2级采购战略导论试卷.doc

THE CHARTERED INSTITUTE OF PURCHASING & SUPPLY英国皇家采购与供应学会ADVANCED CERTIFICATE IN PURCHASING AND SUPPLY UNIT 7 采购与供应高级证书第七单元19 May 2004 2004年5月19日，14:00 17:00准考证号(Candidate Number): .考试中心(Examination Centre): .An Introduction to Purchasing Strategy采购战略导论Answers should be written onto this answer booklet in the spaces provided. 问题17-19需要详细回答，并在合适处举例说明。建议每个问题回答时间不少于30分钟Questions 1719 require full answers with examples where appropriate. You are advised to spend a minimum of half an hour on each question. 考试时间：3小时（Time allowed: 3 hours）A部分（SECTION A）1至10题为选择题，请在方框内打勾选择一项正确答案。本部分的建议答题时间为40分钟。Questions 1-10 are multiple choice questions. For each question, tick ONE correct answerin the box provided. You are advised to spend approximately 40 minutes on this section.1. 公司战略主要关心下面哪一点？ （2 分）Corporate strategy is mainly concerned with which of the following? (2 marks)a) 取得最高的股价（Achieving maximum share price）b) 取得足够的竞争优势（Achieving sustainable competitive advantage）c) 达到产品量的平衡（Achieving a balanced product portfolio）d) 达到最大的运营效率（Achieving maximum operational efficiency.）2. 下面哪一点最好地描述了竞争环境的一种分析技术？ （2 分）Which of the following best describes a technique for analysing the competitiveenvironment? (2 marks)a) 方案计划（Scenario planning）b) 均衡分析（Portfolio analysis）c) 五力分析（Five forces analysis）d) PEST 分析（PEST analysis.）3. 公司战略决策最关心的是下面的哪一点？ （2 分）Corporate strategic decisions are most concerned with which of the following? (2 marks)a) 未来活动的融资（The financing of future activities）b) 企业活动的范围（The scope of the organisations activities）c) 详细的运营计划（The detailed planning of operations）d) 企业产品的营销（The marketing of an organisations products.）4. 组织的首要目的要与其利益相关者的期望和价值相一致，下面哪一个术语最好地描述了这一点？ （2 分）Which of the following terms best describes the overriding purpose of an organisation in linewith the values and expectations of its stakeholders? (2 marks)a) 董事长的声明（Chairmans statement）b) 价值陈述（Value statement）c) 使命陈述（Mission statement）d) 政策说明（Policy statement.）5. 下面哪一个是商业组织的非直接职能？ （2 分）Which of the following is an indirect function of a business organisation? (2 marks)a) 制造（Production）b) 采购和供应（Purchasing and supply）c) 销售和营销（Sales and marketing）d) 财务（Finance.）6. 在新产品开发的哪一个阶段可能产生最大的潜在成本节约？ （2 分）Which of the following stages in new product development is likely to yield the greatestpotential cost savings? (2 marks)a) 制造（Production）b) 测试（Testing）c) 概念设计（Conceptual design）d) 详细设计（Detailed design.）7. 下面哪一点最好地描述了价值分析研究中的“思考”阶段？ （2 分）Which of the following best describes the speculation phase of a value analysis study?(2 marks)a) 开发可行的解决方案来评估可行性和成本（Workable solutions are developed to assess feasibility and cost）b) 潜在解决方案的可行性和成本根据评估标准评定等级（Feasibility and cost of potential solutions are ranked against evaluation criteria）c) 需要非常大的努力和仔细的计划来克服阻力（Significant effort and careful planning are required to overcome resistance）d) 目标部门被系统地审视以确定它们的必要性（Target functions are systematically reviewed to establish their necessity.）8. 下面哪一点最好地描述了支出很高且内部的和或供应市场的风险也很高的物品？（2 分）Which of the following best describes items that involve high expenditure and where theinternal and/or supply market risk is also high? (2 marks)a) 瓶颈物品（Bottleneck items）b) 关键物品（Critical items）c) 日常物品（Routine items）d) 杠杆物品（Leverage items.）9. 下面哪一点是将来持续供应的最好迹象？ （2 分）Which of the following presents the best indication of future continuity of supply? (2 marks)a) 供应商的位置（Supplier location）b) 资金流动性（Financial liquidity）c) 技术革新（Technical innovation）d) ISO9001 认证（ISO 9001 certification.）10. 下面哪一点最好地描述了总前置期？Which of the following best describes total lead time? (2 marks)a) 从产生需要到满足该需要的时间（The time from when a need arises to the time at which the need is satisfied）b) 从下订单到将货物运到仓库的时间（The time from when an order is placed to the time at which the goods arriveat the warehouse）c) 从采购部门接到需求到用户拿到产品的时间（The time from when a requisition is received by the purchasing departmentto the time when the user collects the goods）d) 从产生需求到财务部门收到货物发票的时间（The time from when a need arises to the time an invoice for the goods isreceived by the finance department.）1116题是简答题，每一个5分。建议你用50分钟来回答这个部分。Questions 11-16 are short answer questions worth 5 marks each. You are advised to spendapproximately 50 minutes on this section.11. 列出可能增加竞争优势的五个主要领域。（5 分）List FIVE key areas that could contribute to competitive advantage. (5 marks)12. 列出在制造过程中发现质量瑕疵的五个影响。（5 分）List FIVE effects of quality defects found during the production process. (5 marks)13. a) 简单描述JIT 的任何两个好处。（2 分）Briefly describe any TWO benefits of JIT. (2 marks)b) 说明实施JIT 的三点要求。（3 分）State THREE requirements for JIT implementation. (3 marks)14. 列出产品多样化（产品扩散）的五种成本（5 分）List FIVE costs of product proliferation. (5 marks)15. 画图来说明战略形成的五个阶段。（5 分）Construct a diagram to illustrate the FIVE stages of strategy formation. (5 marks)16. 画图并在图上标明显示，在一般库存控制的情况下如何用帕累托原理识别出战略产品。（5 分）Construct and label a diagram to show how the application of the Pareto principle may beused to identify strategic items in a typical stock control situation. (5 marks)1719 题要求有例子的完整答案。建议你每道题至少花费半个小时。Questions 17-19 require full answers with examples where appropriate. You are advised tospend a minimum of half an hour on each question.17案例分析Sam Serif 在1992 年用他自己的资金和银行贷款建立了Gargantuan Print 公司。这使得他可以在英格兰西南部的乡下有一间自己的小工场并实现自己的梦想。利用他的机械培训知识，他发展了高速打印机的想法，打印速度很高且质量很好，而同时对操作人员的技术要求不高。他最后通过使用新材料和一些非常聪明的电子控制系统获得了成功。投放市场后，打印机在专业的高质量的打印市场获得了很高的市场渗透，公司也成长得相当快。虽然市场很好，销售额也稳定，但利润率正在下降。Sam 最近任命的财务经理审查公司后发现了一些问题。下面是一份最近董事会记录的摘要。“销售额是稳定的，但是由于成本的增加利润正在减少。除非我们控制这些成本，否则公司将会失败。我们需要处理几个大方面。竞争者正在开始拷贝我们的技术理念，我们对主要产品的开发提供财务支持势在必行，以保持或提高我们在市场的地位。目前机器的产品生命周期正要走进衰退阶段。存货过多。主要的生产用货品短缺，但有相当多的货品却几个月也没有动过。存货放得很不整齐，生产人员经常要翻来翻去才能找到合适的货品。负责为很多供应商打印和寄送采购订单的职员说，一些供应商建议机器使用不同的材料和部件，但是她不知道如何回答这些建议。生产部门负责物料请购的工程师报告说他没有与供应商沟通的机会。职员还反映说有一些国外的供应商提供的部件报价比英国本地供应商的价格要低很多。董事会同意要采取紧急行动，第一步，指定你为公司的采购经理。”任务作为采购经理，解释为了降低成本你将要在下面领域采取的行动：a) 采购（10 分）b) 存货控制（10 分）CASE STUDYSam Serif founded Gargantuan Print in 1992 using his own money, together with a bank loan. This enabled him to occupy a small workshop in rural south west England and follow his dream.Using his engineering training he has developed his idea of a high speed printing machine which requires the minimum amount of skill from the operator while producing at very high speeds and achieving an excellent quality print finish. This he has finally achieved using new materials and some very clever electronic control systems.Since its launch, the printing machine has gained a high market penetration in the specialist high quality print market and the company has grown considerably.Although the market is buoyant and sales are steady, profitability is falling. Sams recently appointed financial director, having conducted a review of the business has identified a number of problems. The following is an edited extract from the minutes of a recent board meeting.Sales are steady but profits are being eroded by increasing costs, unless we get these costs under control the company will fail. We need to tackle several major areas.Competition is starting to copy our technical ideas and this makes it imperative that we create the finance for essential product development to maintain or improve our position in the market place. The product life cycle for the current machine is about to go into the decline phase.Stocks are unnecessarily high. We seem to run short of essential items for production yet we have a considerable number of items that have not moved for months. The stores are untidy and the production staff often have to rummage around in there to locate the right items.The clerk who types and sends the many purchase orders to a large number of different suppliers says that some of them have made suggestions about using different materials and components in the machines but she doesnt know how to respond to these ideas. The engineer who heads up the production department and who places requisitions for materials reports that he doesnt get time to talk to suppliers. The clerk also says that suppliers from abroad have written to offer components at considerably cheaper prices than some of our UK suppliers.The board agreed that urgent action should be taken and, as a first step, have appointed you as purchasing manager for the comp