虚拟语气 (5)

虚拟语气一、基础知识1 概念 ：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。二. 考点精讲：1if条件状语从句：If从句结构主句结构例句与现在事实相反Did/be动词用wereshould( would/could /might) +doIf they were here, they would help you.If they came here， they would help you与过去事实相反Had done should( would/could /might) have+ doneIf she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.与将来事实相反DidWere to doShould +do should( would/could /might) +doIf you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.If you should succeed, everything would be all right.注意：1）条件状语从句分真实和虚拟条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。时态关系句型： 条件从句 主句 do/does shall/will + doIf he comes, he will bring his violin. 典型例题The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。注意：（1） 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.（2） 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。 2）、混合条件句 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).3)、隐含/含蓄的虚拟Without water we could not live注意：特殊结构：without/ but for=If it were not /had not for+n/ otherwise=or (else)等。I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.A man who stopped drinking water would die in about seven days.Enough time given, they would have done it better.But for the rain=if it hadnt been for the rain, the crops would have died.4) 虚拟条件句的倒装省略， 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him=If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.典型例题_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I 答案C.但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Werent I to do. 5)、 在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。6）、判断与什么事实相反的时间标准7）、解题思路：判断是否是虚拟语气；判断虚拟语气与什么事实相反；判断虚拟部分用从句结构还是用主句结构。-Why didnt you buy it? -I _ but I didnt have enough money.A. would B.did C. would have D. had had (C)-Mary looks sad. Did you tell her about the accident? -Yes, but I _ her later.A. must have B.shouldnt have told C. should have told D. ought not to have told 2 。让步：even if/though3. 方式：as if/ though（二）. 在名词性从句中的应用1. wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：1）Wish that +(did或（be的过去式为 were）)-与现在事实相反(主从句动作同时发生)： +had done-从句动作先于主句动发生+would/could /might do-将来不大可能实现的愿望I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。2注意：判断与什么事实相反的标准。2.在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.注意：1) suggest不表示建议，而表暗示、表明、使人联想到”，不用虚拟。insist 后的从句动作发生在insist后时， 用虚拟(should)+do， 发生在前时 不用虚拟。 The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.判断改错:（错）You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. (对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill. (错) I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. (对) I insisted that you were wrong.2) order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist 的其它名词性从句也用(should) do在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。 My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 3）It is important,/necessary,/ natural,/ strange/a pity/ a shame/no wonder that . (should) do 例；It is strange that he should have come so early.（三）、 特殊结构：1）比较if only与only if only if表示只有；if only则表示如果就好了。If only也可用于陈述语气。I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。If only the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响了，就好了。If only he comes early.但愿他早点回来。 2）It is (high) time that It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。 It is time that the children went to bed. It is high t