2013年高考真题上海卷英语（详解版）.doc

更多精品资料请访问：2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试【上海卷】II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section ASection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. answer that best completes the25. Im looking for a nearby place for my holiday. Any good idea? How about the Moon Lake? It is _ easy reach of the city.A. byB. beyondC. withinD. from25. 答案：C解析：本题四个选项都为常见介词，A. by表“通过；经由；在附近；在之前”；B. beyond表“超过；在的那一边”；C. within表“在之内”；D. from表“来自；从起”。由题干中的关键信息a nearby place可知，要推荐离城市不远的地方度假。而短语介词within easy reach of意思是“在附近，距离不远”，所以为正确选项。本题句意为：“我在寻找附近的地方度假。有什么好主意吗？月亮湖怎么样？离城市不远的”。26. Those who smoke heavily should remind _ of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other people.A. theirsB. themc themselvesD. oneself26. 答案：C解析：本题四个选项为常见代词。A. theirs为名词性物主代词，相当于their+名词，意为“他们的”；B. them是人称代词they的宾格，意为“他们”；C. themselves为反身代词，意为“他们自己”；D. oneself为反身代词，意为“自己；自身”。本题题意为：“那些烟瘾很大的人应该提醒自己注意健康，难闻的气味以及他人的感受”。句中的those和other people为关键信息词，既然要顾及他人感受，自然要时刻提醒自己，而those的反身代词为“他们自己”，即themselves。27. Bob called to tell his mother that he couldnt enter the house, for he _ his key at school.A. had leftB. would leaveC. was leavingD. has left27. 答案：A解析：题干意思是：鲍伯打电话给他的妈妈说他不能进房子，因为他把钥匙忘在学校了。本句中的called标明动作发生在过去，而在电话之前忘记拿钥匙，所以应用had left表示过去的过去的动作。28. Its a _ clock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century.A. charming French smallB. French small charmingC. small French charmingD. charming small French28. 答案：D解析：题干的意思是：“这是一个迷人的法国小时钟，由黄铜做成，可以追溯到十九世纪”。选项中是三个形容词的不同排序。当名词中心词带有两个或两个以上形容词作前置修饰语时，顺序往往与汉语不同。可记住这句口诀：县官行令杀国才（“县”限定词，“官”表人们观点的词，“行”表大小、长短、高低、形状的词，“令”表年龄、新旧的词，“杀”即“色”表颜色的词，“国”国籍、出处，“才”材料）。根据口诀顺序，选项中的三个形容词，charming是主观评价即观点，small是大小，而French是产地即出处，因此判断D为正确选项。29. The school board is made up of parents who _ to make decisions about school affairs.A. had been electedB. had electedC. have been electedD. have elected29. 答案：C解析：题干的意思是：“这个学校董事会是由已经当选，并为学校事务做决定的父母组成的”。父母是被选上，用被动语态，排除选项B，D。再根据关键信息is made up of用的是现在时，可知选举一事对现在有影响，所以用现在完成时。30. They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, _ they might have.A. however difficultB. how difficultC. whatever difficultyD. what difficulty30. 答案：C解析：题干的意思是：“他们承诺，无论可能有什么困难，到今年底都要开发出一个软件包”。本题是一个主从复合句，由句意“无论”可知是让步状语从句，从而排除选项B，D。从句中的关键词是实义动词have，用还原法，可知是短语have difficulty，所以从句为whatever difficulty they might have。如果选B，则从句要改为：however difficult it might be。31. The judge gave no hint of what they thought, so I left the room really _.A. to be worriedB. to worryC. having worriedD. worried31. 答案：D解析：题干的意思是：“法官们没有暗示他们的想法，所以，我满怀担心的离开了房间”。本句中，需要一个形容词说明主语的状态，语法上叫做“主语补足语”。只有选项D. worried是形容词，可以修饰主语。其他三个选项都是非谓语动词的不同形式，都不对。32. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity _ society of real-life experience.A. exploreB. to exploreC. exploringD. explored32. 答案：B解析：题干的意思是：“学生们在盼望着有一个去探索社会，获得现实生活经验的机会”。本题中，动词不定式作opportunity的后置定语。可以直接记住搭配：have an opportunity to do sth.（有做的机会）。33. I have no idea _ the cell phone isnt working, so could you fix it for me?A. whatB. whyC. if D. which33. 答案：B解析：分析句子结构，_ the cellphone isnt working解释说明了idea，是同位语从句。从句中，work是不及物动词，所以不缺少宾语，因此可以排除what和which。此外，if不可以引导同位语从句，从而排除。再结合题意：“我不知道为什么手机不工作了，你帮我修一下好吗？”可见why正确。34. Young people may risk _ deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone34. 答案：C解析：题干的意思是：“年轻人如果每天都接触非常嘈杂的音乐，就可能有失聪的危险”。因为risk后用动名词做宾语，先排除A，B。D选项having gone完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，显然不对，只是有可能失聪，并未发生。35. Sophia got an e-mail _ her credit card account number.A. asking forB. ask forC. asked forD. having asked for35. 答案：A解析：题干的意思是：“索菲亚收到了一封向她索要信用卡账号的电子邮件”。分析句子结构，_ her credit card account number做后置定语，修饰an e-mail。ask for和an e-mail构成主动关系，所以用现在分词形式，相当于定语从句which asked for her credit card account number。36. I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise _ I am sitting.A. beforeB. untilC. unlessD. where36. 答案：D解析：本题四个选项都为常见状语从句引导词，A. before引导时间状语从句，“在之前”；B. until引导时间状语从句，“直到为止”；C. unless引导条件状语从句，“除非，如果不”；D. where引导地点状语从句，“在的地方”。本题句意为：“我不能很清楚地听见教授所讲，因为在我坐的地方，有太多的噪音”。显然这里是指我所坐的地方太吵，导致我听不清。37. _ at the photos, illustrations, title and headings and you can guess what the reading is about.A. To lookB. LookingC. Having lookedD. Look37. 答案：D解析：题干的意思是：“看照片，插图和标题，你可以猜出这个阅读是关于什么”。题干中的关键信息词是并列连词and，本句中and连接两个并列成分。and后面是一个句子，所以与之并列的就一定是句子，只有D选项是动词原形，可以构成祈使句。其他选项都只是非谓语动词，不可以直接构成句子。38. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area _ interact with one another.A. thatB. whereC. whoD. what38. 答案：A解析：题干的意思是：“生态系统是由一个区域里相互作用的生物和非生物构成的”。分析句子结构，_ interact with one another是定语从句，先行词是the living and nonliving things，通过还原法可知，先行词在从句中作主语，不是人，所以用that。务必记住：what不可引导定语从句。39. Among the crises that face humans _ the lack of natural resources.A. isB. areC. is thereD. are there39. 答案：A解析：题干的意思是：“缺乏自然资源是人类所面临的危机之一”。根据介词短语不可以做主语的原则，可判断出这是一个倒装句，主语为the lack of natural resources，中心词为lack，所以用单数的is。这是典型的“主系表”倒装为“表系主”，介词短语among the crises that face humans做表语。40. Some people care much about their appearance and always ask if they look fine in _ they are wearing.A. thatB. whatC. howD. which40. 答案：B解析：题干的意思是：“有些人太过在意外表，总是问穿着身上的衣服，自己是否看起来不错”。分析句子结构，_ they are wearing是介词in后的宾语从句。根据三句话原则：what引导名词性从句（宾语从句），在从句中做wear的宾语，指代非人（穿的是衣服，自然不是人），判断选what。Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. restore B. recall C. processing D. previously E. necessaryF. locating G. instead H. fascinating I. elsewhere J. compositionAs infants, we can recognize our mothers within hours of birth. In fact, we can recognize the _41_ of our mothers face well before we can recognize her body shape. Its 42 how the brain can carry out such a function at such a young age, especially since we dont learn to walk and talk until we are over a year old. By the time we are adults, we have the ability to distinguish around 100,000 faces. How can we remember so many faces when many of us find it difficult to 43 such a simple thing as a phone number? The exact process is not yet fully understood, but research around the world has begun to define the specific areas of the brain and processes 44 for facial recognition.Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology believe that they have succeeded in 45 a specific area of the brain called the fusiform face area (FFA), which is used only for facial recognition. This means that recognition of familiar objects such our clothes or cars, is from 46 in the brain. Researchers also have found the brain needs to see the whole face for recognition to take place. It had been 47 thought that we only needed to see certain facial features. Meanwhile, research at University College London has found that facial recognition is not a single process, but 48 involves three steps. The first step appears to be an analysis of the physical features of a persons face, which is similar to how we scan the bar codes of our groceries. In the next step, the brain decides whether the face we are looking at is already known or unknown to us. And finally, the brain furnishes the information we have collected about the person whose face we are looking at. This complex 49 is done in a split second so that we can behave quickly when reacting to certain situations.41. J 42. H 43. B 44. E 45. F 46. I 47. D 48. G 49. C Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up their markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is: Is economic globalization 50 for all?According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce 51 in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth 52 to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration (融合）of local economies into the world economy. Home to some three billion people, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes 53 at an average rate of five percentcompared to two percent in developed countries.Those who 54 globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses. 55 , small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in 56 open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually 57 gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually. 58 from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind. 59 , they maintain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to 60 their products may soon face fierce competition that could put them out of 61 . When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to 62 and will be crowded out.One thing is certain about Globalizationthere is no 63 . Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The 64 now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all.50. A. possibleB. smoothC. goodD easy51. A. crimeB. povertyC. conflictD. population52. A. contributingB. respondingC. turningD owing53. A. remainB. dropC. shiftD. increase54. A. doubtB. defineC advocateD. ignore55. A. In additionB. For instanceC. in other wordsD. All in all56. A. matureB. newC. localD. foreign57. A. findingB. exploringC. bridgingD. widening58. A. sufferedB. profitedC. learnedD. withdrawn59. A. FurthermoreB. thereforeC. HoweverD. Otherwise60. A. consumeB. deliverC. export D. advertise61. A. troubleB. businessC powerD. mind62. A. keep upB. come inC. go around D. help out63. A. taking offB. getting aloneC. holding outD. turning back64. A. agreementB. predictionC. outcomeD. challengeSection A定文体抓主旨本文是一篇议论文，先提出问题：全球化经济化到底有益吗？然后列出了两种相反的观点，最后总结。本文设题相当巧妙，基本上所有的空都是根据上下文联系才能找到答案，突出了语篇概念。篇章结构：段落关键词大意推测第一部分（para.1）opened up their marketsIs economic globalization good for all?提出问题：开放市场；全国化对所有人有好处吗？第二部分（para.2-4）supporters; reduce poverty; Critics take a different view主体部分：支持者认为它可以减少贫穷；批评者持相反的观点第三部分（para.5）an interconnected world； create a kind of globalization结论：这是一个互相联系的世界，全球化对所有人有利。50. 答案：C解析：第一段是主旨段，由第二段句首的has helped reduce、第三段句首的will benefit from可知这是讲经济全球化的好处，结合第四段句首的Critics take a different view可知这讲弊端，最后一段照应首段，尤其末段的for the benefit of all。由此可见这句句意：经济全球化对所有人有好处吗？51. 答案：B。解析：由后句的increased wealth可知本句说的是经济全球化增加了财富，也就是减少了贫穷现象。52. 答案：A解析：句意为：它引用了一项研究，该研究显示了在24个发展中国家，由于将当地经济融合进世界经济中，增长的财富促进了教育的改进和寿命的延长。contribute to促进；导致。respond to对作出回应；turn to求助于；owing to由于。53. 答案：D解析：由前句所说的财富的增加，这里应该是收入的增长。54. 答案：C解析：由本句中的will benefit from可知这是说全国化经济的好处。句意为：赞成全球化的人说发展中国家的经济将受益于小型和本国企业得到的新机遇。55. 答案：B解析：前句笼统说到home-based businesses，本句说到巴西的农民，可见这是举例论证前面的论点。考生记住：“主题句+支撑句”是英语议论文常规模式。56. 答案：C解析：由本句中的now worldwide可见这是进行了今昔对比，现在在全球市场内销售，那么过去只能在本地的露天市场。57. 答案：D解析：由后句中的the poorhave been left behind.可知贫富差距在扩大，故widen（扩大）合适。find找到；explore开发；bridge弥合。58. 答案：B解析：本句是说只有一部分发展中国家实际上受益于融合进世界经济，根据后面的the poor, unskilled可知这是对比。解题关键是抓住only一词。59. 答案：A解析：前面说全球化会导致贫富差距扩大，然后又说全球化会威胁新出现的市场。可见这是一种递进关系。furthermore而且；therefore因此；however但是；otherwise否则。60. 答案：C解析：本句是说受益于全球化经济的印度手工业者们本来会出口产品，现在很快就会面临激烈的竞争。这里的soon就暗示了前后是一个对比关系。61. 答案：B解析：本句前面说面临激烈的竞争，然后说竞争会让他们失业。out of business失业；out of trouble摆脱麻烦；out of power丧失权力的；out of mind心不在焉，忘却。62. 答案：A解析：本句是说像沃尔玛等大型超市的到来，这些小企业将无能维持下去并将被排挤出局。尤其要注意and后的be crowded out，所填的词应该和它是并列关系。63. 答案：D解析：结合下句所说：科技的进步和更加开放的政策的结合已经创造了一个相互联系的世界。故可推断本句以为全球化不可逆转，即没有回头路。turn back回头，符合句意。64. 答案：D解析：文章综合了对全球化的不同观点，最后说到目前的难题是找到一个可行的方法。agreement协议；prediction预测；outcome结果；challenge挑战，难题。Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is Followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)For some people, music is no fun at all. About four percent of the population is what scientists call “amusic.” People who are amusic are born without the ability to recognize or reproduce musical notes (音调). Amusic people often cannot tell the difference between two-songs. Amusics can only hear the difference between two notes if they are far apart on the musical scale.As a result, songs sound like noise to an amusic. Many amusics compare the sound of music to pieces of metal hitting each other. Life can be hard for amusics. Their ability to enjoy music sets them apart from others. It can be difficult for other people to identify with their condition. In fact, most people cannot begin to grasp what it feels like to be amusic. Just going to a restaurant or a shopping mall can be uncomfortable or even painfull. That is why many amusics intentionally stay away from places where there is music. However, this can result in withdrawal and social isolation. “I used to hate parties,” says Margaret, a seventy-year-old woman who only recently discovered that she was amusic. By studying people like Margaret, scientists are finally learning how to identify this unusual condition.Scientists say that the brains of amusics are different from the brains of people who can appreciate music. The difference is complex, and it doesnt involve defective hearing. Amusics can understand other nonmusical sounds well. They also have no problems understanding ordinary speech. Scientists compare amusics to people who just cant see certain colors.Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed (诊断). For years. Margaret felt embarrassed about her problem with music. Now she knows that she is not alone. There is a name for her condition. That makes it easier for her to explain. “When people invite me to a concert I just say. “No thanks. Im amusic,”* says Margaret. “I just wish I had learned to say that when I was seventeen and not seventy.”65. Which of (he following is true of amusics?A. Listening to music is far from enjoyable for them.B. They love places where they are likely to hear music.C. They can easily tell two different songs apart.D. Their situation is well understood by musicians.66. According to paragraph 3, a person with “defective hearing” is probably one who _ .A. dislikes listening to speechesB. can hear anything nonmusicalC. has a hearing problemD. lacks a complex hearing system67. In the last paragraph, Margaret express that _ .A. her problem with music had been diagnosed earlierB. she were seventeen years old rather than seventyC. her problem could be easily explainedD. she were able to meet other amusics68. What is the passage mainly concerned with?A. Amusics strange behaviours. B. Some peoples inability to enjoy music.C. Musical talent and brain structure. D. Identification and treatment of amusics.【语篇解析】这是一篇说明文，讲述了一群特殊的人amusic（没有乐感的人），对他们而言，音乐如同噪音一般，没有任何乐趣。没有欣赏音乐的能力给他们的生活带来了诸多不便，不过，令人高兴的是，他们的这种状况目前已得到诊断，他们的大脑与能够欣赏音乐的人的大脑有所不同，而且这种差异很复杂。段落关键词、句大意推测第一部分（Para. 1）no fun at all;four percent of population;without the ability;recognize or reproduce musical notes;cannot tell the difference界定amusic没有乐感的人：没有丝毫乐趣；4%的人口；没有能力；辨别或重现乐调；不能辨别出区别第二部分（Para. 2）like noise;apart from others;difficult for other people to identify with;result in withdrawal and social isolation没有乐感给他们的生活带来的艰辛：像噪音；远离他人；对其他人而言很难去认同；导致退出与社会孤立第三部分（Para. 3-4）are different from;complex;doesnt involve defective hearing;is finally diagnosed;makes it easier for her to explain症状终于得以诊断：与不同；复杂；与听力障碍无关;终于确诊；对她来说解释起来容易多了65答案：A解析:细节理解题。根据“That is why many amusics intentionally stay away from places where there is music”（那就是许多没有乐感的人有意地远离有音乐的地方的原因），由此可以排除B项“他们喜爱很可能听到音乐的地方”。根据“Amusic people often cannot tell the difference between two songs”（没有乐感的人经常不能说出两首歌曲的不同）排除C项“他们能很容易地区别出两首歌”。根据文中“It can be difficult for other people to identify with their condition”（对于其他人来说，认同他们会很难），因此排除D项“音乐家们很理解他们的境况”。最后根据文章的第一句For some people, music is no fun at all.About four percent of the population is what scientists call amusic（对于一些人来说，音乐对他们说没有任何乐趣而言），可知A项“听音乐对他们来说完全不是愉快的”为正确答案。66. 答案：C解析：判断推理题。根据关键词defective hearing定位第三段，根据“and it doesnt involve defective hearing. Amusics can understand other nonmusical sounds well. They also have no problems understanding ordinary speech. Scientists compare amusics to people who just cant see certain colors”（它与听力障碍无关。没有乐感的人能够很好地理解其他非音乐的声音。对于普通的演讲理解起来也没任何问题。科学家们把没有乐感的人比作不能看见某些颜色的人），由此排除A 项“不喜欢听演讲的人”；B项“能听到任何非音乐的声音”以及D项“缺乏一个复杂的听力系统”。锁定答案C项“有听力障碍的”。67. 答案：A解析：细节判断题。根据关键词last paragraph，定位最后一段，找到Margaret说的那句话“I just wish I had learned to say that when I was seventeen and not seventy”（我只是希望我十七岁而不是七十岁的时候学会说那句话啊），这是一个虚拟语气的句子，可以看出Margaret说这句话的时候，已经七十岁了，因此排除B项“她十七了而不是七十了”，同时也排除C项“她的问题很好解释”；选项D“她能见到其他的没有乐感的人”从Margaret的愿望中，我们看不出这个意思了，因此排除D项。所以正确答案是A项。68. 答案:B解析：主旨大意题。要准确深刻地理解一篇文章，则