二零零八中考阅读理解技巧及训练.doc

2009中考阅读理解技巧与训练 玛丽英语 马群校长阅读理解是综合语言运用能力的一个重要方面，在中考中所占比重越来越大，这也是拉开档次的题目。一、阅读理解的解题技巧1.了解文章题材，把握文章的侧重点不同题材的文章侧重点不同。说明文侧重的是对人物或事物特征的描写，出这种题时，往往爱出现让考生根据文章的描写去揣摩一些信息；而故事性的文章往往是让考生根据故事情节的描述，去猜测故事中人物之间的关系、故事发生的社会背景等；对学生来说比较难的文章是科普性的，学生平时接触此类文章的机会较少，且这类文章的词汇多生僻难懂。在做此类阅读时，千万不要因一两个单词不认识就放弃对文章的阅读，此类文章的问题多设置得比较简单，多数问题都能从文章中直接找到答案，至于个别问题，通过反复阅读加上你对某些科普知识的了解，最终也能顺利找到答案。2.抓住线索，做到有规律地阅读文章的上下文、前后句、字里行间都存在不同的线索，把它们有机地串联起来，有助于你的阅读。文章中的线索主要有：同义词线索、环境线索、用途线索、因果关系线索、对比线索、说明线索和顺序线索等。抓住这些线索就能提高我们理解、判断、猜测的准确性。3.抓主题句读一篇文章的过程中，要善于抓住每一段文章的主题句，留心一些关键词，注意文章的弦外之音，但一定要做到“字不离句，句不离篇”，千万不要想当然。对于考查文章细节的问题，在阅读的过程中，可以拿笔画出来文章之中的细节。这样也有助于你提高做题的速度和加深对文章深层意思的理解。4.了解问题，做到有目的地阅读在阅读短文前，可快速把短文所配的练习题看一遍，做到有目的地去阅读。这种方法比较适合较长又较难看懂的文章，看长而难懂的文章要花费较多的时间，如果我们有的放矢在文章中寻找，这样既省时间，而且准确率也较高。5.灵活多变，巧猜词义考生词汇量再大，在阅读英语文章时也难免会遇到生词，这就需要我们去猜测该词的词义。猜测词义可以通过上下文进行逻辑推理，也可通过语法进行分析判断，有时还要依靠常识和经验。二、根据教育部制定的英语课程标准，初中毕业生应达到五级综合语言运用能力。阅读理解是综合语言运用能力的一个重要方面，在中考中所占比重越来越大，这是拉开档次的题目。 阅读理解五级的目标部分描述如下：1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；5、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；6、除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上(上海的要求更高一些，30万词以上)所谓阅读能力是指视读能力、理解能力和对所读材料的评价能力。阅读理解考查的项目大多是根据这三种能力的要求设计的。为了提高阅读理解能力，在做阅读理解时，就要在以下几个方面下功夫：(一)要注意养成良好的阅读心理阅读时要去掉杂念，心绪要安定，精神要专一，要形成一种惬意的顺向心理。造成大脑皮层的优势兴奋中心。切不可一遇到几个生词难句，就心烦意乱，失去自控能力。心理学家告诉我们，任何恐慌，过分紧张的情绪都会形成一种消极因素妨碍大脑的正常思维功能。因此，遇到困难一定要从容不迫，心无旁骛。这样才能对所读的文章印象清晰，理解深刻。(二)要提高视读的速度考阅读理解，从另一个方面来说，考的是考试速度。慢读是不行的。因此做阅读理解时，要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。阅读时眼球总是不断地移动停顿移动着。理解是在“眼停”的瞬间进行的。我们要使眼停的时间相对增加，就要扩大视读的广度，把逐词逐句的点式阅读变成一次扫描一句的线式阅读，并且把看到的东西迅速报告给大脑，形成眼脑较快的直映能力。切不可在个别难懂的词句上磨蹭，只要全篇理解了，个别难懂的词句可以根据上下文和构词法去猜测，去推断。(三) 阅读时要注意培养语感所谓语感是指人们对语言中词语搭配及句型结构的熟练程度。语感好的人，理解力就强，视读的速度就快。阅读时要留心词语的搭配，即惯用法。必要时可用笔划一划或记下来。读完每一篇文章，都应总结归纳一下，积累了多少单词，惯用法和句型，这样语感自然就会好起来。(四)读完一篇文章后，要回味一番对文章的段落结构，中心思想，人物事件，论点论据要做到心中有数。对不清楚的地方可以再看几次。要留心关键词句，注意弦外之音。对文章的评价分析，一定要坚持“词不离句，句不离篇”，要理解文章作者的原意，而不能按你自己的意愿去想当然。切记：一想当然，就会出错。如果文章太长，你可以先把文章后面的问题看一遍，带着问题去看文章。这样可以帮助你去掉杂念，提高阅读速度和解题的正确性。要善于找关键句，特别要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的头一句话，往往就是关键句，可以帮助你掌握文章的全貌，理解文章的主题。此外，还应该细读文章，因为有时的试题是考细节。可以边读边用铅笔做点标记，把有关的人物，事件，时间，地点，原因(即五个W，who，what，when，where，why)划出来。凡逢人物就圈起来，看完一数，有几个圈就是几个人，一目了然中考英语阅读训练（001）This is a talk by a London taxi(出租车)driver.Ive been a taxi driver for nearly ten years. Most London taxi drivers have their own taxis.Its a nice job most of time. you meet a lot of people. I always work at night, because there is too much traffic during the day. I live twenty miles(英里)outside London and I go to work at 5:30 in the afternoon.I usually go home between 2 and 3 in the morning.Some very strange things happened late at night .The other day I was taking a woman home from a party .She had her little dog with her. When we got to her house, she found that she had lost her key. So I waited in the car with the dog while she climbed in through the windows.I waited and waited. After half an hour of ringing the bell I decided to find out what was going on .I tied the dog to a tree and started to climb in through the window. The next thing I knew was that the police came. They thought I was a thief(小偷).Luckily the woman came downstairs(下楼).She must have gone to sleep and forgotten about me and the dog!1.The driver always worked at night because it was easier to _.A. drive B. make money C. climb in through the windowD. meet a lot of people2.The woman climbed in through the window because _.A. she wanted to have a sleepB. her husband didnt open the door for herC. she didnt want to pay the driverD. she couldnt find her key3.The story happened _.A. early in the morning B. late at nightC.20 miles outside London D. near the police station4.Which of the following is wrong?A. The driver worked until between 2 and 3 in the morning.B. The police made a mistake.C. The woman had no money to pay the driver.D. The woman had forgotten about the driver and the dog.5.The driver climbed in through the window toA. get money from the womanB. return the dog to the womanC. see what was happening in the houseD. phone the policeKEY: 1-5 ADBCC中考英语阅读训练（002）There are fifty states in the United States. The largest in population is California, the largest in area is Alaska. Alaska is the smallest in population and Rhode Island is the smallest in size. The oldest states are the ones along the Atlantic coast. The newest states are Alaska and Hawaii. Alaska is also the coldest state. California and Florida are the warmer. Henry and his family live in Seattle, a big city, on the Pacific coast. But Los Angeles and San Francisco, also on the Pacific coast, are larger than Seattle. Henrys cousin, Susan, lives in New York. It is the largest city in the United States. Thousands of people visit New York each year. The most important city in the United States is Washington, D. C. It is the capital, but it is much smaller than New York. 1. How many states are there in the U. S. A. ? A. Five B. Forty- Five. C. Fifty D. Fifteen. 2. Which state is the largest in population? A. California. B. Rhode-Island. C. Alaska D. Los Angeles. 3. Which state is the oldest, the newest, and the smallest in population? A. Rhode Island. B. Seattle. C. San Francisco. D. Alaska. 4. Which of the following is true? A. The oldest states are the ones along the Pacific coast. B. Washington is the most important and the largest city. C. New York is the largest city in the United States. D. Henrys cousin lives in the Seattle. 5. Why is Washington, D. C. the most important American city? Because _. A. it is the largest city B. it is the largest in population C. it is the most beautiful city D. it is the capital of the United States KEY: 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. D 中考英语阅读训练（003）Mrs Black lives in a small village. Her husband is dead. Her son, Jack, lived with her. He worked in a shop in the village, but then he found a job in town named Greensea. He went to live there. Mrs Black was very angry. She got on a train and went to see her son. Then she said to him, Jack, why do you never telephone me? Jack laughed, But, mother, you havent got a telephone. No. she answered, I havent, but you have got one. 1. The old Black _. A. is dead B. lives with his wife C. went to a small village D. worked in a shop 2. Jack lived with his mother_he worked in the village. A. before B. when C. after D. so 3. Greensea is _. A. a big city B. a small village C. a town D. a mans name 4. Jack didnt phone his mother because _. A. he had no phone B. he was very busy C. his mother had no phone D. he went home every day 5. Jacks mother was very angry because _. A. Jack didnt want to ring her up B. Jack had a telephone but she hadnt C. she didnt know how to make a telephone D. she didnt know she couldnt be called KEY: 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. D中考英语阅读训练（004）Danny was just tired about the way things were goingHis mom came to the school and went on and on about Rick JacksonIt seemed that she would never stop talkingSomebodys got to stop that boy! she was shoutingRicks troubling everybody in the neighborhood(四邻)And he loves to pick on(结交)little boys like Danny MrsGreen, Dannys teacher, was concerned(担心)a lotI didnt know that Danny was being picked on, she answeredHes never said anything about this to me! MrsGreen looked at DannyHow long has this been going on? she askedDanny could only shake his head and look at the floorHe knew if he said a word about this, he would have trouble after school Danny hadnt said anything about the problem because he wanted to do things with the boys in the neighborhoodAfter all, most of them were nice to himHe hated to leave the gang just because of RickMaybe the time had come to find new friendsHe felt it hard to make up his mind 1We learn from the reading that _ ADanny was not a good student BDannys mother talked too much about the school CDannys teacher knew something about Dannys problem before DDanny wanted to get away from Rick 2When Dannys mother came for Mrs Green, the matter was now _ to Mrs Green Aserious Bcommon Cuntrue Dsimilar 3Danny now _ Awas tired of the school and his friends Bhad no friends at all Cwas not sure what he should to with the problem Dmade some new friends in the neighborhood 4Danny didnt say anything about the matter to Mrs Green because _ Ashe had known it Bthe other boys would tell her Che didnt want to be in trouble Dhis mother didnt want him to say it 5The word gang in the reading means _ Aa place for boys to play games Ba group of young people Ca school bus for children to and from school Dthe teachers office KEY: 1.D 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.B 中考英语阅读训练（005）Foulsham House is a fine, large house of the 1790sIt stands by the River Byer, in twentyfive hectares(公顷)of the best farmland in the southwest The house was built by Smithson, and the story goes back to George, the son of King of Whales, who fell in love with the beautiful Lady Kitty, at one of the first Foulshams wild woods(野外)partiesMany years ago many great men rode on the hills about Foulsham House, and many fine girls took tea in the Green Room The house has eight bedrooms, three bathrooms(浴室), two livingrooms, and a diningroom with a real Adam fireplaceIts library has a good view over the park and the riverAll rooms are light and airy, with good, high windows, and wood floors At the back of the house there is room for four carsThe third Foulsham once kept thereIn many other ways, this house of the 1790s meets the needs of the 1990s If you wish to know more about Foulsham House, write to： HarveyPlatt, Longford Son 6, Castle Green, Gilham, Byreside 1Foulsham House is _ Aan old farm house Ba 25house for people to come to listen to its story Ca large house for people to come to listen to its story Da house with a history of nearly two hundred years 2We learn from the reading that _ ASmithson built the house for wild wood parties Bmany important people had been to Foulsham House CGeorge and Lady Kitty loved the house and had many parties here Dthe Green Room is a place for many girls to make tea 3The sentence Its library has a good view over the park and the river, means _ AThe park and the river can be seen clearly from the library BThe library has a picture of the park and the river on the wall CThe library was built in the park by the river DBooks about the park and the river can be read in the library 4Which of the following is true? AThe 3rd Foulsham often rode his horses at the back of the house BThe house has a room for four cars at the back of the house CThe road behind the house is wide enough for 4 cars to go DThere is some parking behind the house 5We can infer(推断) that Harvey _ Awants the house to meet the needs of modern life Bwants people to know the history of the house Cwants to sell the house Dwants some money to make the house meet todays needs KEY: 1.D 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.C中考英语阅读训练（006）John sent for a doctor because his wife was ill He called the doctor and made sure they would meet at five He arrived at the doctors at twenty to five He thought, Its a little bit earlier Ill wait for a moment Its good to keep the time Then he stopped his car in front of the doctors He looked around and saw a noisy square（广场）not far from here He went there and sat down on a chair to enjoy the last light of afternoon sun and make himself quiet He saw some children playing and some women talking to each other happily Suddenly he heard a girl crying He came up to her and asked some questions Then he knew she got lost John tried to find out her address and took her home The girls parents were very thankful Then John hurried to the doctors The doctor said angrily when he saw him, Youre late Why did you keep me waiting for twenty minutes? John said nothing but one wordSorry! 1John drove to the doctors _ Alate Bon time Cin time Din no time 2John went to the square to _ Aspend the time Benjoy himself Csee the children and the women Dhelp the girl 3The girl cried because _ Asomeone hit her Bshe fell off her bike Cher parents were angry with her Dshe didnt find the way home 4At last John got to the doctors at _ Atwenty to five Btwenty past five Cfive oclock Dforty past five 5From the story, we know John is a _ Abusy person Bquiet person Chelpful person Dlucky person KEY: 1C 2A 3D 4B 5C 中考英语阅读训练（007）The big red American car was much too wide for an English country road. When Jack saw it coming toward him, he stopped his own car at the side if the road to make room for it to past. The American car went slowly past, so close that he could see the drivers face quite clearly. Where have I seen that face before ? he thought, “Wait a minute! I remember now. It was in the newspaper! He took out the newspaper from his bag, turned quickly to the middle page. There was a picture of the face in it. Yes, it bad a large mouth and small ears, and his eyes were behind dark glasses. Wanted by the police, read by Jack. “The City Bank will give a lot of money to anyone who helps the police to catch this man. Call the police at once, he said to himself. But a few minutes later, he was sad. This man was caught this morning, answered the police. 1. In which country did the story happen? A. It happened in America. B. It happened in Australia. . C. It happened in England. D. The story didnt tell us. 2. Why did Jack stop his car? A. He wanted to see who the driver was. B. He didnt want to pass by first. C. The road was too narrow for the two cars to pass at the same time. D. Because it was good for an Englishman to stop to let other go. 3. Who was wanted by the police in this passage? A. Jack. B. The driver in the American car. C. Either Jack or the driver. D. Neither Jack nor the American driver. 4. What did Jack do when he had read the newspaper again? A. He drove to the City Bank B. He drove to the police. C. He made a telephone call. D. He stopped the American car. 5. Who caught the man with a large mouth and small ears? A. The police. B. Jack C. Nobody. D. The American driver KEY: 1. C 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. A中考英语阅读训练（008）Linda and David have travelled by air from London to Sydney, Australia. Linda has promised（答应）her mother that she will ring her to let her know that they have arrived safely. This is something she had done ever since she was a child. David thinks it is not a good idea to ring so far, to spend too much, and to say so little. If there were an accident.” He says, theyd know soon enough. Bad news travels fast. “But Linda has promised that she would ring.”However, she says, it doesnt cost much when you just think that its the other side of the world. Its only six pence per second (每秒六便士)。 If youre on that telephone for less than one minute, Ill eat my hat, David says, And one minutes nearly four pounds(英镑). Thats no more than youd pay for a new hat, Linda answers. She has asked the man at the hotel (旅馆) desk to get her the number. The telephone rings. Linda picks it up. Hello, Mum. Is that you ? She says. Six pence per second, David reminds(提醒) her. “Hello, love. It is Mrs. Lee, Lindas mother, speaking from London. I can hear you very clearly just like you are in the next room. Its a better line than when you called me from your office. Do you remember? I shouted at that time, and still you couldnt hear me sometimes. “Yes, Mum.”Linda puts in. . . . I just wanted to ring to . “I remember how you rang when you went to Bettys house to eat, when you were a little girl. And then when you Mrs. Lee is a great talker Nearly four pounds. says David. Linda tries to tell her mother that it is time to say goodbye. Yes, all right,” says Mrs. Lee, But you will write, wont you, as you did when you were at work Once again, Mrs. Lee talks about the pass. and there is no stopping her. Four pounds fifty, says David. At last, Linda cuts her mother short, promises to write, and rings off. There! That wasnt long, was it? “Four pounds, ninety pence. “David answers.” And you didnt even say that weve arrived. 1. Linda is telephoning home to _. A. tell her mother some bad news B. say that she and David have arrived safely C. report an accident to her mother D. say that she and David have left London 2. Linda does not think it expensive to ring, because _. A. it only costs four pounds and ninety pence B. it is even more expensive to buy a new hat C. she had telephoned home since she was a child D. she will speak from one side of the word to the other 73. David says, Nearly four pounds, because _. A. he wants to remind Linda of the cost of the cost of the call B. he wants to buy himself a new hat C. Linda has not told her mother they have arrived D. he wants Mrs Lee to know how much the call costs 4. Mrs Lee goes on talking for so long because _-. A. she likes to hear all about the past. B. she likes talking C. Linda had not told her that she has arrived D. she is