初中英语检测题被动语态.doc

被动语态一、什么是被动语态?英语中时态很多，但语态只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被”、“由”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。”二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“be及物动词的过去分词”构成。 不及物动词本身没有被动语态。及物动词-本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。不及物动词-本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。三被动语态的句型肯定句：主语+be+动词过去分词否定句：主语+be+not+动词过去分词一般疑问句：Be+主语+动词过去分词特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词过去分词四各种时态的被动语态一般现在时：amisare动词过去分词 Cars are made by them.一般过去时：waswere动词过去分词 The MP3 was bought by my father.一般将来时：will/shall/be going to be动词过去分词 The bridge will be completed in ten days.现在进行时：amisare being动词过去分词 Is the bike being mended now?过去进行时：waswere being动词过去分词 The dinned was being cooked.现在完成时：havehas been动词过去分词 The meeting has been put off.过去完成时：had been动词过去分词 Many old houses had been pulled down by the end of last year.过去将来时：would/should/be going to be动词过去分词三、被动语态的运用什么情况下要用被动语态呢?一般地说，有下面几种情况：(1) 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。例如：Paper is made from wood. (纸是由木材生产出来的。)The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. (这座房子太旧了。它是1950年建成的。)He was wounded in the fight. (他在战斗在受伤了。)Electricity is used to run machines. (电是用来开动机器的。)(2) 需要强调动作的对象时。例如：Calculator cant be used in the maths exam.(计算器不能用于数学考试。)Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. (阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。)He was awarded first prize in that contest.(他在比赛中获得了第一。)(3)为了使语气婉转，避免提到是谁做的这件事。例如：The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. (新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。)四、各种时态的被动语态举例一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下：1、 一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词过去分词Our classroom is cleaned every day.This car is made in China.2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词过去分词His desk was cleaned just now.The station was built in 1928.3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词A new factory is being built in our city now.Some trees are being cut down in the park.4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词A new factory was being built in our city at that time.Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.5、一般将来时的被动语态:(A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词(B) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词.Some new factories will be built in our city this year.Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.6、过去将来时的被动语态: (1).would / should + be + 动词的过去分词 (2).was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词.She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.7、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.Your watch has been mended already.8、过去完成时的被动语态:had + been + 动词的过去分词He said that some new factories had been built in the city.I didnt know that my watch had been mended .9、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must + be + done例如：He can not be found. / I must be paid for this.五、如何将主动语态变成被动语态1、从句子意义上说，就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的。例1.主动语态： People speak English in many countries. 人们说英语。被动语态： English is spoken in many countries. 英语被说。例2.主动语态：我们造这座桥。We built this bridge last year.被动语态：这座桥被建造。This bridge was built last year.2、从语法的角度说，把原句的宾语改成主语。例1.主动语态：小刘邀请你(宾语) Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.被动语态：你(宾语)被邀请。 You has been invited to a lunch party by Xiao Liu.例2.主动语态：你不准带走杂志(宾语) You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.被动语态：杂志(宾语)不准被带走.These magazines must not be taken out of the reading room.例3.主动语态：他们授给他(宾语)一枚奖章(宾语).They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.被动语态：他(宾语)被授予一枚奖章. He was given a medal for his wonderful work.被动语态：一枚奖章(宾语)被授给了他.A medal was given to him for his wonderful work.A.熟记结构被动语态的结构为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p)”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为：一般现在时：am/is/are+p.p.一般过去时：was/were+p.p.一般将来时：shall /will be +p.p.现在完成时：have /has been +p.p.现在进行时：am/is/are+being+p.p.过去将来时：should /would be +p.p.含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词+be+p.p.练习题一.把下列主动语态改为被动语态:1 We often use a recorder in our English class.2 They will show a new film next week.3 When did they build the house?4 I saw the boy enter the room.5 Will they show a new film next week?6 Have they posted the letter yet?7 We often see him help his classmate.8 You must turn off the light before you go to bed.9 The student should learn all the texts by heart.二.选择填空:1.The reading room _ yesterday afternoon.A. cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaning D. was cleaned2.The workers were made _ ten hours a day.A. work B. to work C. working D. worked3.Food _ in a cool place in summer.A. must keep B. mustnt keep C. must be kept D. mustnt be kept4.His father _ to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago.A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. has been sent5.The pen _ well.A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing6.Great changes _ in the town since 1988.A. have taken place B. have been taken placeC. has taken place D. has been taken place7.Our compositions must _ next Monday.A. be hand in B. be handed in C. handed in D. be handing in8.The child will _ back to his parents next month.A. sent B. send C. be sent D. be sending9._ his work _ yet?A. havebeen finished B. has been finishedC. has finished D. havefinished10.The classroom _ nowA. is cleaning B. is being cleaningC. is being cleaned D. is cleaned三.用适当时态和语态的动词填空:1 Can he _ (speak) English?2 What language _ (speak) in that country?3 The film _ (show) many times since last Sunday.4 These TV sets _ (make) in SiChuan.5 It has got so dark. Would you please _ (turn) on the light?6 A new hospital _ (build) in this area now.1 _ the book _ (return).2 Rice _ (grow) in the south.3 The window _ (not break) by the boy.4 I _ (tell) he _ (not come) just now.四. 用所给动词的正确形式填空1. English _ (speak) in many countries.2. Information in short-term memory _ (can, not, keep) very long.3. After that, one of the li