语法-状语从句讲解.doc

嘉定二中校本教材 高中语法系列 2语法 状语从句由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。 第一讲 时间, 地点状语从句时间状语从句：when, while, as, before, after, since , wheneveruntil, till, by the time(注意时态) as soon as, had hardlywhen, had no soonerthan, (on doing sth) the moment, every time/ each time, the first time, once e.g: When he came, I had cleaned the classroom. He didnt stop working until his mother came bake. He worked until his mother came back. As soon as he returned, he bought a new flat. He had no sooner returned than he bought a new flat He came to scene the moment he heard the news. I thought her nice and honest the first time I met him. Once he makes up your mind, he wont change his mind. It was two years before I met him again. = Two years passed before I met him again.注意点 1. when引导的从句动词可以是延续性的或短暂性的，while引导的从句中动词必须是延续性的； while有时并不表示时间，而表示对比，表示“而”、“却”。 When I got home I found the door locked. While(或When)we were working in the fields, it suddenly began to rain. His pencil is red, while mine is yellow.2. till与until notuntil/till 解释为 直到才主句动词一般是短暂性的 till/until 解释为 直到为止 主句动词一般是延续性的 一般情况下可以互换，但until可以位于句首，till则不能。 He worked until it was dark.He didnt stop working until it was dark.Until it stops raining，the children cant go out. Not until the rain stops can the children go out.地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。 Ill go wherever the people want me to go.(whereverto any place where)He works where his grandfather fought.(wherein the place where) You must stay where you are. = You must stay in the place where you are. Wherever you go, I go too.Where there is water, there is life.(那儿有 那儿就有 Where there is a will, there is a way.)圈出其中的从句并翻译:1. Whenever it is his turn to speak, he gets nervous.2. Every time he comes, he always tells us something interesting.3. When I get the news, I will let you know as soon as possible.4. Once he makes a promise, he will never break it.5. I had no sooner run into the school gate than I heard the bell for class.6. I found the lost watch under a desk after the children had left for home.7. He had to be called two or three times before he came down to dinner.8. We didnt notice anything wrong with the washer until we started using it.9. The hunter made mark on the tree where he stops.10. Wherever he is, he will find time to do some reading.第二讲 原因、目的、结果状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , now that（既然）等，for 表示因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词，语气不如because强, considering that, seeing that(既然,由于) not thatbut that(不是因为而是因为)e.g. He is disappointed because he didnt get the position.Since everybody is here, lets begin. It must have rained last night, for the ground is still wet. Seeing that the weather is bad, well stay at home.注意点: 1. 回答以why提出的问题时，只能用because,而不能用as等。2. sincenow(that),表“既然”意，表示已知的或明显的原因，由此加以推论。 Now that/Since you are free today, you may have a rest at home or go out for a walk.3. for 是一个并列连词，用来连接两个并列句，引导的句子是对前面一句话的内容的推测或补充说明。(一般有逗号逗开) The day has broken, for the birds are singing. 4. 区别几个介词短语：because of , due to, owing to, on account of 目的状语从句引导词有so that, in order that, that, in case（免得，以防）, for fear that。目的状语从句谓语常含有can/could/may/might/will/would等情态动词。 e.g: He said aloud so that everybody could hear him. I left the room quietly for fear that I might wake him up.Speak clearly, so that they may understand you. He left early in case he should miss the train.结果状语从句结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由so that （从句谓语一般没有情态动词）, so that, such that等引导。 1. He works so hard that he makes great progress in his studies.2. Its such a difficult problem that nobody can work it out.3. Theres not any noise here so that I feel very comfortable. c.f. I got up early, so that I caught the bus. I got up early so that I could catch the bus.圈出其中的从句并翻译1. He had to do a part-time job after work because he needed money for his marriage.2. Since you know you are wrong, youd better admit it.3. I didnt go to see him, for a heavy snow was falling.4. Seeing that the weather is bad, we will stay at home.5. He always takes a seat in the first row so that he can hear better.6. In order that they can have more time for study, they often eat fast food.7. She had such a good experience that I would always remember it.8. I stayed up late last night, so that I felt sleepy in class today.9. I wrote as clearly as possible so that I might get high marks.10. I wrote as clearly as possible, so that I got high marks.第三讲 条件、方式、比较、让步状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）条件句。引导条件状语从句的词（组）主要有if, unless, in case, so/as long as, on condition that, provided that, supposing that 等 e.g. If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch. So far as I know（据我所知）, he will be away for three months. You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you dont go too far away from the river bank. In case he comes, let me know. As long as you dont lose heart, you will succeed. Unless you work hard, you wont pass the exam. If you doesnt work hard, you wont pass the exam 注意：1. 条件从句中的if 不能用whether替换。2. 祈使句+and you will do的结构中也隐含了一个状语从句 Use your head and you will find a better way out. If you your head, you will find a better way out 3、在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。 e.g. Well go outing if it doesnt rain tomorrow. Ill write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.让步状语从句让步状语从句表示在从句的情况下,主句的情况仍然出现though, although, even if, even though, as, while, whetheror, no matter+wh. wh+evereg: Though he is a child, he knows a lot. Whether it rains or not, I shall go out for an outing tomorrow. Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, Ill never change my mind. However hard I try, I cant finish the work in time. 注意力 1. as 作“尽管”意时，一般将其句中的表语放在句首，用倒装扮：Although he is young, he knows a lot. =Young as he is, he knows a lot.若表语为名词，冠词要省略： Although he is a child, he has remembered a lot of English words. Child as/though he is, he has remembered a lot of English words. 2. although或though不能与but同时出现在一个复合句中，但是“Although/Though，(and)yet”句式却是正确的。 Although it is raining heavily, yet they are repairing the bridge. 3. while引导的从句位于句首, 相当于 although While we dont agree on the matter, we continue to be friends. 4. in spit of, despite 后面跟的是名词短语 In spite of the heavy rain, they still worked in the fields. 方式（或比较）状语从句 引导词有as, as if, as though, than, as/soas, the morethe more.例如：Tom is not so/as tall as John. 注：asas既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句，soas只能用于否定句。 You must do the exercise as I show you.He acted as if nothing had happened. I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.The busier he is, the happier he feels.圈出其中的从句并翻译1. The road will be blocked if there is another snow.2. We wont let you in unless you show us your pass.3. You may use my bike as long as you return it before Friday.4. Although he lacks experience, (yet) he is ready to do the job.5. Short as she was, she plays the best in her team.6. I will try to repair the watch myself even if it takes me a long time.7. No matter how busy he was, he would watch TV sports news every night.8. Do exactly as the doctor says. 1. His speech made _deep impression on the audience that they could hardly forget it.A. such a B. so a C. so D. such2. The house cost _we didnt buy it. A. so much money that B. such many money that C. such much money that D. so many money that3. It is _ all of us can do it. A. so easy exercise that B. so easy an exercise that C. such easy an exercise D. such easy exercise4. They stopped at Tianjing _ they might visit the TV tower. A. so B. because C. so that D. in order5. We all got up early _ we might start at six. A. in order that B. in order to C. so D. so as to6. _clearly so that your teacher _ you correctly. A. Writecan understand B. Having written can understand C. To write could understand D. Writing will understand7. _ it was late, she went on working. A. Though B. Because C. Since D. Whether8. _we fail, we _ trying. A. Even if dont stop B. Even thoughwont stop C. Evenwont not stop D. Even although shall never stop9. _physics, he likes maths better. A. As he much likes B. Much as he likes C. Much likes as he D. Likes much as he10. _telephones, tell him Im out. A. No matter whoever B. Who C. Whoever D. Anyone11. Well carry the reform to the end _happens. A. no matter how B. whatever C. anything D. no matter which12. _it was finished in time. A. As the work was difficult B. Difficult as the work was C. Difficult as was the work D. As was the work difficult13. He speaks English _ he speaks French. A. as well as B. so well as C. much more better than D. as good as 14. He was walking along the river _ he saw a little boy lying under a tree. A. while B. when C. as D. which15. _ they visited the Science Museum, they showed great interest in everything they saw. A. The first time B. For the first time C. At first D. At the first time16. I dont think youll be able to understand that _ you are my age,. A. even B. only when C. as if D . even when17. It was evening _ we reached that little town. A. that B. until C. since D. before18. Youll surely make progress _ you work with a strong will. A. unless B. until C. as long as D. as well as19.It wont be long _ you regret what youve done. A. after B. before C. since D. when20. It is often said that an American starts a speech with a joke, _ a Japanese has an apology to make. A . which B. as C. while D. when21. Its almost three years _ I last saw her. A. since B. w