英语 必修一 第五单元 语法 定语从句(2).ppt

Unit5NelsonMandelaGrammar 2020年3月20日星期五 1 2020年3月20日星期五 2 定语从句 TheAttributiveClause 2020年3月20日星期五 3 1 定语从句 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句 2 先行词 被修饰的名词 代词或整句话 关系代词 关系副词 3 引导定语从句的词 关系代词 关系副词 when where why等 who whom whose which that等 定语从句的相关概念 TherewasanearthquakewhichhappenedinTangshanin1976 2020年3月20日星期五 4 关系代词的用法 关系代词在从句中可以 whom who which that whose 何时可以省略 做宾语时可以省略 关系代词的用法注意点 1 that和which都可以指物 但以下5种情况只能用that不能用which 当先行词为不定代词或被不定代词修饰时 如 ThisisallthatIwantfromtheschool Theearthquakewokeupallthementhatwereasleep 当先行词被theonly thevery thelast thejust theright等修饰时 如 ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforthesedays 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten 当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时 如 Whoistheboythatshookhandswithyoujustnow 当先行词中有人又有物时 如 Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout 2 that和who都可以指人 但下面两种情况 多用who 先行词为all anyone one ones等时 如 Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited 先行词为those时 如 Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere Therebe结构的主语为人且作为先行词时如 Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou 3 关系代词在从句中作主语时 从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致 如 Thosewhoareagainsttheplanputupyourhands Tomisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedbytheteacheryesterday Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedbytheteacheryesterday 关系副词引导的定语从句 Theschoolwasthreekilometresaway Istudiedintheschoolforonlythreeyears 地点状语 where 当先行词是表示地点的词且关系词在从句中充当地点状语时可由关系副词where引定语从句 TheschoolwhereIstudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometresaway Thetimewasaverydifficultperiodofmylife IfirstmetNelsonMandelaatthattime 时间状语 when 当先行词是表示时间的词且关系词在从句中充当时间状语时可由关系副词when引定语从句 ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife CanyouexplainthereasonYoudonothelpmeforthereason 时间状语 why 当先行词是explanation或reason且关系词在从句中充当原因状语时可由关系副词why引定语从句 Canyouexplainthereasonwhyyoudonothelpme 关系副词when where和why的用法 1 Fromthetimehewaslittle hehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup 2 ShanghaiistheplaceIwasborn 3 Weallknownthereasonheissosadtoday When where why 对比练习 用适当的关系词填空 1 Theroom heoncelivedisstillthere Theroom Ihavetocleaneverydaybelongstomymother where that which Heoncelivedintheroom Ihavetocleantheroom 2 Iwillneverforgettheday Imetyou Iwillneverforgettheday wespenttogether when that which Imetyouonthatday Wespentthedaytogether that which why 3 Thereason Idon tknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatthattime Thereason Idon tknowisknowntohim Idonotknowthethingforthereason Idonotknowthereason 介词 which whom可以用来直接引导定语从句或者代替关系副词引导定语从句 介词 which whom引导的定语从句 Thisisthefarmwhere onwhich weworkedwhenwewereyoung Myfatherwasbornintheyearwhen inwhich WorldWar brokeout Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor Ican tfindthepenwithwhichIwaswriting 1 介词的选用原则 根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定 ThisisthebookonwhichIspent8dollars ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid8dollars 2 根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定 IrememberthedayonwhichIjoinedtheParty IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedthere 3 表示所属关系或选择关系是用of Theoldwomenhasthreesons twoofwhomaredoctors ThisisthebookofwhichthecoverIlikeverymuch 4 根据句意来判断 Water withoutwhichmancannotlive isrellyimportant 巩固练习 用适当的关系词填空 1 October1 1949wastheday Chinawasfounded 2 Beijingistheplace Icame 3 Isthisthereason hedidn twanttoseeme when onwhich where fromwhich why forwhich 4 Isthistheroom wewerelivinglastwinter 5 Thedaysaregone weused foreignoil 6 Yesterday wehadameeting wediscussedmanyproblems where inwhich when duringwhich atwhich where 当介词放在关系代词前面时 关系代词只能用whom 指人 或which 指物 且关系代词不能省略 Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor Ican tfindthepenwithwhichIwaswriting 关系副词或介词 which whom引导定语从句需注意的几点 2 当介词位于定语从句末尾时 可用which that 指物 who whom that 指人 作从句中介词的宾语 而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略 whom who that which that Dadisaperson Icaneasilytalkto Isthistheplay youweretalkingaboutjustnow 3 在一些固定搭配的动词短语中 由于动词和介词不可分割 因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前 如 Thisisthewatch that which Iamlookingfor Thebabies who whom that thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy 两种特殊的先行词 1 当先行词为time 表示 次数 时 应用关系词that或省略 如 Thisisthefirsttime that thepresidenthasvisitedthecountry 2 当point situation case stage等词作先行词表示 情况 境地 场合 等意思时 其后常由where引导定语从句 where在句中作状语 如 Canyouthinkofasituationwherethisphrasecanbeused Untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall Wewereputintoapositioninwhichwehadeithertoaccptwewerelessimportantorfightthegovernment When 先行词指时间定语从句中作时间状语 介词 which Where先行词指地点在定语从句中作地点状语 介词 which Why先行词指原因在定语从