48个英语音标表图表及其说明.doc

48个英语音标表元音字母和辅音字母分类表语音知识: 1) 字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u 2) 音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。即20个元音音素和28个辅音音素. 3) 元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。 4) 辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。 5) 音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。apple，student，teacher，understand。 6) 开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike home due; b) 辅音+元音 he，go，hi。 7) 闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad，bed，sit，hot，cup; b)元音+辅音it。 8) 重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。 读音规则 1) 重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)。 2) 非重读音节 banana，student，today，after，i orange，secret，evening，very，Monday。 特殊读音 1）音的连读：前面的词以元辅音结尾，后面的单词以元音开头，这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。not at all，half an hour，I love you and all、after all。 2）失去爆破：辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等，前面的辅音要失去爆破。good girl，good student，good job，expression，school，extreme。 3）音的同化：两个特殊的音碰到一起，会发出变异成特殊的音。Would you do it? I am glad to meet you、Cant you see it? last year，this year。 重音 A)双音节词 a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter，sorry。 b)有 a-，be-，de-，re-，res-，in-，im-，en-，em-，es-，ex-，con-，com-，dis-，mis-，pre-，per-，pro-，trans- 等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。about，believe，address，decide，report，condemn，respect，compare，inform，discuss，impress，mistake，enforce，prepare，employ，permit，escape，produce，exclaim，translatec)有 de-，in-，re-，con-，pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关，一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。record，record; insult，insult; conduct，conduct; present present; content，content。 d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-，ex-，un-，pre-，post-，等的词，有两个重音。outside，retell，well-known，unreal，fifteen，Chinese，pre-war，post-war。 B)多音节词 a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。difficult，communist，family，economy，opportunity，democracy。 b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音carefully，indefinite，comfortable，conductor，according，disturbance，complicated，establishment。 c)词尾有-eous，-grahpy，-ial，-ian，-ic，-ics，-ience，ient，-ify，-ion，-ious，-ity，ive 后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。courteous，calligraphy，editorial，historian，periodic，mathematics，experience，sufficient，identify，translation，religious，curiosity，protective。 d)词尾有 -ain，-ee，-eer，-ese，-ette 后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。entertain，employee，mountaineer，Japanese，cigarette。 48个英语国际音标 用对称法排序 20个辅音 3个鼻音 2个半元音 3个似拼音 20个元音 pbmwhi:itdnjrE:Ekg NlC:Cfvu:uszB:QWTeA FVaieiCitFdViEZEuEtrdrEu autsdz 48个国际音标表 元音 12个单元音 长元音 i:E:C:u:B: 短元音 iECuQeA 8个双元音aieiCiiEZEuEEuau 辅音 10对 清辅音 ptkfsWFtFtrts 浊辅音 bdgvzTVdVdrdz 3个鼻音 mnN 3个似拼音 hrl 2个半元音 wj8个国际音标表i: i E: E O: O u: u A: V Q e ai ei Oi iE CE uE Eu au p b t d k g f v s z T D S Z tS dZ tr dr ts dz m n N h r l w j 英语国际音标共48个，其中20个元音，20个辅音，3个鼻音，2个半元音，3个似拼音元音12个单元音长元音 i: E: O: u: A:短元音 i E O u V Q e8个双元音: ai ei Oi iE CE uE Eu au辅音10对清辅音 p t k f s T S tS tr ts浊辅音 b d g v z D Z dZ dr dz3个鼻音 m n N3个似拼音 h r l2个半元音 w j巧记48个国际音标单元音共十二，四二六前中后。双元音也好背，合口集中八个整。辅音共计二十八，八对一清又七浊，四个连对也包括。有气无声清辅音，有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握。关于语音的几个概念:AHD表示美语发音,The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language（简称AHD）KK音标是一套用于标注美式发音的符号系统, 这是一套最常用的也是最权威的注音法，从此人们把美语标准发音惯称为KK音标。DJ是根据英国学者Daniel Jones编的英语发音字典 (English Pronouncing Dictionary, 1963)中的标音而来.英式读音根据的是English Pronouncing Dictionary 英语正音辞典。它们代表了被称为“Received Pronuciation”（RP）（标准读音）的读音，这在受过教育的英国人尤其是南部英格兰人中通用。1888年国际语音协会 (International Phonetic Association) 的语言学家便制定出一套可国际通用的语音符号叫国际音标符号 (IPAInternational Phonetic Alphabet)，希望以一个符号代表一音，并避免各人使用一套自己的符号所产生的不便。音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位. 58英语学习元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音.辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个辅音.开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e 如:kite cake name bike make take home plane shine2)辅音+元音 如:he hi go no do be tree three hello闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音 :sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head2)元音+辅音 如: it is of in on up out antA chicken is in the kitchen. / A horse is in the house.A mouse is in the cats mouth.A sheep eats some beef and drinks some green tea1 元音:1) i: 字母组合:ee ea e iethree tree green sheep meet beef see seekeat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak cleanpiece receive ceiling2) i发音字母 i y esit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build missmyth many twenty happy dictionarydefect decide delicious3) 发音字母 abag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 58英语学习网4) e 字母组合 ea e ahead bread pleasureelephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yesmany any5) : 字母组合ir ur ear er orgirl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third birdturn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burgerlearn earn earth heardterm her nerd servework worm work world6) 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e uteacher leader remember player speaker farmer powderdoctor actor mayor author tractordelicious gracious pleasurefamiliar collar dollartogether tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington controlaround account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan chinamen listenfamulus Saturday7) a: 字母组合 ar acar farm card arm gardenfast class last glass plant aunt calm8) : 发音字母 u o ou ooup supper lunch fun gun hunt cup buscome mother dose brother love abovetrouble rough flourishblood flood9) 字母组合 al or au our arsmall wall talk tall hall ball call walkshort more lord horse for forty sport door floor storeauthor caught autumnfour mourn court boughtwarm quarrel quarter10) 发音字母 o ahot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar notwant wash watch11) u: 字母组合 oo o ufood moon room gloom broom doom goose toothshoe do twotrue truth blue full prude12) u 字母组合 oo ou u olook good foot book woodshould couldput full bull pull pushwoman wolf13) ei 发音字母 a ay ea ai eyname cake late gate plane Aprilplay say may waygreat breakrain paint plainthey grey14) ai 发音字母 i ybike fine find die nine light night highmy try fly eye15) au 字母组合 ou owhouse out flour ground account count sound loud around mouseflower down now cow how town16) u 发音字母 o ow oahome cold go no phone host ghostknow low below grow blow show flowboat coat goal17) 字母组合oy oiboy toy joyoil soil voice choice18) i 字母组合 eer earbeer deerear nearhere fierce idea19) 字母组合ear air erepear bearchair air fairthere wherecare20) u 字母组合our owerhour tourflower shower2 容易混淆的元音A ebad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad saidi： eireal rail greet great mean main read raide aibet bite red write said side head hideaU R：house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count cornaU Qfound fond down done gown gone town tonAQfan fun tan tun san son tank tun3辅音1) pen pear play pig pour pull push2) book big boot bike bread break3) t tree two ten ton town twenty city4) d door dull desk dose do dog dictionary5) k king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字母k)card cat cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母c)fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母x)school schedule schema (字母组合ch)6) g girl good goal goat grade long language7) m man make moon morning move come comb8) n pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean9) N uncle bank English think thank junk 58英语sing king morning evening10) l long land lend lord fly flag blackworld cold could goal soul11) r read red right run room write12) f five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wifecough laugh rough physic photo phone13) v very evening even every voice vestof14) s six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s)license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c)piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce)15) z zoo zebra zero zapclose nose hose suppose pause those whose16) W think thank three thirty tooth mouth17) T that this those these though18) F sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush washnation attention stationsocial specialsure19) V pleasure20) h hot hop home house horse how who21) w when what where window wind wood22) j yes year yell you your yolk yellow23) tF child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach 24) dV age language cabbage vegetable stage bridgejoy enjoy join July June junk25) tr tree country try treat track trunk26) dr dry dream drop drive drink27) ts students boots boats goats nuts28) dz goods woods moods hoods4容易混淆的辅音v wvest west vet wet vine wine very wells Wsink think mass math miss myth sort soughtz Tclose cloth breeze breathen Nthin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing5字母，组合音节发音规律1）a ei a: Rlate private grade bake grape nation station pageactive hand bank fan parent family glad flagaccept about above formative machine cinemafast last glass class past fatherwash what watch want2）e i: e 不发音appreciate extremely secret she me heletter left message generate pebbledecide pretty previous result restoreproblem prosperous student confidentactive table late wife store lecture3）i aihigh price library ice cream wife size linefist pick chicken piano fianc city unit4）o J J: Q Rlode host cold note okay old homelose do who whose provelove some other mother honey companytoday tomorrow together control collectlost hot mock office soft honest5）u ju u Q university refuse unique universe hugeput push pull full bullbut brush bucket duck bubble 58英语学习support suggest6）c k scountry camp camera courage cablecity ceiling celebrate cell cease7）g g dV Ngirl grade glass glade bag flagvillage vegetable bridge gentleman gymlong song sing morning evening8) l l 读音不同listen learn language collect English gorillaworld cold soil tall sell cool animal9) n n Nmoon night noodle numberuncle hungry angry young10) r r (美语发音)right read write grade progresscard board door floor form north11）y j aiyellow year yell young yolkuniversity country pretty happydyke dying fly buy by my12）ar a: R:farm card garden markdollarwarm quarrel quarter13) ea i: e ei icease season breathe feature meat pleasebread breast breath meadow weathergreat breakidea realize14) ear : ilearn earth earn heardhear near clear ear fear15) er : ideserve serve her personteacher driver anger singerserious experience mysterious fierce16） ere i Zhere mere fere serethere17) ir : aishirt girl skirtadmire desire18) oo u: u Q R:room tool cool moon noon goof foodgood foot stood wood wool cook wood bookblood flooddoor floor19) or R: : short form corn born forwork world worm word worsttractor doctor actor sector senior senator20) oor R: Jdoor floormoor poor boor21) our J R:hour tour flour bourn lourpour court four mourn22) ou au Q house mouth mouse sound foundenough trouble touchdelicious gracious prosperous23) ow J auwindow meadow know show lownow town how down cow24) se z snose suppose gose lose pose rosemouse house25) th W Tthank think thought cloth 58英语学习clothes that this then than26) sion Fn Vnpropulsion tension progression passionprotrusion provision conclusion television27) tion Fn tFn(不常见)station nation translation attentionquestion学好英语音标的正确的发音具有重要的实用意义。 首先：增强你的信心。我们以前不是自己说出一个句子，全班同学都不懂吗？自己的天方之谈往往要等老师重复一遍才能让其他人明白。外国人听你说话，不是要伸长脖子，拱起腰骨，方能听明白你说的什么么？真替外教心痛。这时自己是不是心里总有些什么的么？如果我说一遍外教就心领神会，马上接上我的意思，我们看外教的眼睛，肯定是在发亮的，我们的心里不是很感到自豪么？ 其次：能够帮助你记住单词。英语的发音是有其内在的很强的规律的，虽然这个规律并不是几十条发音规则就能完全涵盖包容。以我自身为例子，你随便给个单词我，无论什么生词，我都能正确说出它的读音，即使我从前未曾见过这个单词。为什么这样，这就是英语语音的内在规律。既然有这个规律，当我们记一个单词，把这个单词拼读出来的时候，这个内在的语音规律自然能够不自觉的发生作用，帮助你加深这个单词的记忆的。虽然这个规律是不能三言两语说清的。 然后：增强阅读能力。好像发音跟阅读没多大关系的样子。阅读能力的好坏靠的不单止是词汇量和语法，还有个语感的问题。语感是个很虚的东西，不过可以感觉一下，我们读中文书籍，遇到不懂的字词，却仍然知道它大概的意思；看了这句话，知道下一句要说到甚么，等等，便是语感的作用。如果没学好正确的发音，是根本不能养成语感的，因为不正确的发音是游离的，不定的，试问游离不定的东西怎么形成专一的语感呢。 最后：对听力的帮助。其实大家应该很容易明白这个好处。但我自己的观点比较保守，我认为发音正确听力并不能就没有问题。听力很多时候并不专注一个单词，我们听的是一个句子，专注于其中一个单词往往会让你听不懂整个句子。发音正确能够提高你的听力，但不能完全解决听力问题。字母组合aæ bag cat jam map happy sad back fact hand panei cake date face game paper lady mistakebandage climate palace village massage about Canada China woman sofa address: arm car dark farm garden yard park marketai(ay)-ei aim fail may layau-: fault pause causeaw-: draw hawk lawyerair- chair fair hair pairare- care dare share spareee bed desk get leg lesson message neck pen rest send teni: even fever he metre she thesebefore collage cinema decide enjoy jacket garden licence open silent excellent travel: nerve serve term(重) assert certain her dinner order farmer(非) concert perhapsee-i: beef deep free greenea-e bread dead