8-11 阅读理解猜词技巧.doc

Reading Attack SkillUsing Context Clues for Word Meanings:Context Clue I: Definition1. The harbor is protected by a jetty-a wall built out into the water.2. Jane is indecisive, that is, she cant make up her mind.3. The purpose of the campaign was to catch ringers, students who take tests for other students.Context Clue II: Restatement1. He had a wan look. He was so pale and weak that we thought he was ill.2. Carbon monoxide（CO）is a noxious gas which can cause death.3. I am a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I wont give it up easily.Context Clue III: General Knowledge1. The door wa so low that I hit my head on the lintel.2. Mark got on the motorbike, I sat behind him on the pillion, and we roard off in to the night.3. We have found that no one in the freshmen class add, multiply, substract or divide simple sums. Therefore, we are setting up a special remedial arithmetic course, 4. She read my letter slowly to the end and then tore it to shreds.Context Clue IV: Related Information1. She went to school for 12 years and she cant write a sentence? They made an illiterate out of my daughter.2. Timken was now angry Once again flew into a rage.3. Just before the exam Carls hands shook and sweated so much that he could not hold a pen. His heart beat fast and his stomach ached. Even though he knew the subject well. He really had a strange phobia about taking tests.Context Clue V: Examples1. Select any of these periodicals: Time, Newsweek, Readers Digest or The New Yorker.2. She is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye.3. They had been putting in place the tools of my new business: currycomb, brush, pitchfork - everything Context Clue VI: Comparison1. The snow was falling. Big flakes drifted with the wind like feathers.2. The hot-air balloon taook off. It was as buoyant in the air as a cork in water.Context Clue VII: Contrast1. Jane was talking with others while Eliza remained reticent all the time.2. Most of us agreed; however, Bill dissented.3. Peter was not frugal since he spent money so freely.Make a guess:1. Being a good, docile son I didnt argue with them2. Their friends laughed at them, and my sisters felt wretched, very unhappy.3. My parents usual arguments only made her more inconsolable. Nothing they said made her feel any better.4. my parents went out and got a new TV. That afternoon an antenna was put on the roof.5. I thought they were old-fashioned, thinking too much of old ways and ideas.6. I has an enormous, a very powerful, influence on our lives.7. This is an unanswerable question indeed: It is hard enough to measure influence; it is even harder to decide what is good and what isnt.Using Word Part Clues for Word Meanings:1. unforeseeable 2. discontinuous3. extraordinarily4. superstructral5. incomprehensibleness6. unemplopyment7. unforgivable1. un-fore-see-able 2. dis-continu-ous3. extra-ordinari-ly4. super-structur-al5. in-com-pre-hen-sible-ness6. un-emplopy-ment7. un-forgiv-able阅读理解猜词技巧大学英语六级考试阅读理解部分占总分的40。本部分所分配的时间是35分钟，要阅读四段文章，回答20多个选择题，平均做完每段文章的时间只有875分钟，既要速度快，又要能理解文章的意思，还要能捕捉答题所需信息。而理解的主要障碍是生词，命题者尽管是按照大纲规定的词汇范围命题，对超纲词汇用汉语注出，但对应试者个人来说，仍然还会遇到不少的生词，尤其是那些影响对整篇文章理解的生词。生词不仅对考生是一个拦路虎，而且给考生增加了精神压力。为了突破这一难关，争取高分通过考试，考生必须学会和运用科学的猜词技巧和方法。本文从以下八方面谈谈阅读理解的猜词技巧（词缀法除外）： 一、根据上下文线索猜词。某些生词的意义可以利用已知词汇的信息和未知词汇信息之间的联系以及生词前后的表述的启发，弄清其意义。如： 例1：Afteradayofhunting，HaroldwasravenousYesterday，forexample heatetwobowlsofsoup，asalad，alargechickenandapieceofchocolatecakebeforehewasfinallysatisfied ravenous这个词，我们可以根据下一句话“他喝了两碗汤，吃了色拉，一只大鸡和一块巧克力饼”的内容，猜出此词是“极度饥饿”的意思。 例2：Thewomansfeethurt，soshewenttoapodiatrist 句子的前半部分说“这位妇女的脚受了伤”，受了伤怎么办，去看医生，脚受了伤，自然要去看podiatrist（足病医生）。二、利用语义相反、对照信息猜词。 有时文章在描述两件事物的不同特征时，使用了截然相反的词，形成鲜明的对照，这时可以给读者以暗示，从而猜出生词的意思。如： 例3：Themajorpointsofyourplanarecleartome，butthedetailsarestillhazy 计划的要点清楚，而细节hazy，显然和clear的意思相反，为“模糊”或“迷惑”的意思。 例4：Unlikehergregarioussister，Janeisashy，unsociablepersonwhodoesnotliketogotopartiesortomakenewfriends Jane是一个腼腆而不善交际的人，和她的姐姐的性格恰恰相反，那么gregarious（爱交际的）的意思就迎刃而解了。 三、利用主语和表语的关系猜词。 “系表结构”的句子有两种表意功能，一是表语说明主语的形状或特征，二是表语和主语是同位关系，即表语的内容等于主语的内容。后者往往是猜词的最好线索。如： 例5：Tomalignistoslanderaninnocentperson 表语的意思是“诽谤无辜的人”，那么主语malign就是“中伤”或“诽谤”的意思。 例6：Insomniaistheinabilityoffallasleeporsleeprestlessly 表语的意思是“不能入睡或睡不着”，那么主语insomnia无疑就是“失眠”了。 四、利用同位语的功能猜词。 同位语是对中心词的诠释和说明，利用这一点，可以弄清生词的意思。如： 例7：Thepurposeofthecampaignwastocatch“ringers”，studentswhotaketestforotherstudents 同位语studentswhotaketestforotherstudents（替他人考试）是对“ringers作解释的， 因此ringers（代考者）的意思就不难悟出了。 例8：Forseveralyears，scientistshavebeentestingasubstancecalledinterferon，apotentialwonderdrugthatisproventobeeffectiveintreatingavarietyofailments，includingvirusinfections，bacteriainfections，andtumors 同位语apotentialwonderdrugandtumors是解释什么叫interferon的，根据句意说interferon是一种对病毒感染，细菌感染和肿瘤治疗有效的奇药，至少我们会猜出它是一种罕见的药物，如果对医药比较关心，就可知道它是“干扰素”。如果善于运用构词知识，把它和interfere（干扰）联系起来考虑，那就更好了。 五、利用定语从句的功能猜词。 定语从句也是修饰和说明中心词的，根据其提供的信息，也不失为一种猜词的好方法。如： 例9：Procrastinatorsarepeoplewhohaveachronichabitofputtingthingsoff，usuallyuntilthelastminuteandsometimesuntilitistoolatealtogether 定语从句whohaveachronichabitaltogether是说procrastinator是一种具有推迟办事的缓慢习气的人，通常拖到最后时刻，有时甚至误了大事，我们不难猜出该词为“办事拖拉的人”。 例10：Headlinesoftencontainrelativelyunusualwordslike“blaze”whichisoftenusedinsteadof“fire” 定语从句说“blaze”常常代替“fire”使用，这说明blaze与fire同义。 六、利用常识和经验猜词。 某些文章的生词，根据个人生活经验和基本常识也可以猜出。如： 例11：Thesnakeslitheredthroughthegrass 根据常识可以推断：蛇的运动是“蜿蜒滑行”。 例12：WhatcouldJohnexpect？HehadlefthiswetswimmingtrunksinthedarkclosetforoveraweekOfcoursetheyhadbeguntomildew 根据常识和经验，一个人把湿游泳裤忘在盥洗间长达一个多星期，最后的结果必然是衣服“发霉”。 七、利用注释性词语猜词。 所谓注释性词语，就是一些为进一步补充说明前述内容而承上启下的过渡性词语，如：thatistosay，inotherwords，ie，including，meaning，namely，等。如： 例13：Pedant，inotherwords，denotesapersonwholaystoomuchstressonbooklearning，technicalknowledge，rules，andadherencetorules 通过inotherwords（换句话说）引起的下文是解释pedant的意思，根据下文阐述的内容“太注重书本知识，墨守成规的人”，那就是“书呆子”或“学究”。 例14：Newspaperh