以确定本题答案。3B 根据短文第四段的内容可以确定答案。4D 根据最后一段内容可以看出，机器人能帮人类做很多事情，希望将来成为人类的好帮手。5C 通读全文可以看出，机器人虽然能在很多方面代替人类工作，但是它没有思想，只是人类的工具。三 Have you ever wished to have an umbrella that makes your hands free? Alan Kaufman has come up with the Nubrellawhich means new+umbrellaIt is the first truly hands-free umbrella in the worldThe inventor says that it stops rain，wind and snow and can keep your head，face and hair dry I never planned to invent a productI just noticed a problem and came up with a solution， said the inventorThe idea for the invention began on one rainy dayMrKaufman was standing in one of his storesHe began to look at peoples umbrellasHe found that they had to try very hard to keep their umbrellas in the right placeAt that moment an idea came into his mindHe ran to his desk and drew a pictureIn this way，the Nubrella was born One cool feature of the Nubrella is that you dont hold it like a normal umbrella；you wear itThe shoulder straps(肩带) of the Nubrella allow people to be fully hands-free，so when walking in the rain with the Nubrella，you are able to use your cell phone or drink a hot cup of coffeeAlso，the Nubrella will never be inverted(颠倒) in the windThe new umbrella is far safer than traditional ones，because it has no sharp points 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1Nubrella is a kind of _ umbrella Anormal Bhands-free Ctraditional Dpaper ( ) 2How can you use the Nubrella? AYou can wear the shoulder straps of the Nubrella BYou can put the Nubrella on your head CYou can use your hands to control it DYou can put it on your bike ( ) 3Which of the following is NOT right? ANubrella means new+umbrella BThe idea of the new umbrella came from the rainy day CWhen you are walking in the rain，youd better take the Nubrella DIf you go out with the Nubrella in the rain，youd drink a hot cup of coffee ( ) 4It can be learned from the passage that _ AAlan Kaufman often uses umbrellas in everyday life Bthe new kind of umbrella was invented by an umbrella store owner Cthe inventor thought for a long time before inventing the Nubrella Dyou can do other things with your hands when using the Nubrella ( ) 5In writing this passage，the author mainly intends(意图) to _ Aintroduce this new kind of umbrella to people who are selling umbrellas Btell the readers about a great inventor named Alan Kaufman Ctell the readers about a new invention that is very usefulDtell the readers that the inventor didnt want to invent anything答案：1B 根据短文第一段中“It is the first truly hands-free umbrella in the world”可知，这种伞是种可以不用手打的伞。2A 根据短文最后一段内容可知，这种伞带有肩带，用时可以戴在肩膀上，不需要用手。3D 根据短文最后一段内容可知，使用这种伞时，手可以同时做其他事情，不一定都要喝热咖啡。4D 通读全文，可以从中了解到“使用这种伞时，手可以同时做其他事情”，所以很容易确定答案。5C 作者写这篇文章的意图是向人们介绍这种新伞的好处。四 News One Recently a cloned dog named Ruppy became the worlds first transgenic(转基因的) dogShe and four other dogs all gave off red light under certain conditions A team led by Byeong-Chun Lee in Korea created the dogsLee and researcher Woo Suk Hwang were also part of the team that created the first cloned dog，Snuppy，in 2005 This new experiment should open the door for transgenic dogs to be models of human illness， said one of the team members，Che Myong KoThe next step for us is to make a true illness model News Two A company in Japan has said they will soon sell a new kind of T-shirtThe Tshirt can protect people from knivesIt is more than three times stronger than cotton because it is made of a special kind of materialThis material is thick enough to protect you，but it is not too heavy to make you look like you are wearing protective clothingThis material is like the one that is used in body armor，but it is lighter and can be washed by a washing machine These T-shirts are created because of the increased knife accidents that happen to children 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1Ruppy can give off _ light under certain conditions Awhite Bred Cyellow Dgreen ( ) 2News One mainly tells us that _ ARuppy can give off red light all the time BSnuppy has the ability to cure peoples illness CByeong-Chun Lee is not a member of the Snuppy study team Da transgenic dog will be used to study peoples illness ( ) 3The special T-shirt is made of _ Aa special kind of cotton Ba special kind of silk Ca special kind of material Da usual kind of cotton ( ) 4The underlined phrase body armor in News Two means _ in Chinese A身手 B衣服 C太空服 D防弹衣 ( ) 5The second piece of news shows that _ Athe special T-shirt is made of a special kind of cotton Byou might break the T-shirt if you put it in a washing machine Cthe number of knife accidents is increasing these daysDthe T-shirt will be as cheap as everyday T-shirts答案：1B 根据 News One 中第一段“.gave off red light under certain conditions”可知，是红色的光。2D 根据 News One 可知，克隆技术的发现对人体疾病的治疗起着重要的作用。3C 根据 News Two 的第一段内容可知这种类型的 T 恤是用一种特殊的材料做成的。4D 根据 News Two 的第一段中上下句的关系可以确定是一种保护身体的衣服，即常说的防弹衣。5C 从第二则新闻最后一句可以确定发明这种防弹衣是由于日本常发生持刀事件。五 Imagine this：a television screen has the size and thickness of a piece of paperYou carry it around in your pocket and take it out when you want to watch a showImagine a guitar so tiny that you cant see it with the human eye，but you can hear sound when its strings are pulled Nanotechnology(纳米技术) is the science that deals with things in a very small way，and it is being studied and developed all over the worldMany scientists say nanotechnology will produce the next industrial revolution(工业革命) Perhaps nanotechnology will have the biggest influence on medical scienceImagine nanobots(纳米机器人) in medicineThousands or even millions of tiny machines can be sent into the human body with specific tasksFor example，they can be designed to find and destroy cancer cells or viruses(病毒)Other machines may stay in the human body forever to help organs(器官) that are not working properly When could all of these happen? Scientists predict that most of these are possible in the next yearsThousands of scientists around the world are working on these micro-machinesNanotechnology is just around the corner 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1The two examples in Paragraph 1 are used to _ Aintroduce the smallest television Bintroduce a new kind of guitar Cintroduce the topic of the passage Dshow how small the world is ( ) 2Nanotechnology _ Awill cause an industrial revolution Bdeals with things in old ways Chas studied the whole world Dwas developed many years ago ( ) 3The underlined word they in the third paragraph refers to _ Ascientists Bhuman bodies Cspecific tasks Dtiny machines ( ) 4The tiny machines _ Aare too small to be repaired Bcan be put in a human body to kill viruses Cmay not work well in human organs Dcan take the place of human organs ( ) 5The underlined phrase around the corner in the last sentence means _ Afar away Bat present Cin the near futureDimpossible答案：1C 短文第一段通过设想纳米技术给人们日常生活带来的便利，目的在于引出主题纳米技术。2A 第二段介绍了纳米技术的研发将引起世界性的工业革命。3D 第三段提到纳米机器人可能被植入人体内为人类服务，所以选 D。4B 根据文中“they can be designed to find and destroy cancer cells or viruses”可以确定答案。5C 根据全文可知纳米技术不久会被广泛使用。六 Soon computers and other machines will be able to remember you by looking at your eyes! The program works because everyones eyes are differentSo in the future you wont have to remember a number when you want to use a machine or take money out of a bankYoull just have to look at the machine and it will be able to tell who you are The eye-recognition(眼睛识别) program is already being tested in shops and banks in the U.S.A.，Britain，Spain，Italy and TurkeySoon this technology will take the place of all other ways of finding out who people are However，scientists are working on other systemsMachines will soon be able to know you from the shape of your face or hand or even your smell! We already have machines that can tell who you are from your voice or from the mark made by your finger Eye-recognition is better than other kinds because your eyes dont change as you get older，or get dirty like hands or fingersAnd even twins have different eyes，so the program can be up to 94% correct，depending on how good the technology isSome programs may only be 51%In Britain，it was found that 91% of people who had tried it said that they liked the idea of recognizing(认出) you by your eyesSo smile! 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1What will the program for remembering eyes be used for? ABanks and computers BBanks and shops CSchools and computers DSchools and shops ( ) 2How does the eye-recognition program work? AYou look at the machine and type the number BYou need to speak and then look CThe machine looks at your face DYou look at the machine ( ) 3Which recognition program is already in use? ARemembering eyes and smell BRemembering fingers or voices CRemembering faces and voices DRemembering hands and faces ( ) 4What problems could there be with the eye-recognition program? ASome eyes are the same BEyes can change CIt is not always correct DEyes can get dirty ( ) 5Whats the advantage of using eye-recognition programs in this passage? AYou neednt remember a number BYou neednt take money with you CYou dont need to speakDPeople think they are interesting答案：1B 眼睛识别技术将会用于银行和商店。2D 利用眼睛识别身份时，只需看着测试机器就行了。3B 目前，识别身份的方法主要是指纹和声音识别。4C 眼睛识别技术准确率高，但仍会出错。5A 眼睛识别技术的优势在于它不像密码识别，不需要记住一串数字。七 Recently in a class i