英语专业八级模拟试题.pdf

中译英中译英 1 1 1 1 不要抛弃学问不要抛弃学问 胡适胡适 诸位毕业同学 你们现在要离开母校了 我没有什么礼物送你们 只好送你们一句话罢 这一句话是 不要抛弃学问 以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了毕业文凭 不得已而 做的 从今以后 你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了 趁现在年富力强的时候 努力做一 种专门学问 少年是一去不复返的 等到精力衰时 要做学问也来不及了 即为吃饭计 学 问绝不会辜负人的 吃饭而不求学问 三年五年之后 你们都要被后来的少年淘汰掉的 到 那时再想做点学问来补救 恐怕已太晚了 有人说 出去做事之后 生活问题急需解决 哪有工夫去读书 即使要做学问 既没 有图书馆 又没有实验室 哪能做学问 我要对你们说 凡是要等到有了图书馆方才读书的 有了图书馆也不肯读书 凡是要 等到有了实验室方才做研究的 有了实验室也不肯做研究 你有了决心要研究一个问题 自 然会撙衣节食去买书 自然会想出法子来设置仪器 至于时间 更不成问题 达尔文一生多病 不能多工作 每天只能做一点钟的工作 你们看 他的成绩 每天化一点钟看 10 有用的书 每年可看 3600 多面书 30 年可读 11 万页书 诸位 11 万页书可以使你成一个学者了 可是 每天看三种小报也得花费你一点钟的 工夫 四圈麻将也得费你一点半钟的光阴 看小报呢 还是打麻将呢 不是努力做一个学者 呢 全靠你们自己的选择 易卜生说 你的最大责任是把你这块材料铸造成器 学问便是铸器的工具 抛弃了学问便是毁了你自己 再会了 你们的母校眼睁睁地要看你们十年之后成什么器 参考译文参考译文 Never Give up thePursuit of Learning Dear Studentsof theGraduating Class As you are leaving your alma mater I have nothing to offer you as a gift except a word of advice My advice is Never give up the pursuit of learning You have perhaps finished your college courses mostly for obtaining the diploma that is out of sheer necessity However from now on you are free to follow your personal bentinthe choice of studies While you areinthe prime of life why not devote yourselves to aspecial field of study Youth will soon be gone never to return Anditwill be too bate for you to go into scholarship wheninyour declining years Knowledge will do you a good turn even as a means of subsistence If you give up studies while holding a job you willina couple of years find yourselves replaced by younger people It will then betoolateto remedy the situation by picking up studies again Some peoplesay Onceyou have a you llcomeup against the urgent problem of making a living How can you manage to find time to study Evenifyou want to willitbe possible with no library or laboratory available Nowletme tell you Those who refuse to study for lack of a library will most probably continue to do so even though there is a library And those who refuse to do research for lack of a laboratory will most probably continue to do so even though a laboratory is available As long a s you set your mind on studies you will naturally cut down on food and clothing to buy books or do everything possible to acquire necessary instruments Timeis no object Charles Darwin could only work one hour a day due toillhealth Yet what a remarkable man he was If you spend one hour a day reading 10pages of book you can finish more than 3 600 pages ayear and 110 000 pagesin30 years Dear students 110 000 pages will be quite enough to make a learned man of you It will take you one hour to read three tabloids a day and one and a half hours to finish four rounds of mah jong a day Reading tabloids playing mah jong or striving to be a learned man The choice lies with you Henrik Ibsen says It is your supremeduty to cast yourself into a useful implement Farewell Your alma mater is watching eagerly to see what will become of you ten years from now 2 2 快乐的死亡快乐的死亡 陆文夫陆文夫 作家有三种死法 一日自然的死 二日痛苦的死 三日快乐的死 自然的死属于心脏停止跳动 是一种普遍的死亡形式 没有特色 可以略而不议 快乐 的死和痛苦的死不属于心脏停止跳动 是人还活着 作品已经 或几乎是没有了 作家没有了作品 可以看作是个人艺术生命的死亡 职业的停顿 其中有些人是因为年 事已高 力不从心 这不是艺术的死亡 而是艺术的离休 他自己无可自责 社会也会尊重 他在艺术上曾经作出的贡献 痛苦的死亡却不然 即当一个作家的体力和脑力还能胜任何创 作的时候 作品已经没有了 其原因主要是由于各种苦难和折磨 包括自我折磨 所造成 折磨了他的才华 苦难消沉了意志 作为人来说他还活着 作为作家来说却正在或已死去 这种死亡他自己感到痛苦 别人看了心里也很难受 快乐的死亡却很快乐 不仅他自己感到快乐 别人看来也很快乐 昨天看见他大会上做 报告 下面掌声如雷 今天又看见他参加宴会 为这为那地频频举杯 昨天听见他在高朋中 大发议论 语惊四座 今天又听见他在那些开不完的座谈会上重复昨天的意见 昨天看见他 在北京的街头 今天又看见他飞到了广州 只是看不到或很少看到他的作品发表在哪里 我不害怕自然的死 因为害怕也没用 人人不可避免 我也不太害怕痛苦的死 因为那 时代已经过去 我最害怕的就是那快乐的死 毫无痛苦 十分热闹 甚至还有点轰轰烈烈 自己很难控制 即很难控制在一定的范围之中 因为我觉得喝酒不一定完全是坏事 少喝一 点可以舒筋活血 据说对心血管也是有帮助的 作家不能当隐士 适当的社会活动和文学活 动可以开阔眼界 活跃思想 对创作也是有帮助的 可是怎么才能不酗酒 不作酒鬼 这有 益的定量究竟是多少呢 怕只怕三杯下肚 豪情大发 嘟嘟嘟 来个瓶底朝天 而且一顿喝 不上便情绪不高 颇有怨言 甚至会到处去找酒喝 呜呼 快乐地死去 参考译文参考译文 HappyHappyHappyHappy DeathDeathDeathDeath Awriter candiethree kinds of death natural death painful death happy death Natural death caused by the discontinuation of heartbeat is a common form of death with no characteristics of its own and therefore may as well be left out without any comment In the case of happy death and painful death which are not caused by the discontinuation of heartbeat the writer alive as he is has stopped or almost stopped writing When a writer no longer produces any works itis tantamount to the death of his artistic life or the end of his career Some writerslaydown their pens because they are too old to be equal to the task We callitretirement from art rather than death of art They have nothing to blame themselves for And society at large will pay tribute to the contributions they have already made to art Painful death is quite another matter It occurs when a writer abandons writing even though he is still soundinmind and body for the vocation It results mainly from various kinds of sufferings and torments including self inflicted torments Torments ruin histalent while sufferings demoralize him Though still alive as a man he is dying or already dead as a writer This kind of death caused not only much pain to the writer himself but much sadness to other people as well Happy death is a joyful thing bringing happiness to both the writer himself and other people Yesterday we saw him addressing a big meeting amidst thunderous applause and today we saw him attending a banquet drinking nonstop to this and that Yesterday we heard him speaking eloquently at a gathering of distinguished quests to the admiration of the audience and today we heard him repeating himself at one of those endless forums Yesterday we met him on a Beijing street and today we saw him flying to Guangzhou But never or very seldom do we find his new works seeing thelight of day I do not fear natural death for nobody can avoid it hence no use fearing Nor do I fear painful death foritis something belonging to a bygone age What I fear most is happy death which is absolutely painless and full of bustle excitement and even dramatic spectacle It is difficult to exercise self control that is difficult to keep within limit Drinking is to my mind not always bad because a spot of drinking may help blood circulation and is as they say good for heart and blood vessels Being no hermit a writer stand to benefitinwriting as long as he gets properly involved with social and literary activities to widen his field of vision and stimulate his thinking But how can he avoid excessive drinking or becoming a drunkard What is the safety limitinthis respect The pity is after three cups of alcohol he gets wild and unrestrained and ends ingulping down a whole bottle One meal without liquor will upset him and set him complaining and searching around for drink Alas just to end up dying happily 英译中英译中 1 1 1 1 TheTheTheThe ProblemProblemProblemProblemofofofof MankindMankindMankindMankind We must work passionately and indefatigably to bridge the gulf between our scientific progress and our moral progress One of the great problems of mankind is that we suffer from a poverty of the spirit which standsinglaring contrast to our scientific and technological abundance Thericher wehave becomematerially the poorer wehave becomemorally and spiritually Every man livesintwo realms the internal and the external The internal is that realm of spiritual ends expressedinart literature morals and religion The external is that complex of devices techniques mechanisms and instrumentalities by means of which we live Our problem today is that we have allowed the internal to become lostinthe external We have allowed the means by which we live to outdistancethe ends for which welive So much of modern life can be summarizedinthat suggestive phrase of Thoreau Improved means to an unimproved end This is the serious predicament the deep and haunting problem confronting modern man Enlarged material powersspellenlarged perilifthere is not proportionate growth of the soul When the external of man s naturesubjugates theinternal dark storm clouds begin to form Martin Luther King 1929 1968 Where Do WeGo from Here Chaos or Community 参考译文参考译文 人类的问题人类的问题 我们必须热切不倦地努力 以拉近科学发展和道德进步之间的巨大差距 苦于心灵的贫 瘠 是我们人类的一大问题 这与科技的丰足形成了触目惊心的对照 我们在物质上愈是富 足 我们在道德和精神上就愈是贫乏 人人都活在内在与外在这两大领域之中 内在领域即精神领域 以艺术 文学 道德 宗教的方式来呈现 外在领域由我们赖以生存的设备 工艺 机械和工具所组成 我们当今 的问题在于 我们听任内在领域迷失在外在领域之中 听任生存的手段远远超前于生存的目 的 现代生活在诸多方面都可援用梭罗那句启发性的警言来作结论 改善了方法 却未能 改善目标 这就是现代人所遭遇到的一个重大困境 一个严重麻烦的问题 如果心灵没有 跟着一起成长 那么物质力量愈大 所招致的危险也就愈大 一旦人性中的外在力量胜过了 内在力量 乌云暴雨便会开始形成 美国黑人民权领袖马丁 路德 金 我们从这里走向何方 混乱还是社区 2 2 2 2 ThreeThreeThreeThree PassionsPassionsPassionsPassions Three passions simple but overwhelmingly strong have governed my life the longing for love the search for knowledge and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind These passions like great winds have blown me hither and thither ina wayward course over a deep ocean of anguish reaching to thevery vergeof despair I have sought love first becauseitbrings ecstasy ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificedallthe rest of life for a few hours of this joy I have sought it next becauseitrelieves loneliness that terrible lonelinessinwhich one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss I have sought it finally becauseinthe union of love I have seen ina mystic miniature the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined This is what I sought and thoughitmight seem too good for human life this is what at least I have found With equal passion I have sought knowledge I have wished to understand the hearts of men I have wished to know why the stars shine And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway abovethe flux Alittle of this but not much I have achieved Love and knowledge so far as they were possible ledupward the heavens Butalways pity brought me back to earth Echoes of cries of pain reverberateinmy heart Childreninfamine victims tortured by oppressors helpless old people a hated burden to their sons and the whole world of loneliness poverty and pain make a mockery of what human life should be I long to alleviate theevil but I cannot and I too suffer This has been my life I have founditworth living and would gladly liveitagainifthe chancewere offered me Bertrand Russell 1872 1970 Autobiography 参考译文参考译文 三种激情三种激情 有三种单纯却不可挡的激情主宰了我的生活 对爱的渴望 对知识的追求 以及对人类 苦难所怀的难忍怜悯 这些激情犹如狂风 吹得我忽东忽西 行迹不定 飘过深沉的苦海 来到绝望的边缘 我追求过爱 首先是因为它带来狂喜 莫大的狂喜 我常会为了几个小时的这种狂喜 把生活的其他一切都牺牲掉 我追求过爱 再者是因为它能排解寂寞 那种可怕的寂寞 陷入其中 打着哆嗦的知觉会在世界的边缘上 看到冰冷 深不可测 毫无生息的深渊 我 追求过爱 最后是因为在爱的结合之中 在神秘的缩影里 我看到了圣贤和诗人所想像和预 示出的天堂 这就是我所追求的 尽管看似超乎人生的美好 但这就是我 最终 所发 现的 怀着同样的激情 我追求过知识 我希望能够认识人类的心灵 想知道星星为什么会闪 烁 想了解数字支配流变的毕达哥拉斯力量 我在这方面小有成就 但不太多 爱与知识 在可能的情况下 引人向上通往天堂 然而 怜悯总是把我带回尘世 痛苦 的哭泣声在我心里回荡 饥饿的儿童 被压迫者所折磨的苦难者 给子女造成重担的无助老 人 充满孤独 贫困和痛苦的整个世界 嘲讽着人生的应有面貌 我渴望减缓不幸 但我无 能为力 我也同样受苦 这就是我的生命 我发现它是值得活的 如果有机会 我乐意再活一次 英国哲学家罗素 自传 3 3 3 3 BeautyBeautyBeautyBeauty The ancients called beauty the flowering of virtue Who can analyze the nameless charm which glances from one and another face and form We are touched with emotions of tenderness and complacency but we cannot find whereat this dainty emotion this wandering gleam points It is destroyed for the imagination by any attempt to referitto organization Nor doesitpoint to any relations of friendship or love known and describedinsociety but asitseems to me to a quite other and unattainable sphere to relations of transcendent delicacy and sweetness to what roses and violets hint and foreshow We cannot approach beauty Its nature is like opaline doves neck luster hovering and evanescent RalphWaldoEmerson 1803 1882 Essays 参考译文参考译文 美美 古人说 美 是品德之花 瞥视它的容貌样子 谁能说明那种难以言喻的魅力呢 我们 因温和满足之情而动容 但我们无法得知这种恍惚闪光般的雅兴究竟指向何方 如果想把美 整理出个条理 就会破坏了美的想象 美也不在表现社会所说的友谊或爱情的关系 在我看 来 美所呈现的是一个迥然不同且无法企及的领域 指出一种超越性的感觉和甜蜜的关系 说明玫瑰和紫罗兰所暗示或预示的是什么 我们无法接近美 美的本质犹如鸽子颈项上的乳 白光泽 飘忽即逝 美国散文家 哲学家及诗人爱默生 文集 4 4 4 4 TheTheTheThe BelovedBelovedBelovedBeloved Now the beloved can also be of any description The most outlandish people can be the stimulus for love Aman may be a doddering great grandfather and still love only a strange girl he sawinthe streets of Cheehaw one afternoon two decades past The preacher may love a fallen woman The beloved may be treacherous greasy handed and given to evil habits Yes and the lover may see this as