2017中考英语知识点：不定式（一）.doc

2017中考英语知识点：不定式（一） 2017中考英语知识点：不定式（一）动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为”to+动词原形”，to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。动词不定式具有两大特点：1.具有动词的特点，因此，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。下面以近几年全国部分省市的中考英语试题为例，对不定式的难点以及它在中考英语中的考查点，作一简要的总结和分析，供同学们学习时参考。一、动词不定式作主语1.Itsour duty _ the room every day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D.cleans(甘肃省)2. Its hard for us _ English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D.learning(江西省)3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。It will _ the workers over a year _ _ the flyover.(北京市海淀区)4.Itsvery nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.A. for，of B. of，for C. to，for D. of，to(安徽省)Keys：1. A 2. C 3. take，to，build 4. B简析动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(1)It is +形容词(ofsb)to dosth.(2)It is +名词(forsb)to dosth.(3)It takessbsome time to dosth.(4)It is +形容词(forsb)to dosth.句式(1)中常用nice，kind，clever，good，right，wrong，foolish，careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质;句式(4)中常用hard，difficult，easy，important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。二、动词不定式作宾语1. He wants _ some vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省)2. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省)3. He found it very difficult _.A. sleeping B.sleepsC.sleptD. to fall asleep (湖南省)Keys：1. C 2.A 3.D简析在want，like，agree，hope，wish，learn，begin，start，seem，decide，hate，choose，forget，remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。三、动词不定式作宾语补足语1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. helphimB. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with (江苏省)2.MrLi often teaches his Japanesefriends_ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked (甘肃省)Key：1. B 2. C简析不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask，teach，expect，tell，allow等。四、动词不定式作状语1. She went _ her teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西省)2.Meimeilikes English very much. She does her best _ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns (四川省)Key：1. A 2. C简析go，come，try，do / try ones best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。3. Im sorry _ that.A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear (河北省)4. Im sorry _ you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled (吉林省)5. My mother was very glad _ her old friend.A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets (甘肃省)Keys：3. D 4.B 5.A简析”be +形容词+ to dosth”结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。6. The panda is so fat that it cant go through the hole.(改为意思相同的句子)Thehole_ _ _ _ such a fat panda to go through. (广东省)7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldnt skate on it. (改为意思相同的句子)The ice on the lake wasnt _ enough _ people _ _ _. (广东省)Keys：6. is，too，small，for 7. thick，for，to，skate，on简析在上述”too +形容词/副词(forsb)to do”(太而不能)和”enough (forsb) to do”(足以、足够做)结构中，不定式作结果状语。五、动词不定式作定语1. Would you like something _?A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks (湖北省)2. I have a lot of homework _.A. do B. doing C. did D. to do (河南省)3. He is not an easy man _.A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (山东省)Key：1. C 2.D 3.D简析不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系;如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。六、不带to的动词不定式1. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs.A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered (河南省)2. So much work usually makes them _ very tired.A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel (吉林省)3. Your father is sleeping. Youd better _.A. not wake up him B. not to wake up himC. not wake him up D. not to wake him up (陕西省)4. I was made _ my homework in the afternoon.A. do B. doing C. to do D. did (贵州省)Key：1. B 2.D 3.C 4.C简析1.在see，watch，hear，feel等感官动词和make，have，let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.但是在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式要带to(let没有被动语态)。2.在”had better”后面接不带to的不定式。七、动词不定式的否定形式1.MrBlack asked the man _ the queue.A. not to jump B. to not jump C. didnt jump D. not jump (广西壮族自治区)2. The old man told the child _ noisy.A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not (湖北省)3. There is going to _ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try _ late.A. have，not to be B. have，not beC. be，not to be D. be，not be (内蒙古自治区)Key：1. A 2.B 3.C简析动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not，如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.八、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别1. Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired.A. to have B. having C. have D. has (广西壮族自治区)2. Whydidnt you buy some bread on your way home?Sorry, I forgot _ some money with me.A. take B. taking C. to take D. took (湖北省)3. Letshave a rest, shall we?Notnow, I cant stop _ the letters.A.writeB. to write C. writing D. and write (湖北省)4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop _ (walk). (用所给单词的正确形式填空)(四川省)Key：1. A 2.C 3.C 4.walking简析一些常见的动词后面接不定式和接动词的-ing形式的区别如下：”stop to dosth”意为”停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事”，”stop doingsth”意为”停止正在做的事”：”remember to dosth”意为”记住去做某事”(事还未做)，”remember doingsth”意为”记得做过某事”(事已做)：”go on to dosth”意为”接着做某事”(做完一事，接着做另一事)，”go on doingsth”意为”继续做某事”(一事未做完接着往下做)：”forget to dosth”意为”忘了做某事”(事还未做)，”forget doingsth”意为”忘了曾做过某事”(事已做)。5. When I was walking in the street I saw a plane _ over my head.A. flies B. flying C. flew D. to fly (福建省)6. A woman saw it _ when she was walking past.A. happen B.happensC. happening D. to happen (黑龙江省)Key：5. B 6. A简析在see，hear，watch，feel等感官动词后面可接不带to的不定式，也可接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，用不定式表示动作的全过程(动作已结束)，用动词的-ing形式表示动作正在进行(动作尚未结束)。九、动词不定式的省略及其符号to的保留1. Would you like to go to the cinema with us?Yes, _. What time are we going to meet?A. I would B. I would like C. I like to D. Id like to (浙江省)2. Would you like to go for a picnic with us?_. What time are we going to meet?A. No, I cant B. Yes, Im glad C. Yes, Id love to D. Id like (大连市)Keys：1. D 2. C简析在口语中，动词不定式中的动词或短语动词在上下文中重复出现时，第二个动词不定式可以省略，但是to不可省略。这种用法常见于”be glad to”，”would like (love) to”，”have to”等结构中。十、动词不定式